SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Magnetic Field Therapy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

711 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Natural deep eutectic solvent in situ formation-based extraction method coupled to high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for multiclass carbohydrates in hot pot bases.

A novel method was developed for the simultaneous extraction of fourteen multiclass carbohydrates from high-fat foods via the in situ formation of deep eutectic adducts from analytes and acetate ions. Different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) composed of fructose and organic acids were tested as extraction solvents. A model NADES formulated with sodium acetate and fructose was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The critical extraction parameters were systematically optimized using multi-response surface methodology (MRSM) with a central composite design (CCD). The extract was analyzed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) using a sodium hydroxide-sodium acetate eluent, which did not require organic solvents. This approach exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.02-10 mg L-1, with correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9994 to 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.06-0.42 mg kg-1 and 0.19-1.3 mg kg-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of liquid chromatography (LC). The protocol was successfully applied to the determination of fourteen carbohydrates in forty-five hotpot seasoning samples. The recoveries ranged from 86.3% to 104.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9-7.1%. By integrating multiple techniques, this strategy simplifies operations, shortens extraction time, and achieves baseline separation of three carbohydrate classes that exhibit poor resolution using a conventional LC method. This study describes an efficient procedure for the simultaneous determination of multiple trace-level carbohydrates in complex samples using HPAEC-PAD.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Microbial diversity, functional activities, and safety risks in fermented tea: a comprehensive review.

Microbial fermented teas are gaining global popularity due to their unique sensory profiles and health benefits. The quality and safety of these products are governed by complex microbial ecosystems that orchestrate the biotransformation of tea leaf components. This review addresses a critical paradox in the field: the same microbial activities that generate desirable bioactive metabolites, such as theabrownins and organic acids, also create ecological niches for mycotoxigenic fungi, posing significant health risks from contaminants like ochratoxin A, citrinin, and aflatoxins. While extensive research has cataloged the microbial diversity in these systems, a comprehensive framework linking processing environments to microbial community assembly, functional outcomes, and quantifiable safety risks remains elusive. This review systematically bridges this gap by synthesizing current knowledge on the microbial consortia-dominated by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Bacillus, and Lactiplantibacillus species-that drive tea fermentation. We critically analyze their functional roles in enhancing flavor, bioactivity, and potential probiotic activity while simultaneously evaluating the mechanisms of mycotoxin production and accumulation. By integrating microbial ecology, biochemistry, and food safety, we propose a forward-looking perspective focused on transitioning the industry from traditional, spontaneous fermentation to modern, controlled biotechnological processes. This approach, centered on the use of defined starter cultures, predictive modeling, and active biocontrol strategies, provides a roadmap for ensuring the consistent quality and safety of fermented tea products, ultimately unlocking their full potential as high-quality functional foods.

Tea↗

PubMed2026

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A PET imaging in parkinsonian α-synucleinopathies: a systematic review.

Synaptic dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an early and biologically relevant component of α-synucleinopathies. However, conventional imaging biomarkers mainly assess dopaminergic dysfunction, glucose metabolism, or structural damage rather than presynaptic density itself. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) PET enables in vivo assessment of presynaptic terminal integrity and may provide complementary information in Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia/dementia with Lewy bodies (PDD/DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). This systematic review synthesized the available evidence on SV2A-targeted PET in parkinsonian α-synucleinopathies, focusing on regional imaging patterns, clinical associations, longitudinal findings, and methodological determinants of interpretation. Seventeen reports were included. In PD, the most recurrent finding was reduced SV2A binding in the substantia nigra, although additional involvement of brainstem, caudate, striatal, thalamic, raphe, or cortical regions was reported in selected cohorts. In PDD/DLB, abnormalities appeared broader and more cortical, with evidence of association between cortical SV2A binding and cognitive performance. In MSA, one study suggested a distinct infratentorial and cerebellar pattern with potential relevance for phenotypic stratification. SV2A PET is a promising research biomarker for biological characterization of synucleinopathies. However, the field remains limited by small cohorts, methodological heterogeneity, variable quantification strategies, limited longitudinal evidence, and potential cohort overlap. Multicentre validation and harmonized protocols are required before clinical translation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Impact of Physical Environment of Pediatric Inpatient Wards on Children: A Systematic Literature Review.

ObjectiveThe study aimed to examine empirical studies published between 2003 and 2025 to identify elements of physical environments influencing health outcomes and experiences of children and families.BackgroundIn the past 40 years, research has shown that the physical environment influences the health and well-being of patients in the healthcare environment. However, similar research in the context of "pediatric inpatient wards" remains underexplored.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to identify relevant articles. All extracted articles underwent a three-step screening process using PRISMA. A total of 30 eligible articles were used for the analysis. The protocol is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023408997).ResultsKey findings reveal positive and negative impacts of identified elements. Positive-effect elements include play spaces, space for parents, natural light, connections with nature, and so on, which promote comfort, healing, and emotional resilience. Conversely, negative-effect elements, such as noise, artificial lighting, uncomfortable temperature, and so on, contribute to stress and disrupted sleep. Mixed effects were observed for elements like art and television, which underscore the complexity of designing environments that address the diverse needs of different age groups and genders.ConclusionsThe review findings highlight significant knowledge gaps. The study also tries to bridge existing gaps between research and practice by systematically identifying environmental elements, offering actionable insights to architects, designers, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Future research must adopt rigorous, culturally inclusive approaches to advance the field of pediatric healthcare design and ensure equitable care across diverse sociocultural contexts.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Systematic Umbrella Review of Current Terminology and Reported Rationales.

OBJECTIVES: Toaddress current naming conventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) through a systematic umbrella review. The terminology used and the provided rationales were considered. METHODS: Registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024526020), this review searched 8 key databases, last on January 28, 2025. Reviews including medically unexplained symptoms (or synonym or subtype) in their systematic search terms were included (N=422). RESULTS: A total of 577 references to 111 terms were made across the reviews, with numerous reviews using the same overarching terms, including "functional" (n=233), "somatic" (or variants thereof, n=51), and "medically unexplained" (n=28). Thirty percent of terms (n=179) were to specific syndromes or terms that did not group together under an overarching term, suggesting substantial variability in terms, even though over 60% of authors were primarily associated with just 3 disciplines: medicine, allied health, and psychology. A subset of 23 reviews provided rationales, which were subjected to content analysis and a ROBIS (Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews) risk-of-bias assessment. This analysis showed that rationales tended to (1) highlight differences between psychological, psychiatric, and other medical fields (n=7); (2) focus on the patient perspective and patient-practitioner therapeutic relationship (n=10); or (3) follow broad and/or commonly used terms (n=7). DISCUSSION: The current landscape of terminology used for MUS remains varied, nuanced, and inconsistent between disciplines. Moving forward to a more universal language accepted and used by both patients and practitioners would aid in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of MUS.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative analysis of lipopolysaccharide lipid A structure and its biosynthetic genes in the plant-associated bacteria Brucella cytisi and Brucella lupini.

The genus Brucella comprises important human and animal pathogens, as well as numerous environmental and symbiotic species. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, plays a crucial role in bacterial physiology and host interactions. In this study, the structures of lipid A, the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccharide, isolated from two plant-associated strains, Brucella cytisi ESC1ᵀ and Brucella lupini LUP21ᵀ, were presented. Lipid A preparations were structurally characterized using chemical methods, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that both lipid A molecules have almost identical structures. Their sugar backbones consist exclusively of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-GlcpN3N). Phosphate residues were connected to distal and proximal GlcpN3N in approximately half of the lipid A molecules. Fatty acid analysis revealed the presence of C14:0 (3-OH), C16:0 (3-OH), and traces of C18:0 (3-OH). All of these were primary fatty substituents of the sugar backbone and were amide-linked residues. Lactobacillic acid C19:0cyc and 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid (C28:0 (27-OH)) were found as ester-linked secondary acyl residues. In turn, C28:0 (27-OH) was partly esterified by a 3-hydroxybutyroyl residue. Two unsubstituted 3-hydroxyfatty acids were linked exclusively to the proximal d-GlcpN3N residue. It was pointed out that sequences of putative genes encoding enzymes required for lipid A biosynthesis and genes encoding specific enzymes involved in structural modifications of lipid A occurring in the genomes of both bacterial species are almost identical. The high sequence similarity of these proteins reflects the observed similarities in the lipid A structures in both investigated Brucella species.

Brucella↗

PubMed2026

Cognitive-metabolic relationship in temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current literature on neurometabolic dysfunction identified through brain imaging and its cognitive correlates in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline contributes to chronic disability in TLE. The pathophysiology of cognitive decline in TLE is poorly understood, limiting therapeutic advances. Characterizing metabolic changes in patients with TLE and cognitive impairment may identify biomarkers and inform new treatment strategies. DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of five major databases, gathering studies published through December 2024, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We included all observational studies describing associations between metabolic imaging findings and cognitive measures in TLE. RESULTS: Of 1449 reports, 38 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 1161 patients with TLE aged 5-66 years. Twenty-two studies applied fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to assess interictal brain glucose metabolism. Two studies utilized PET with other tracers to assess more specific metabolic aspects. Fourteen studies used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to quantify local concentrations of brain metabolites. Impairment of verbal memory was consistently associated with left temporal lobe metabolite changes. Non-memory cognitive impairments correlated with changes in glucose metabolism, N-acetylaspartate, and gamma-aminobutyrate in both temporal and extratemporal areas. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET remains the most widely used imaging modality to assess cognitive-metabolic correlates in TLE, while other PET tracers and 1H-MRS are potentially underexplored. Verbal memory impairment correlates robustly with left temporal dysmetabolism. Cognitive impairment in TLE is multifaceted and correlates with measurable changes in metabolism in both temporal and extratemporal regions. While our synthesis was restricted by some methodological limitations, these neurometabolic signatures may hold promise as potential biomarkers for identifying risk of cognitive decline and highlight avenues for future research.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Influence of soil types with different soil-forming process on the qualitative and quantitative detection of microplastics by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Microplastics (MPs) have become a pressing global environmental threat, with soils-acting as sinks for MPs from multiple sources-gaining increasing attention. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers a promising tool for MPs detection due to its rapid, non-destructive, and field-applicable features. Although previous studies have focused on the effects of individual soil components on the NIR detection performance of MPs, there is still a lack of systematic research on how the complex background-formed by the coupling of multiple physicochemical properties in natural soils-affects detection performance. This study focuses on soil types with different soil-forming processes, selected five representative agricultural soils to systematically evaluate how the combinations of physicochemical properties they represented affect the performance of NIR-based qualitative and quantitative analysis of MPs in soils. The results demonstrated that soil type significantly affected both the spectral response and detection performance of MPs. Brown Pedocals and Brown Earth exhibited clearer characteristic absorption and stronger linear responses, achieving higher identification accuracy under low (<1.5 %) or zero MPs concentrations and the best quantitative performance (R2 ≥ 0.988, prediction set root mean square error (RMSEP) ≤ 0.110 %). In contrast, Phaeozem and Red Soil were more prone to misclassification at low concentrations, while Fluvo-aquic Soil showed the poorest quantitative performance. This study is the first to reveal, at a holistic level, the critical constraints posed by natural soil complexity on the NIR detection of MPs, offering targeted empirical evidence to support the application of NIR technology in real-world soil environments.

Soil↗

PubMed2026

Response-optimised training improves learning of a complex motor task and closely related motor tasks.

Regular physical exercise is essential for promoting healthy aging and longevity. In older adults with varying physical and cognitive decline, optimising exercise interventions is crucial to maximise benefits. A promising approach to achieve this goal is by adjusting task demands to individual abilities in turn preventing over- or underloading their abilities. In the field of motor learning, it is currently unclear whether such an optimised training improves not only performance on the trained task but also transfers to untrained motor and cognitive tasks. We conducted a randomized, single-blinded, 6-week dynamic balance training (DBT) with healthy older adults (n = 30). Training was tailored to individual balance ability. Participants were assigned to either suboptimal (high or low difficulty) or optimal (moderate difficulty) training groups. Transfer effects were assessed via cognitive tasks (memory and executive) and motor tasks (untrained DBT variations and other balance tasks) measured pre-, mid- and post-intervention. Multivariate longitudinal statistical analysis showed higher performance gains in the optimal training group in three out of six sessions compared to the suboptimal groups, especially under testing conditions with high task demands. The optimal group also showed greater improvements in near motor transfer tasks mid- and post-intervention, while no significant differences were observed in the cognitive tasks. Within-group DBT learning positively correlated with transfer gains, highlighting the role of training response in achieving transfer. In conclusion, optimised task difficulty in balance training enhances both task-specific performance and related motor skills, supporting the use of personalised interventions to maintain function and independence in older adults.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Molecular Diagnostics for WHO Priority Bacterial Pathogens: A Bibliometric Mapping of Diagnostic Platforms, Resistance Markers, and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Trends.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constrains effective treatment and carries implications for infection control, surveillance, and public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacterial pathogen framework has intensified the need for diagnostic innovation by redefining research priorities around organisms combining high disease burden with complex resistance profiles. Molecular diagnostics have accordingly moved beyond culture-based workflows, integrating rapid pathogen identification, resistance-marker detection, genomic surveillance, and clinical decision support. The present study conducted a bibliometric mapping of the literature on WHO priority pathogens. Rather than addressing resistance at a general level or a single pathogen or technology, it integrates priority pathogens, molecular platforms, and resistance markers within a single framework, tracing their joint thematic and temporal evolution along an explicit pathogen-platform-marker axis. Scopus-indexed articles and reviews (2000-2025) were retrieved, yielding 1746 publications after screening adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Analyses used Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, R, and VOSviewer. The literature expanded markedly after 2018, led by China and the United States. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterococcus faecium, and the Enterobacterales-carbapenemase axis constituted the principal thematic cores, whereas conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and whole-genome sequencing were the dominant platforms. Overall, the field has evolved from pathogen detection into an AMR-centered translational domain encompassing resistance prediction, genomic epidemiology, surveillance, and clinical decision support. Diagnostic development, stewardship, and surveillance depend on hybrid workflows coupling rapid marker-targeted assays with genome-based characterization, delivering actionable resistance within clinically meaningful timeframes, and extending coverage to underrepresented pathogens and platforms.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Self-selected goals outperform assigned goals in reducing mobile phone usage: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

Excessive smartphone use is increasingly recognized as a public-health concern, yet scalable approaches to help individuals regulate daily use remain limited. We examine whether allowing individuals to self-select reduction goals improves behavioral and psychological outcomes when incentives and average goal levels are held constant across conditions. In a twelve-week randomized controlled trial, (N = 149; over 9000 person-day observations), participants were assigned to (i) a self-selected condition (choosing a 10%, 20%, or 30% reduction in daily phone use), (ii) an assigned condition (assigned a 14% reduction goal), or (iii) a no-goal control condition. Participants who selected their own goals reduced phone use by 26 min more per day (73% larger reduction) and achieved their goals 11 percentage points more often than those assigned goals, despite identical incentives and average goal levels. Reductions in phone use and higher goal achievement were associated with improvements in perceived addiction, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. These psychological outcomes were secondary endpoints. Although the between-group estimates generally followed the same directional pattern as the behavioral outcomes, the sample size for these analyses was limited and the between-group differences were not statistically significant. These findings should therefore be interpreted with caution. Overall, the results provide causal field evidence that self-selection under this goal-setting design can improve behavioral outcomes. Allowing individuals to choose their own goals may strengthen engagement and support healthier digital behavior. Incorporating opportunities for goal-selection may represent a simple addition to digital-health and public-health interventions aimed at helping individuals moderate smartphone use and improve well-being.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Antegrade dissection and re-entry vs retrograde strategy in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Rationale and design of the ADRENALINE randomized study.

RATIONALE: While antegrade wiring (AW) is the most common initial strategy for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), difficult CTO lesions frequently require either antegrade dissection and re-entry (ADR) or a retrograde strategy. Comparative data between ADR and the retrograde approach remain limited. DESIGN: The Antegrade Dissection vs Retrograde re-ENtry And Load of Interventionalist Effort (ADRENALINE) is a prospective, multicenter randomized study with a superiority design. It is planned to enroll 121 patients with difficult coronary CTO (J-CTO score ≥2) referred for CTO-PCI in accordance with the hybrid algorithm. Subjects undergoing successful AW will be included in the observational arm. Patients with failed or unattempted AW will be randomized 1:1 to ADR or retrograde CTO crossing strategy (n = 74). All patients will undergo pre- and postprocedural laboratory testing (including cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for late gadolinium enhancement, and health status assessment by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and the Rose Dyspnea Scale. The co-primary endpoints are total procedure time and successful guidewire crossing. Additionally, the relationship between different recanalization strategies and stress among interventional cardiologists will be explored. CONCLUSION: ADRENALINE is the first randomized study of ADR vs retrograde strategy for difficult CTO PCI, assessing procedural outcomes, CMR-detected myocardial infarction, and 3-month quality of life. ENROLMENT STATUS: The first patient was enrolled on July 29, 2025. As of June 14, 2026, 45 patients (26 randomized, 19 observational) of the planned 121 patients have been enrolled. TRIALS REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: Identifier, NCT06878729.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omics insights into the physiological mechanisms of bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder in brumation-like snakes.

Hibernation/brumation represents an important physiological adaptation for animals to cope with seasonal environmental changes. Field observations suggested increased gallbladder weight in the Five-pacer viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) during brumation, and our quantitative measurements confirmed this increase together with bile acid accumulation. By integrating a multi-omic approach, this study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder during brumation. Results showed that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) were the major components in the gallbladder of the brumation-like group, with significantly elevated concentrations of bile acids, whereas bile acid concentrations in serum and intestinal contents were markedly reduced, indicating suppression of the enterohepatic circulation and consequent accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed significant downregulation of bile acid synthesis and regulatory genes in brumation-like snakes. In contrast, the alternative synthesis pathway gene sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and some transporter genes were slightly upregulated. Further, some modification genes and regulatory genes showed no significant differences between active and brumation-like states. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, and Citrobacter freundii were more enriched in the active group, which were common microbes related to bile acid metabolism, and the correlation analysis confirmed this relationship. Taken together, these findings indicate that the "physiological bile acid accumulation" observed in snakes during brumation-like state is jointly driven by suppressed hepatic synthesis, reduced enterohepatic circulation, and remodeled microbial community structure. The study provides novel comparative physiological insights into extreme metabolic homeostasis in animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Dynamics of soil fungal communities restored with biochar from a quarry site.

Quarrying activities have intensified due to population expansion, leading to landscape degradation and ecological destruction. Quarry restoration is usually mandatory in Hong Kong, China. Although biochar is used for sustainable soil amendment, its effectiveness in restoring quarry soil with poor properties has rarely been investigated. A 24-month field study was conducted to evaluate the ecological feasibility of restoring a quarry site by using native species (that is, Castanopsis fissa and Cyclobalanopsis edithiae) and biochar amendment. The results revealed that after 24 months, the application of biochar increased the organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium of the vegetated soil by at least 120 %, 31 % and 12 %, respectively, due to higher cation exchange capacity and better plant growth. The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased by 24 % and 47 % with biochar application when C. fissa was planted, which was likely associated with the improved nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Even though adding biochar to bare soil was found to increase the complexity of fungal co-occurrence networks, biochar application only increased fungal diversity in vegetated quarry soil but usually reduced its fungal richness. Moreover, fungal co-occurrence networks in vegetated soil became less complex, suggesting that biochar potentially helped plants to assemble specific, beneficial fungal communities. This effect is most pronounced in the soil planted with C. edithiae, where the structure of fungal communities after 24 months was significantly different from that at other restoration times. This study identifies key fungal phyla enhanced by biochar in quarry soil and provides an effective strategy for facilitating the restoration and management of degraded lands, especially quarry sites.

Charcoal↗

PubMed2026

Ultrasound protocols used to detect vascular gas emboli in divers: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Venous gas emboli (VGE) detected via ultrasound can be used as a surrogate marker for decompression stress. While Doppler ultrasound is the historical gold standard, two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography offers advantages for on-site monitoring, including a wider field of view and reduced dependence on noise-free environments. This systematic review evaluates 2D ultrasonography protocols used in decompression research since the 2015 International Meeting on Ultrasound for Diving Research, identifying methodological similarities, differences, and adherence to consensus recommendations. METHODS: A search of PubMed and Scopus identified studies using 2D ultrasound to detect VGE in divers. Inclusion criteria were: (1) use of 2D ultrasound, (2) detection of VGE or monitoring of decompression stress, (3) inclusion of a diver cohort, and (4) publication after 2015. Data extraction focused on VGE scoring systems, ultrasound hardware, measurement protocols, and operator experience. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I-V2, and compliance with the 2015 consensus recommendations was evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included. The Eftedal-Brubakk scale was most commonly used (n = 15), with cardiac ultrasound as the primary imaging modality; one study assessed a peripheral vessel. Common shortcomings included post-dive measurements lasting less than two hours, underreporting of operator experience and hardware specifications, limited individual-level data, and inappropriate use of parametric statistics for ordinal bubble grade data. No study fully complied with all consensus recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that, although two-dimensional ultrasound is widely used for post-dive VGE assessment, methodological heterogeneity with multiple shortcomings remain. Furthermore, nearly all studies restricted imaging to the heart, thus leaving peripheral vessel assessment largely unexplored.

Embolism, Air↗

PubMed2026

Screening for neurofibromatosis type 1-related optic pathway gliomas: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis-type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized by developing optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) in 15%-20% of patients with higher estimates where consanguinity is prevalent. Clinically, NF1-OPG might be unpredictable with the risk of OPG progression and visual impairment. The optimal time for screening is controversial. We aim to identify the mean/median age at diagnosis of NF1-OPG and its clinical spectrum. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted for English-language publications from January 1993 to October 2025, exploring the visual screening of OPGs in NF1 patients, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251036244). Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting the age at OPG diagnosis and visual manifestations in NF1 patients. Data were extracted on demographics, age at NF1 and OPG diagnosis, tumour location (using the Dodge classification), and presenting symptoms. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Among 4 739 NF1 patients, 818 had OPGs, with prevalence ranging from 4.2% to 46.7%. The age at NF1 diagnosis ranged from 0 to 132 months (mean: 18-38 months), and at OPG diagnosis from 0-240 months (median: 29-58 months). Approximately 58.4% of OPGs were asymptomatic, and 25% were above the age of 5 years. Among symptomatic patients, the most frequent presentations included decreased visual acuity (62%), abnormal optic disc (45%), proptosis (20%), strabismus (12%), and visual field defects (7%). CONCLUSIONS: NF1-related OPGs typically present early within 6 years of age. Early ophthalmologic and/or radiologic screening at the time of NF1 diagnosis enhances the detection of silent OPGs.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The influence of organizational culture on medication safety practices and associated risk factors in the community setting: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has been given to the role of organizational culture in influencing medication safety practices across healthcare settings. The lack of widely accepted standardized instrumentation makes operational measurement of organizational culture and medication safety challenging. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the impact of organizational culture on medication safety within community healthcare settings. METHODS: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Nursing & Allied Health were searched in August 2025 using keywords, subject terms, field codes, and Boolean operators to identify papers relevant to the review question; bibliographies of included studies were also reviewed. Screening and full-text review were completed independently by two reviewers with a third to adjudicate conflicts. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used for quality assessment. The PRISMA statement guided the development and implementation of the review. RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included representing various community settings. Most studies reported on untoward medication events, but few measured systematically collected safety data before and after an intervention. Organizational culture was seldom defined or operationalized. Most studies were methodologically sound, but the overall level of evidence was weak to moderate. CONCLUSION: Organizational culture influences medication safety through aspects such as communication channels, teamwork, training, and an environment that allows error and near-miss reporting. Few studies explicitly evaluate the causal impact of culture interventions on measurable medication safety outcomes in community healthcare settings. Further research should incorporate standardized measurement tools and intervention-based, pre-post designs to better understand how organizational culture influences medication safety in community healthcare settings.

Organizational Culture↗

PubMed2026

Molecular characterization and biological characteristics of a highly pathogenic recombinant ALV-J strain (HUE2023) with cross-clade gp85 recombination.

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) has undergone extensive diversification into phylogenetically distinct clades, yet whether recombination between these clades within the gp85 envelope glycoprotein generates variants with altered pathogenicity has received little direct investigation. A field strain (HUE2023) was recovered from breeding roosters displaying vascular tumors. The viral genome was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and recombination analyses. The three-dimensional structure of gp85 was predicted with AlphaFold3; electrostatic surface potentials and surface hydrophobicity were computed using the Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver and the Eisenberg hydrophobicity scale, respectively. Pathogenicity and immunosuppressive effects were assessed in Hy-Line Brown chickens. Recombination analysis revealed that HUE2023 is an inter-clade recombinant derived from Clade 1.1 (major parent: JS14NT01) and Clade 1.2 (minor parent: JS09GY3). A single-residue deletion at position 61 within receptor-binding domain 1 (RBD-1), unique to the recombinant, induced a localized conformational rearrangement that generated a concentrated electronegative surface patch and a contiguous hydrophobic pocket not observed in either parental gp85. Animal challenge showed that HUE2023 is highly pathogenic: female chickens in the high-dose group reached only 61% survival and displayed significant growth retardation (P < 0.05) together with marked immunosuppression. The recombination in the RBD-1 led to local conformational rearrangement, resulting in a concentrated and negatively charged surface area as well as a continuous hydrophobic pocket, which were never present in any of the parental gp85 sequences. These results indicate that gp85 recombination across clades can yield variants with fundamentally altered receptor-binding surfaces and argue for integrating structural surveillance into ALV-J monitoring programmes.

Animals↗