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PubMed1990

Treatment of virulent footrot with lincomycin and spectinomycin.

A mixture of lincomycin and spectinomycin was investigated as a treatment for footrot in sheep. In a controlled clinical trial 92.5% of acute and chronic cases of virulent footrot were cured following a single intramuscular injection of a mixture containing 50 mg lincomycin and 100 mg spectinomycin/ml at a dose rate of 1 ml/10 kg bodyweight. No improvement in clinical response was observed in groups of sheep treated on 3 successive days with this dose rate nor in another group treated once at a dose rate 1 ml/3.3 kg bodyweight. Cure effectiveness of each of the 3 treatment groups relative to untreated controls was 89%, 95% and 95%. Efficacy of lincomycin/spectinomycin was compared with that of penicillin/streptomycin in the treatment of footrot on 2 farms in south western New South Wales. Assessments made 14 to 17 d after treatment showed that on one farm all 122 ewes treated with lincomycin/spectinomycin had recovered while 170 of 175 ewes treated with penicillin/streptomycin recovered in the same period. On the second farm 87 of 90 ewes treated with lincomycin/spectinomycin recovered, compared with 184 of 190 sheep in the same flock treated with penicillin/streptomycin. Supportive footbathing did not seem to improve the clinical response in either treatment group and the paring done was sufficient only to establish diagnosis and to remove grossly overgrown horn.

Animals↗

PubMed1972

Activity of two chlorinated lincomycin analogues against chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in owl monkeys.

The chloroquine-resistant Oak Knoll strain of Plasmodium falciparum, recently adapted to the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), was insusceptible to chloroquine therapy. Two chlorinated lincomycin analogues tested in this host-parasite system cured blood-induced infections. Acute infections were treated orally for 7 consecutive days with either 15 or 75 mg of clindamycin hydrochloride (U-21) per kg per day, 10 or 50 mg of N-demethyl-4'-pentyl clindamycin hydrochloride (U-24) per kg per day, or 20 mg of chloroquine base per kg per day. These lincomycin analogues cleared trophozoites from the peripheral blood by the end of the 7-day treatment period. The speed of clearance of parasites was not dose-related, but curative activity appeared dependent upon the amount of drug given as well as the number of daily treatments. The efficacy of U-21 and U-24 is of particular interest since they represent major structural departures from compounds commonly used in the treatment of malaria.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Effect of clindamycin, erythromycin, lincomycin, and tetracycline on growth and extracellular lipase production by propionibacteria in vitro.

Two propionibacteria identified as Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum were grown anaerobically in the presence of growth subinhibitory concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 minimal inhibitory concentrations) of clindamycin, erythromycin, lincomycin, and tetracycline. Viable counts and assays of extracellular lipase were performed on samples taken at 24-h intervals over a 96-h period. The results showed that lincomycin and clindamycin could inhibit the production of the enzyme by both strains with little effect on their growth rates. Tetracycline caused inhibition of lipase production by P. granulosum only. Although production of the enzyme by P. acnes was delayed in the presence of tetracycline, the final titer was the same as the control. Erythromycin had little effect on growth and enzyme production of either strain. It is possible, therefore, that certain antibiotics used in acne therapy may act not only as bactericidal agents but also as inhibitors of enzyme production under non-growth-limiting conditions.

Clindamycin↗

PubMed1973

Inducible and constitutive resistance to macrolide antibiotics and lincomycin in clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pyogenes.

STUDIES ON ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE IN STRAINS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI INDICATED THAT THEY WERE COMPRISED OF TWO TYPES: (i) an inducible, resistant type (IR strains) was seen, which manifested immediate logarithmic growth in media containing high concentrations of the drug only after brief previous exposure (induction period) of the organisms to subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, and (ii) a constitutive, resistant type (CR strains) which demonstrated, without prior drug exposure, continued logarithmic growth in media containing high concentrations of erythromycin. Subinhibitory concentrations of either chloramphenicol or puromycin, when added to IR strains prior to induction, interfered with their induction by erythromycin. Exposure of CR strains to chloramphenicol did not visibly affect the subsequent growth curve of these strains in media containing high concentrations of erythromycin. In IR strains, resistance to other macrolide antibiotics (oleandomycin, spiramycin, carbomycin, magnamycin) and to lincomycin also was inducible in nature. There was cross-inducibility between erythromycin, other macrolide antibiotics, and lincomycin. CR strains were constitutively resistant to these antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1983

Production of cholera toxin-like toxin by Vibrio mimicus and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae: batch culture conditions for optimum yields and isolation of hypertoxigenic lincomycin-resistant mutants.

Vibrio mimicus 61892, isolated in 1977 from a case of watery diarrhea in Bangladesh, produces an enterotoxin which possesses activity in Y-1 mouse adrenal cells and in rabbit ileal loops which is identical to the prototype cholera toxin (CT) produced by Vibrio cholerae 569B. The neutralization of the adrenal cell activity of 61892 toxin and 569B CT by homologous and heterologous antisera generates parallel titration curves which show complete neutralization in all cases. Paired titrations in the ganglioside GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (using either CT or Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin antitoxin) of both toxins indicates that 61892 toxin is antigenically indistinguishable from 569B CT. The specific activity of the two toxins in the rabbit ileal loop is virtually identical. Batch culture production of CT-like toxin and CT by isolates of V. mimicus and different biotypes of V. cholerae was found to be highest in shake flask cultures of Casamino Acids-yeast extract broth grown at 27 degrees C with vigorous aeration. Incorporation of lincomycin into the growth medium at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml increased yields from wild-type strains. Dramatically higher yields were obtained when a spontaneous resistance mutant of strain 61892 was grown in the presence of 200 to 300 micrograms of lincomycin per ml. Under these conditions, yields of CT-like toxin were increased by 300- to 500-fold, and the highest yields reached more than 100 micrograms/ml after 44 h of culture. This is substantially higher than that reported in the literature for CT production by any strain of V. cholerae, including hypertoxigenic strain 569B.

Bacterial Toxins↗

PubMed1972

Lincomycins in the treatment of bacteroides infections.

Lincomycin, or the closely related derivative clindamycin, was used to treat six patients with bacteroides infection. In five of the six there was a rapid clinical response to the treatment. Lincomycin and clindamycin seem to be the antibiotics of choice for such infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1969

Clinical trial of lincomycin hydrochloride in Reiter's disease.

A double-blind trial comparing lincomycin hydrochloride (Mycivin) and placebo in 22 patients with Reiter's disease showed no significant difference in clinical or laboratory findings between the two groups. It is concluded that lincomycin hydrochloride is no more effective than placebo in the treatment of Reiter's disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1968

Trial of phenoxymethylpenicillin, phenethicillin, and lincomycin in treatment of staphylococcal sepsis in a casualty department.

A comparative trial of phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), phenethicillin (Broxil), and lincomycin (Lincocin) against superficial staphylococcal infections seen in a casualty department showed no difference in the efficacy of the three agents, though half the staphylococci isolated were resistant to penicillin. Possible reasons include the fact that antibiotic treatment may not affect superficial staphylococcal infections, or that the organisms concerned may have been weak formers of penicillinase.Half the patients treated with lincomycin complained of diarrhoea and 5% of those treated with phenethicillin suffered from nausea.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Effect of lincomycin on lipase formation by Staphylococcus aureus.

The production of Staphylococcus aureus lipase could be inhibited by addition of 0.1 mug/ml lincomycin to the media without affecting growth. Addition of the same amount of drug at various stages of growth inhibited further enzyme production. The enzymatic activity of the lipase could not be inhibited at a concentration of 2.5 mug/ml lincomycin.

Enzyme Activation↗

PubMed1995

Influence of the antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin on aflatoxicosis when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets of growing swine.

Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and the antibiotics lincomycin (L) and tylosin (T) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Six barrows (3 replicates of 2 each, mean body weight 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups (for a total of 36): 0 mg L, 0 mg T, and 0 mg AF/kg of feed (control); 220 mg L/kg of feed (200 g/ton); 110 mg T/kg of feed (100 g/ton); 2.5 mg AF/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 220 mg L/kg of feed; 2.5 mg AF plus 110 mg T/kg of feed. Barrows were administered their respective diets for 28 days. Body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption were reduced by the AF alone, the AF plus L, and the AF plus T treatments, compared with control, L, and T treatments. Altered serum biochemical or hematologic measurements induced by AF treatments included increased serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and mean cell hemoglobin, decreased serum concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total protein, and urea nitrogen, and decreased lymphoblastogenic response. Liver weight was increased, and microscopic lesions were consistent with those observed in cases of aflatoxicosis. With some other minor exceptions for hematologic and immunologic variables, these data indicate that the feed antibiotics lincomycin and tylosin, when added to aflatoxin-contaminated diets, do not have beneficial or detrimental effects on aflatoxicosis in growing swine.

Aflatoxins↗

PubMed2001

Enzymatic glycosylation of lincomycin.

Lincomycin (1), a glycosidic antibiotic, active against Gram-positive bacteria, was modified enzymatically with the aim of improving its physico-chemical and biological properties. Compound 1 was glycosylated using jack bean alpha-mannosidase to produce 7-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-lincomycin (2).

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1979

Effects of cloxacillin, doxycycline, fusidic acid and lincomycin on the mechanical properties of bone and skin in young rats.

The influence of cloxacillin, doxycycline, fuside acid and lincomycin on the mechanical properties of bone and skin in young rats was examined. The concentrations of the antibiotics in plasma corresponded to therapeutic levels in man. After 14 days of medication the weights of the rats receiving cloxacillin or doxycycline were significantly less when compared with the controls. The doxycycline, the fusidic acid and the lincomycin treated rats had reduced longitudinal growth of femur and reduced tensile strength of intact skin. No differences between any of the antibiotic groups and the control group were found in the tensile strength of incisional skin wounds or in the mechanical properties of the femur and tibia.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline, chlortetracycline and lincomycin-spectinomycin on E. coli infection of young chickens.

Three replicate trials were conducted with broiler male chicks to test the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline, chlortetracycline and lincomycin-spectinomycin in water against an artifically induced Escherichia coli infection. Mortality, lesion scores (heart, liver and air sac), and performance data were the criteria in evaluating therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. Results indicated the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline was greater than chlortetracycline and lincomycin-spectinomycin.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1976

Lincomycin-clindamycin-associated psuedomembranous colitis.

Five cases of lincomycin-clindamycin-associated acute pseudomembranous colitis, demonstrating a spectrum of clinical, histological and radiological severity, were encountered over a five-months period. All patients presented with watery diarrhoea without the passage of macroscopic blood or pus. Two patients were seriously ill with fulminant colitis, but responded rapidly to corticosteroids given parenterally and supportive therapy. The diagnosis of acute colitis should be considered in all patients developing diarrhoea during or up to three weeks after beginning therapy with lincomycin or clindamycin and can be confirmed by sigmoidoscopic examination. Withdrawal of the antibiotic and symptomatic treatment is appropriate for mild cases of colitis, but our experience suggests that corticosteroid therapy is safe and effective in severe cases. Indiscriminate use of these antibiotics should be avoided.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Identification and determination of oxytetracycline, tiamulin, lincomycin, and spectinomycin in veterinary preparations by thin-layer chromatography/densitometry.

A thin-layer chromatographic/densitometric method was developed for the identification and quantitation of oxytetracycline, tiamulin, lincomycin, and spectinomycin in veterinary preparations. Silica gel-coated thin layer chromatography plates and 2 mobile phases were used to separate these constituents. The appropriate compositions of the suitable mobile phases were established: 10% citric acid solution-n-hexane-ethanol (80 + 1 + 1, v/v) and n-butanol-ethanol-chloroform-25% ammonia (4 + 5 + 2 + 5, v/v). Along with Rf values and spot colors, direct UV and visual densitometric measurements were used for identification. Similar measuring ranges were used for quantitative analysis to obtain repeatable and reliable results for the preparations examined. The results of the quantitative analysis are characterized by a small confidence interval and are close to the declared contents of active constituents: oxytetracycline 30.01 +/- 0.38 g at lambda = 350 nm and 30.24 +/- 0.86 g at lambda = 430 nm; tiamulin, 10.19 +/- 0.86 g at lambda = 450 nm; lincomycin, 2.27 +/- 0.08 g at lambda = 278 nm; and spectinomycin, 2.18 +/- 0.07 g at lambda = 421 nm. The recoveries for all antibiotics ranged from 100.01 to 102.54%.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1976

Prevention of swine dysentery with a combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin and resistance of swine dysentery to tylosin and sodium arsanilate.

The addition of a combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin to feed at the total concentrations of 44 and 77 mg/kg, beginning at the time of exposure and continuing for 8 weeks, prevented experimentally induced swine dysentery in swine. The disease did not develop after the medication was withdrawn. In contrast, swine dysentery, similar to that seen in the nonmedicated swine, did develop in simultaneously exposed swine treated with feed containing either 44 mg of tylosin or 99 mg sodium arsanilate/kg. The swine fed sodium arsanilate and which developed hemorrhagic diarrhea had a more severe form of this type of diarrhea than did the nonmedicated swine. After reexposure to inefective inoculum of swine dysentery 86 days after initial exposure, all remaining swine previously medicated with either tylosin or sodium arsanilate and all nonmedicated swine were immune; whereas 17 of the 24 swine fed the combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin were susceptible to swine dysentery and developed diarrhea.

Aniline Compounds↗

PubMed1992

Plasmids determining enzymatic inactivation of lincomycin in Staphylococcus epidermidis. A preliminary report.

Coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains isolated from immunocompromised patients harboured in 41% non-MLS type lincomycin resistance determinant. Two kinds of resistance plasmids were detected in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates of this origin in connection with lincomycin resistance. One of them represented by pBI1 and pBI84 (1.4 Md in size) determines no other resistance marker. The pBI109PGL plasmid determines also penicillinase production and aminoglycoside resistance, its molecular mass is 31 Md. Hybridization using linA, linA' and linA-like specific gene probes suggested occurrence of genes of lincosamid-inactivating enzyme belonging to the lin gene family but differring from the previously characterized determinants.

Conjugation, Genetic↗

PubMed1991

[The therapy of odontogenic abscesses. Pharmacological experimentation with lincomycin or amoxicillin].

A clinical and microbiological study was carried out to assess the therapeutic efficacy of two different antibiotics, lincomycin and amoxicillin, in the treatment of patients suffering from odontogenic abscesses. Microbiological analyses revealed that the majority of infections were supported by mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. The assessment of clinical parameters clearly showed that patients receiving pharmacological treatment with lincomycin achieved a more rapid and efficacious recovery from disease in comparison to patients treated with amoxicillin.

Abscess↗