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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparison of the life table characteristics of Anopheles sergentii (Diptera: Culicidae) from two malarious areas in Egypt.

Life table characteristics were examined for the malaria vector, An. serenti from two Faiyum villages: Tersa (T) and El Nazlah (N) from Siwa oasis (Sw) under constant laboratory conditions at 25 degrees C and 70% RH. Females of T, N and Sw completed 4, 5, and 2 gonotrophic cycles (gc) respectively. The first gc required a significantly longer period (p<0.05) than the subsequent ones. Development times for Sw immatures were longer (p<0.05) than for the other colonies. Life expectancies at emergence for males of the 3 colonies were significantly shorter than for their respective females. Generation time was shorter (p<0.05) for T (mean = 31.15 days) than for Sw (37.81 days) or N (43.64 days) colonies. The birth rate of Sw colony (mean = 0.33 female female/female) was significantly higher (p<O.05) than those of the other colonies. The other biological parameters: fecundity, egg hatch times and rates, survivorship from egg eclosion to adult emergence, male and survivorships, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase all showed no colony variations. The study concluded that variation among colonies in certain biological aspects may not reflect strain differences.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The use of model life tables to estimate mortality for the United States in the late nineteenth century.

This paper seeks to extend our knowledge about mortality in the late nineteenth century United States by using census mortality data for older children and teenagers to fit model tables. The same method can also be used with partially underregistered death data. The most commonly used model tables, the Coale and Demeny West Model, apparently do not adequately depict the changing shape of mortality over the period 1850--1910. An alternative model life table system is presented, based on the Brass two parameter logit system and available reliable life tables from the period 1850--1910. The two parameter system must be reduced to a one parameter system by means of estimated relationships between the parameters so that the fitting procedure can be used. The resulting model system is, however, heavily dependent on the experience of northern, industrial states, especially Massachusetts.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1993

Femoropopliteal and femorotibial greater saphenous vein "in situ" reconstructions in non selected patients. Life table analysis.

594 non selected "in situ" reconstructions were analyzed retrospectively using the life table method. Especially after immediate occlusion the cumulative patency rate is unsatisfactory (33.1% vs 62.3% after 6 years). Patency rates are influenced by the anastomotic site and mainly by run off conditions. The number of patent tibial arteries seems to be the most important determinant. These results prove to be statistically significant.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Life tables and reproductive parameters of Lutzomyia spinicrassa (Diptera: Psychodidae) under laboratory conditions.

Lutzomyia spinicrassa is a vector of Leishmania braziliensis in Colombia. This sand fly has a broad geographical distribution in Colombia and Venezuela and it is found mainly in coffee plantations. Baseline biological growth data of L. spinicrassa were obtained under experimental laboratory conditions. The development time from egg to adult ranged from 59 to 121 days, with 12.74 weeks in average. Based on cohorts of 100 females, horizontal life table was constructed. The following predictive parameters were obtained: net rate of reproduction (8.4 females per cohort female), generation time (12.74 weeks), intrinsic rate of population increase (0.17), and finite rate of population increment (1.18). The reproductive value for each class age of the cohort females was calculated. Vertical life tables were elaborated and mortality was described for the generation obtained of the field cohort. In addition, for two successive generations, additive variance and heritability for fecundity were estimated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Outcome of parenteral gold therapy in RA patients: a comparison between two periods using life-table analysis.

Tolerance and outcome of parenteral gold therapy were compared using life-table analysis and ARA remission criteria between 151 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated in 1983 and in 210 patients treated in 1985. The total risk of termination of therapy was significantly higher in patients treated in 1983 than those treated in 1985. The most common causes were mucocutaneous reactions (41 and 25% in 1983 and 1985, respectively), unsatisfactory effect (15 and 25%) and practical problems (14 and 26%). The outcome regarding all ARA remission criteria except for fatigue (not systematically registered) was significantly more favourable in patients treated in 1985 than in those treated in 1983.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Pregnancy-related dropouts and gender inequality in education: a life-table approach and application to Cameroon.

In this study, I used a life-table approach to estimate how much hypothetical reductions in pregnancy-related dropouts would help close the gender gap in educational attainment. Using the schooling histories of 6,686 pupils, I partitioned Cameroon's gender gap in education into "pregnancy-related" and "non-pregnancy-related" components and simulated the impact of reductions in pregnancy-related dropouts on this gap. The results suggest that such reductions would have substantial payoffs in this setting, but payoffs would be the greatest where societies also address gender inequities before puberty and outside the realm of pregnancy. Reductions in pregnancy-related dropouts complement but do not replace efforts to reduce gender discrimination in schooling. Recent data from Demographic and Health Surveys should make it possible to extend this analysis to other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Life tables with concomitant information.

A regression model for the analysis of survival data adjusting for concomitant information is developed. The model presented can lead to the log linear exponential model (Glasser [1967]) and the life table regression model of Cox [1972]. In addition, the model described can be used to analyze data from the commonly employed actuarial life table. A discussion of the special case where one is comparing two survival curves is presented. The methods developed are illustrated using data from a clinical trial investigating treatments for lung cancer.

Biometry↗
PubMed1983

On a modification of life table technique for analysis of birth interval data and its application.

"This paper presents some modifications [of] the usual life table technique to analyse the data on the time of first birth and inter live birth intervals which are compiled from the birth histories of females, of varying marital durations, enumerated in a retrospective survey." The fact that a female may not be exposed to the risk of conception following childbirth or marriage, because of postpartum amenorrhea or of customs involving visits to parents, is taken into account. A method to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the conditional risk of conception is given, and an analysis of birth intervals is presented using this technique and data for India from the Rural Development and Population Growth--A Sample Survey 1978.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1992

[Re-evaluation with abridged life tables of the prognosis of lung cancer patients who underwent surgical therapy].

Some lung cancer patients after surgical treatment die as a result of pneumonia or cardiac failure without recurrence of lung cancer months or years after surgery because many such patients are aged or have decreased lung function. Surgical treatment may be partly to blame for these deaths. In this article, to evaluate the contribution of surgical treatment to deaths resulting from other disease, we calculate predicted survival rates using abridged life tables and compute relative survival rates. From 1952 to 1985, a total of 1289 lung cancer patients underwent surgical resection of lung cancer in our department. We calculated some kind of survival rates according to age, stage, and operative procedure. Each case was classified according to age (5-year periods), year of operation (5-year periods), and sex. The 5-year survival rate indicated by the abridged life tables in each class was regarded as the 5-year predicted survival rate of the case. The mean of 5-year predicted survival rates of all cases in a group was regarded as being the 5-year predicted survival rate of the group. The ratio (actual survival rate of the group/predicted survival rate of the group) was also calculated. The ratio of the patients who had stage O, I, or II diseases tended to decrease according to age. This fact supposed that the number of deaths resulting from other diseases with no recurrence of lung cancer in which surgical treatment contributed to death increased in the elderly. In the other hand, this tendency did not exist in the patients who had stage IIIA diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sublethal effects of imidacloprid and pymetrozine on the life table parameters of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae).

In this study we report the sublethal effects of recommended concentrations of imidacloprid and pymetrozine on cotton aphid's reproduction. Fecundity life table parameters for AG were studied on cucumber under conditions of 25+/-1 degrees C, 70+/-5% RH and photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Leaf discs of cucumber immersed in the recommended concentrations of the above mentioned insecticides and controls and the new born female was released on the lower surface of leaf discs. Values of parameters such as adult longevity and daily fecundity rate were recorded. Standard error of population growth parameter was calculated using the Jacknife method. The results show that these two insecticides significantly reduce life table parameters compared with control.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Life table methods applied to use of medical care and of prescription drugs in early childhood.

Life table methods were applied to analyses of longitudinal data on the use of medical care during the first 5 years of life among all 1701 children born in a Swedish semirural municipality. Cumulative proportions of the children who had used particular types of medical care or prescription drugs at least once by certain ages were estimated. By the fifth birthday, 98% had made at least one visit to any physician and 82% at least one visit to a paediatrician. By the fifth birthday at least one prescription for antibiotics had been purchased at a pharmacy by 82%; and 33% had been admitted to inpatient hospital care at least once (excluding immediate postnatal care). Acute conditions and more chronic diseases were also studied using these methods. At least one visit to a physician at a primary health care centre had been made for acute otitis media in 65% of 5 year olds and for atopic dermatitis in 8%.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1992

Temperature influence on life table statistics of the chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae).

An age-specific life table for the chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae (DeGeer, 1778) was based on various observations carried out at 25 degrees C. The generation time was calculated to be 16.8 days; the intrinsic rate of natural increase was 0.12 per day, and the net reproductive rate was 7.2. A nonlinear function was found satisfactory to describe the developmental rate of the different immature life-stages at temperatures below 40 degrees C. The stage-specific survival of the immature life-stages was generally high between 10 and 37 degrees C, but decreased quickly outside this temperature range. Most of the eggs were laid during the first three weeks of the adult life. The proportion of surviving females rapidly decreases after moulting to the adult stage. At a temperature of 30 degrees C, the highest number of eggs (3 eggs per day) was laid.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Accounting for time: insights from a life-table analysis of the efficacy of medical abortion.

OBJECTIVE: Previously published analyses have ignored the temporal nature of medical abortion and calculated effectiveness as the proportion of abortions that succeed. By using life tables, we incorporate the important element of time to produce unbiased efficacy rates as well as afford insight into the medical abortion process. STUDY DESIGN: Using data on 6568 women from 6 previously published mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion studies, we generated multidecrement life table efficacy curves and evaluated the cumulative probability of successful medical abortion. RESULTS: Efficacy rates calculated using proportions are biased because of loss to follow-up. Compliance with the medical abortion regimen was high. More than 80% of abortions were complete within a week of receiving mifepristone. Success continued to improve thereafter. Most surgical interventions were unnecessary. CONCLUSION: Follow-up visits can be scheduled within a week of receiving mifepristone; however, aspirations should not be performed routinely if the abortion is not complete.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On inequality before death and life table: summary measures.

This study suggests the use of 2 new summary indices of the level and structure of mortality, called equivalent lengths of life. These are adjusted life expectancies, a correction being made for the dispersion and eventually also for the asymmetry of the distribution of ages at death. Their computation is based on the use of Gini's Mean Difference. A short illustration is also presented, based on Italian life tables for the period 1881-1970.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Calculation of survival rates by the life table and other methods.

The last few years have seen the introduction of medical statistics into the curriculum for MB, BS and for the FFR. Also, an increasing number of clinical trials have considered statistics at the planning stage of the trial, rather than only at the end point. However, there is one particular aspect of medical statistics which has consistently been neglected, namely, technique in calculating survival rates for cancer patients. All too often, a direct method of calculation, see section 3.1, is used when a life table method would provide a better estimate. The life table, or actuarial method, was first described in a medical context by Greenwood (1926), and later by Merrell and Shulman (1955) and Cutler and Ederer (1958). It has however, not been explained in detail in a British journal. The objective of the present paper is to remedy, this fact so that it can be used more widely in the future in preference to a direct method.

Humans↗