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Two hemoglobin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: the evolutionary origins of leghemoglobins.

We cloned two hemoglobin genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. One gene, AHB1, is related in sequence to the family of nonsymbiotic hemoglobin genes previously identified in a number of plant species (class 1). The second hemoglobin gene, AHB2, represents a class of nonsymbiotic hemoglobin (class 2) related in sequence to the symbiotic hemoglobin genes of legumes and Casuarina. The properties of these two hemoglobins suggest that the two families of nonsymbiotic hemoglobins may differ in function from each other and from the symbiotic hemoglobins. AHB1 is induced, in both roots and rosette leaves, by low oxygen levels. Recombinant AHB1 has an oxygen affinity so high as to make it unlikely to function as an oxygen transporter. AHB2 is expressed at a low level in rosette leaves and is low temperature-inducible. AHB2 protein has a lower affinity for oxygen than AHB1 but is similar to AHB1 in having an unusually low, pH-sensitive oxygen off-rate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

[Lupine leghemoglobin affinity to ligands. The effect of pH and buffer nature].

The myoglobin-like haemoprotein leghaemoglobin (Lb I) from lupine root nodules has a great affinity to molecular oxygen and seems to be involved in O2-transport. Some ligands of low molecular weight are supposed to affect the haemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mo) function in O2-transport. To investigate this possibility for lupine Lb I, the affinity of this protein to cyanide (CN-), azide (N3-), fluoride (F-), thiocyanate (NCS-), imidazole (Im), nicotinic acid (NA), acetic acid has been investigated, using: 0.05 M MES, pH 5.2-6.5; 0.1 M Na-phosphate in 0.05 M Tris-buffer, pH 6.5-9.0. The affinity for Lb I to N3-, CN-, F- and NA (the Bohr effect) was found to be pH-dependent. The values of PK ionization for the groups affecting the ligands binding were determined. The positive correlation between the ligand affinity and the ligand power was found. Lb I appears to have the greatest ligand affinity constants when compared with other haemoproteins of this class.

Acetates↗

[Separation of leghemoglobin from the nodules of lupine, Lupinus luteus L., into components].

The crude leghaemoglobin suspension from root nodules of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) was separated into five fractions: I, IIa and IIb, IIIa and IIIb using the chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (numbered following the elution order). The visible absorption spectra show that fractions I, IIa and IIIa are met-leghaemoglobins while IIb and IIIb are oxy-forms. IIb and IIIb were converted to IIa and IIIa respectively when oxidized with potassium ferricyanide. The determination of two first N-terminal amino acids confirms the identity of pairs IIa-IIb and IIIa-IIIb. Three components of leghaemoglobin were obtained having the following N-terminal amino acids: Gly-Val- (the first), Gly-Ala- (the second), Ala-Val- (the third). The molecular weights obtained by Archibald's method are 17 900, 17 600, 18 800 respectively. The second leghaemoglobin species which contains more than 50% of the starting protein mixture was used to grow crystals for X-ray study of the tertiary structure of this protein.

Amino Acids↗