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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A comparison of the oropharyngeal leak pressure between the reusable Classic laryngeal mask airway and the single-use Soft Seal laryngeal mask airway.

We tested the oropharyngeal leak pressure with the reusable laryngeal mask airway and the single-use Soft Seal laryngeal mask airway. These two types of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) have a similar design but the reusable LMA cuff is made from silicone whereas the Soft Seal LMA cuff is polyvinylchloride. Thirty-five healthy subjects were anaesthetized and paralyzed and the two types of Soft Seal LMA were compared in a blinded randomized cross-over trial. The oropharyngeal leak pressure was significantly higher with the Soft Seal than the reuable (21 +/- 7.6 and 16 +/- 6.7 cm H2O respectively, P = 0.002). However, in four subjects the oropharyngeal leak pressure was higher with the reusable by > 4 cm H2O. We concluded that the reusable LMA may provide a better seal in some individuals but that, on average, the Soft Seal provides a higher oropharyngeal leak pressure than the reusable LMA.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Emergency airway management by intensive care unit nurses with the intubating laryngeal mask airway and the laryngeal tube.

When using the laryngeal tube and the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), the medium-size (maximum volume 1100 ml) versus adult (maximum volume 1500 ml) self-inflating bags resulted in significantly lower lung tidal volumes. No gastric inflation occurred when using both devices with either ventilation bag. The newly developed medium-size self-inflating bag may be an option to further reduce the risk of gastric inflation while maintaining sufficient lung ventilation. Both the ILMA and laryngeal tube proved to be valid alternatives for emergency airway management in the experimental model used.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparative study of the laryngeal innervation in humans and animals employed in laryngeal transplantation research.

Laryngeal transplantation is receiving increased attention. Re-innervation of the transplanted larynx is critical for a successful functional outcome. Different anatomical models (dog, cat, rat, pig) have been employed for experimental purposes. Interspecies similarities and differences are important for extrapolating the experimental results to humans. We present a review of the anatomical course and regional branching patterns of the laryngeal nerves in both humans and animals currently being employed in laryngeal transplantation. The clinical and surgical implications are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma associated with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.

The speculation whether juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis may transform into or be associated with epidermoid carcinoma is explored. We document a case of invasive laryngeal carcinoma arising in preexisting juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. After multiple childhood laryngoscopies and a tracheotomy, a 54-year-old, 30-pack per year smoker, who had never received radiation therapy, developed a florid exophytic transglottic squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, the invasive epidermoid carcinoma was surrounded by a field of papillomata with varying degrees of atypical changes. After total laryngectomy, isolated papillomata were found in the lower trachea. There were no cervical lymph node metastases. No postoperative radiation therapy was given. Persistent squamous papillomata in the tracheostomy site, the lower trachea, and the posterior pharynx were treated with the CO2 laser. We emphasize the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for malignancy. In addition, we review the problem of benign papillomata in the aerodigestive tract following laryngectomy.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Asbestos fibers in laryngeal tissues. Findings in two patients with asbestosis associated with laryngeal tumors.

Significant concentrations of asbestos fibers have been found in samples of laryngeal tissue from two patients with past exposure to asbestos and associated asbestosis. In one case, there was a polyp on a vocal cord and in the other one a laryngeal carcinoma. These findings could provide an indication of a local carcinogenic effect of asbestos fibers in laryngeal tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Local treatment with human laryngeal squamous carcinoma draining lymph node lymphocytes in nude mice bearing human laryngeal carcinoma xenografts].

OBJECTIVE: To increase the number of the tumor draining lymph nodes lymphocytes (TDLNLs) in tumor site and study its anti-tumor effect. METHODS: Interleukin 2-activated TDLNLs were administrated by local injection in 10 nude mice bearing human laryngeal cancer at 10(7) cells/mouse, once a week for two weeks. As a control, 10 nude mice bearing human laryngeal cancer were injected with D-Hanks buffer solution. RESULTS: The volume and weight of TDLNLs treated tumors were significantly reduced in comparison with those of the control (P < 0.05). The observed histopathologic characteristics of treated tumors were tumor necrotic foci and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in tumor and around tumor vessels. Proliferation of spleen nodules was also observed in the treatment group. Remote metastasis was not found in this group. In contrast with the control group, tumor necrosis and proliferation of spleen nodules were not observed and infiltration of lymphocytes in the tumor was not significant. There was a lung metastasis in the control group. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TDLNLs is effective against human laryngeal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. It also could stimulate the immunoresponse of hosts and probably decrease the chance of tumor metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Preservation of laryngeal function in surgical treatment of T3 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility,surgical techniques and the clinical curative effect of preservation of laryngeal function in surgical treatment of T3 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (SLC). METHOD: A retrospective review of 70 cases with T3 SLC that we treated from 1994 to 2003 were accomplished. All of the cases were treated with partial laryngectomy. Among them, 42 cases underwent supraglottic horizontal partial laryngectomy, 19 supraglottic horizontovertical laryngectomy, 8 supracricoid partial laryngectomy and 1 near total laryngectomy. All patients were received postoperation radiotherapy with the dosage for 50-60 Gy. RESULT: The 3 year and 5 year-survival rates were 79.2% and 68.4%, respectively. Out of the 70 cases, 60 cases were decannulated with a decannulation rate of 85.7%. The normal diet was resumed in all patients, no buckling and dysphagia obviously. All patients had their successful phonation, no one failure for laryngotracheal atresia. CONCLUSION: It is feasibility to preservative laryngeal function in surgical treatment of T3 SLC, if surgeons master indications correctly, use many kinds restorative procedure expertly and improve surgical skill.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The superior laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal artery].

Length, diameter and anastomoses of the nervus vagus and its ganglion inferius were measured 44 halved heads. On the average, 8.65 fiber bundles of the vagus nerve leave the retro-olivary area. In the area of the jugular foramen is the near superior ganglion of the 10th cranial nerve. In this area were found 1.48 (mean value) anastomoses with the 9th cranial nerve. 11.34 mm below the margo terminalis sigmoidea branches off the ramus internus of the accessory nerve which has a length of 9.75 mm. Further anastomoses with the 10th cranial nerve were found. The inferior ganglion of the 10th nerve had a length of 25.47 mm and a diameter of 3.46 mm. Five mm below the ganglion the 10th nerve had a width of 2.9 and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The mean length of the superior sympathetic ganglion was 26.6 mm, its width 7.2 and its thickness 3.4 mm. In nearly all specimens anastomoses of the superior sympathetic ganglion with the ansa cervicalis profunda and the inferior ganglion of the 10th cranial nerve were found. The superior laryngeal nerve branches off about 36 mm below the margo terminalis sigmoidea. The width of this nerve was 1.9 mm, its thickness 0.8 mm on the right and 1.0 mm on the left side. The division in the internal and external rami was found about 21 mm below its origin. Between the n. vagus and thyreohyoid membrane the ramus internus had a length of 64 mm, the length of external ramus between the vagal nerve and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle was 89 mm. Its mean length below the thyreopharyngeal part was 10.7 mm, 8.6 branchlets to the cricothyroid muscle were counted. The superior laryngeal artery had its origin in 80% of cases in the superior thyroideal artery, in 6.8% this vessel was a branch of the external carotid artery. Its average outer diameter was 1.23 mm on the right side and 1.39 mm on the left. The length of this vessel between its origin and the thyreohyoid membrane was 34 mm. In 7% on the right side and in 13% on the left, the superior laryngeal artery reached the larynx through a foramen thyreoideum. Ranges of diameters and lengths of vessels and nerves in the larynx are given.

Arteries↗
PubMed1995

[Approach to the laryngeal reflex through the study of laryngeal evoked potentials from the brainstem in rabbits].

The present study evaluated the laryngeal brainstem response evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in rabbits, using a far-field technique with an intensity of 2 mA, 100 microseconds duration and frequency of 4/second. Five reproducible positive and four negative waves, both reproducible, were obtained and they may represent the laryngeal brainstem activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laryngeal reconstruction after extensive frontolateral resections in locally disseminated laryngeal cancer].

In the department of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract tumors of the Russian Cancer Research Center one-stage laryngeal reconstruction after extensive frontal-lateral resection for cancer stage III (T3N0M0) was performed in 11 patients. Two variants of the reconstruction were used: plastic reconstruction of the laryngeal defect with a dermal-muscle graft involving m. sternohyoideus and with down retraction of the epiglottis. The procedures yields good functional results: all the cannulas were removed, respiratory and protective function of the larynx recovered, voices sounded satisfactorily. The above laryngeal plastic surgery allowed avoiding laryngostoma formation and subsequent complicated plastic interventions. This proved beneficial for rehabilitation and the patients' quality of life.

Epiglottis↗
PubMed1999

Laryngeal mucosal histology in laryngomalacia: the evidence for gastro-oesophageal reflux laryngitis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological changes of the mucosa in laryngomalacia; look for any relationship with gastro-oesophageal reflux and to describe the histological changes of reflux laryngitis in laryngomalacia. METHODS: We examined serial histological sections from nine cases of laryngomalacia, who had aryepiglottoplasty and compared the histopathological features with five cases of postintubation inflammatory laryngitis and five age-matched autopsy specimens of normal larynx. RESULTS: Five of the cases of laryngomalacia had mild inflammation in the form of basal cell hyperplasia and chronic inflammation close to the basement membrane. Deeper subepithelium was oedematous. Two cases had moderate and two cases severe inflammation. The latter showed ulceration and a dense band of chronic inflammation in the immediate subepithelium with underlying oedema. Three of the cases had gastro-oesophageal reflux proven by barium swallow. Two of these showed intraepithelial eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: A band of inflammation of variable intensity just beneath the epithelium with oedema deep to it is the most important histological feature of laryngomalacia. The presence of intraepithelial eosinophils appears to be a histological indication for reflux aetiology of the inflammation.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1989

Newer technique of laryngeal reinnervation: superior laryngeal nerve (motor branch) as a driver of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.

This report analyzes the experience gained using two different techniques to reinnervate the paralyzed vocal cord. In the neurotization group, the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) motor branch-cricothyroid muscle pedicle was used to reinnervate the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. In the direct nerve anastomosis group, the SLN was anastomosed to the abductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and the ansa hypoglossi (AH) to the adductor branch of the RLN. A third group of animals (control) had the right RLN sectioned without any anastomosis. About 5 to 6 months postoperatively the animals were killed painlessly and evaluated. The neurotization group revealed vocal fold mobilization on the right side to have an average of about half of the mobility of the left, normal side. After the RLN and SLN on the left were severed as well as the AH bilaterally, the vocal cord mobility was reduced to about one fourth. The direct nerve anastomosis group showed about fourfold less vocal cord mobility than the neurotization group. After the SLN, RLN, and AH were severed bilaterally, the control group showed no vocal cord mobility. The neurotization technique has been selected for further experimentation in human adults.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2005

Immunohistochemical study on distribution of mast cell phenotypes in human laryngeal mucosa: evidence for laryngeal type I allergy.

It is controversial whether or not type I allergic reactions can occur in the human laryngeal mucosa. To clarify this issue, we studied the distribution of mast cell phenotypes in the human laryngeal mucosa using the immunohistochemical staining method with antihuman tryptase and chymase antibodies. A large number of mast cells are present in the superficial layer of subepithelial connective tissue (SECT) of the epiglottis, arytenoid, and subglottis. Although mast cells containing both tryptase and chymase are predominant in the deep layer of the SECT, the majority of mast cells containing tryptase alone are located in both the epithelial layer and the superficial layer of the SECT. We conclude that the human laryngeal mucosa has the potential to induce type I allergic reaction.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1987

[Laryngeal lesions caused by explosions (laryngeal blasts)].

Laryngeal lesions due to explosions are termed laryngeal blast injuries when they result exclusively from the shock wave effects on laryngeal structures. Their experimental study is very recent and physical and physiopathologic bases for these lesions are discussed in relation to two cases. It is essential to identify these lesions early in all victims of an explosion since their presence may indicate the existence of pulmonary or abdominal blast injuries, detected at a later stage and affecting vital prognosis.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Anastomosis between the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

An incidental finding in the anatomy lab showed up a plexus of the external branch of the right superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), including an anastomosis with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). The external branch of the SLN divided in two extensions: The ventral extension reached the mesopharynx laterally and by supplying the latter, ended at the cricothyroid muscle. The dorsal extension formed a plexus a finger's breadth beneath the inferior margin of the pharynx, on the lateral aspect of the esophagus. The anastomosis ran from the lower part of the plexus to the RLN along the esophagus, laterally.

Cadaver↗