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PubMed1992

On falling in love and creativity.

This paper discusses the ego functioning and self psychological aspects of falling in love and passionate love. These universal and extraordinary phenomena are conceptualized as representing the activity of the creative imagination in solving problems related to coping with intense narcissistic and libidinal pressures. The work of other authors is reviewed and recast into a metapsychological framework involving ego and superego contributions to the experience, and focused on self cohesion. An illustrative clinical psychotherapy case is presented in an effort to understand what has traditionally appeared to be a mysterious and disjunctive life experience, and to explore the creative surge that can be generated by falling in love both in and out of the transference.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The subjective experience of love through adult life.

While research on interpersonal love is growing, there is a relative dirge of literature on the experience of love across age. This study uses Sternberg's triangular theory of love to investigate how commitment, intimacy, and passion are subjectively experienced among actual lovers across age. The evidence presented here suggests that lovers' definition and communication of commitment, intimacy, and passion remain relatively stable among age cohorts. However, traditional expressions of commitment, affection, and togetherness, significantly declined over age, unrelated to length of relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Love attitudes and romantic involvement: a replication and extension.

Confirming Hendrick and Hendrick's (1988) findings with American college students, British students reporting they were currently "in love" scored significantly higher on the Love Attitude Scale dimensions of Eros and Agape but significantly lower on Ludus when compared to subjects not currently in love.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Meaning and love in Viktor Frankl's writing: reports from the Holocaust.

Viktor Frankl has written that people can survive in the most adverse of situations. He emphasized that the will to meaning has actual survival value. Frankl said people who were oriented toward the future or who had loved ones to see again were most likely to have survived the Holocaust. But is this belief valid? Does love have survival value? Six survivors of the Holocaust were interviewed to assess whether they experienced thoughts and feelings as those described by Frankl. Analysis of results from these interviews showed that love was important but so were other factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of undergraduates with older adults on love styles and life satisfaction.

In a previous study, sex differences were noted in the correlation of 215 undergraduates' ratings on Lee's love styles and their ratings on their satisfaction with life, work, and personal relationships. For example, game-playing love was positively related to life satisfaction for the 42 undergraduate men but was negatively related to life satisfaction for the 98 undergraduate women. In the current study, 215 adults over the age of 29 years were surveyed to examine whether the previous differences between the sexes held up in an older sample. Values for the older sample of 215 were similar to those for the 98 undergraduate women but not for the 42 undergraduate men. For example, game-playing love was negatively related to life satisfaction for both the 130 older women and the 85 older men.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Sex differences in associations of temperament with love-styles.

University students (439 women, 111 men) completed a questionnaire that included items assessing temperament and love-styles. While a single temperament and love-style association characterized the men, all five temperament dimensions were predictive of certain of the love-styles for the women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Psychotherapy and the iatrogenic "love affair".

After giving an introductory outline of the phenomenology and theoretical aspects of the concept "love affair", the author proceeds to review a number of symptomatic love affairs arising in the lives of a series of female patients during the course of analytically oriented psychotherapy.. The material is presented in its general aspects and in the form of one detailed case history. In subsequent discussion the author attempts to explain the genesis of these love affairs in terms of phase-speciifc conflicts in the patient and certain iatrogenic aspects of the therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[On love in medicine].

The message of this essay is that love can be regarded as an essential feature of the practice of medicine. One of the doctor's tasks is to build a bridge between medicine as an "objective" science and the patient as a unique and vulnerable individual. In most medical encounters, the doctor-patient relationship needs not reach down to an existential level. The bridge between medicine and patient may then be minimalistic, based on general competence and respect. On other occasions the nature of the patient's problem requires a bridge able to withstand far stronger emotional forces in order to enable effective and health promoting communication. Building such a bridge is a unique challenge that requires the doctor to invest something of himself--which may be seen as an act of love. The doctor has to be open for whatever the patient has to say and willing to encounter the pain that is hidden deep in many patients' lives. The article includes a patient story (from psychiatry) that illustrates how helping a person reveal a traumatic story from the hidden past can be the first step on the path of recovery. Another aspect of practising medicine with love is not hurting the patient or violating his integrity. This even applies in settings where the doctor-patient relationship is supposedly "neutral". The article contains a second patient story (from maternity care) that illustrates how routine use of advanced medical technology may put the patient (here: her unborn child) in an unforeseen and stressful "risk" category upon which the patient has no possibility to act. The story illustrates the importance of the doctor taking on the responsibility of interpreting such diagnostic uncertainties in a language that the patient can handle intellectually and emotionally. The author suggests the concept of "the grandpa' factor" to describe a working tool in relation to such patients: The "medical grandfather" does not withhold information but deliberately ends his explanations by summing up his view of the situation with an optimistic "prophecy" for the future.

Emotions↗
PubMed2005

Love promotes health.

Love has consequences for health and well-being. Engaging in joyful activities such as love may activate areas in the brain responsible for emotion, attention, motivation and memory (i.e., limbic structures), and it may further serve to control the autonomic nervous system, i.e., stress reduction. This specific CNS activity pattern appears to exert protective effects, even on the brain itself. Moreover, anxiolytic effects of pleasurable experiences may occur by promotion of an inhibitory tone in specific areas of the brain. Thus, love and pleasure clearly are capable of stimulating health, well-being and (re)productivity: This wonderful biological instrument makes procreation and maintenance of organisms and their species a deeply rewarding and pleasurable experience, thus ensuring survival, health, and perpetuation.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed2005

[The ambivalence of love: from physiologic need to disease of the soul and of the body].

In this writing we intend to examine the Epicurean notion of love as Lucretius presents it, both in the light of the perspective open by Jackie Pigeaud in an article on the erotic dream in antiquity and in a comparision with the Stoic view. We will notice the curious relationship there is between Lucretius' notion of simulacra and Stoic conception of phantasiai, but also the fundamental difference there is in their respective perception with what follows concerning the responsibility of the individual in his action. A passage of Seneca will show us that man can be morally corrupted to such an extent as to be able to shape up by himself negative phantasiai. But the portrait we will try to make of Epicurean and Stoic theory of love will give us the opportunity to see its integration into the medical thought of Roman imperial age. The attention of the most eminent physicians of I-II century to the pathological issues both for the soul and for the body of an excessive erotic life, indeed, not only depends on the heritage of Aristotelian acquisitions in the field of biology and psychology, but also presents some interesting links with Epicurean and Stoic theory of love, coherently with the pretension of some of these physicians to become the tutors of both physic and moral health of humanity.

Greek World↗
PubMed2005

[Nephrology of love].

The article presents different aspects of the connection between human heart and kidneys. This connection is evident in the symbolism of the Old Testament of the Bible, organ donation as the manifestation of the love of our neighbor, endocrinological and sexual dysfunction, and finally in searching for biological determinants of finer feelings. In the Old Testament tradition kidneys were thought to be human spirit's dwelling. Moreover, the simultaneous studying of kidneys and heart meant profound understanding of the matter. Nowadays, it is also possible to find the Biblical love of our neighbor, for instance among kidney donors. What is more, every nephrologist should treat his patients with love and dedication, which makes it easier for him to understand their problems, especially these concerning sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction occurs among men and women equally and specialists, apart from using many different methods, have to deal with the consequences of renal failure mainly by means of transplantation.

Bible↗
PubMed1983

The sentiments of love and aspirations for marriage and their association with teenage sexual activity and pregnancy.

This study questions the findings of most research claiming that teenage pregnancies are generally unwanted, unplanned and unintended. It starts with the question of why most sexually active teenagers put themselves at risk of becoming pregnant if they do not desire it. The hypothesis is that sentiments of "love" and "aspirations for marriage" are related to starting sexual activity and subsequent pregnancy. The sample is 123 school-age mothers. It was found that sentiments of "love" were associated with becoming pregnant more than with starting sexual activity. Most of the respondents who were "in love" at the onset of pregnancy were hoping to marry their sex partners and, in fact, many thought that marriage would occur in the very near future following the outcome of pregnancy. These findings suggest that more research needs to be directed at the development of affective bonds with and the aspirations for marriage to the sex partners. Such research may explain why these teenagers put themselves at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

In search of a loving father.

With the help of clinical material obtained from two male patients in therapy at the same time, the concept of the loving father is examined. Both patients presented with a fear of being homosexual. It gradually became clear during the therapy that both of them were searching for a loving father. It is suggested that the role of the loving father is the capacity to accept that it is the baby's right to bring to him all its needs, wishes, fantasies and feelings but not to expect the baby to deal with his own mainly unconscious needs, wishes, fantasies and feelings that are inappropriate to that relationship. It is further suggested that this is one of the qualities possessed by the good-enough pre-oedipal father.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Problems in falling in love.

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Sexual-moral attitudes, love styles, and mate selection.

Students at a southwestern university were surveyed to test the interrelations of three constructs: sexual-moral attitudes, love styles, and attraction criteria. Following the procedures of the National Health and Social Life Survey, from which the sexual-moral attitude items were obtained, we conducted a cluster analysis to create attitudinal groupings. We obtained four clusters representing various nuances of liberalism and conservatism. When compared on love styles, the clusters differed primarily on ludus and pragma. Not only did some of the liberal clusters differ from some of the conservative ones on love styles, but there were also some differences within liberalism and within conservatism. Cluster differences also emerged on the attraction criteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The experience of life-threatening illness: patients' and their loved ones' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the actual concerns of patients and families regarding their health care during life-threatening illness and at end of life. Previous research with these groups has focused on their reaction to concerns of the medical community, eg, advance directives, decision making, and pain and symptom management. OBJECTIVE: To elicit and listen attentively to the actual experiences and major concerns of persons with life-threatening illness, personal/family caregivers, and bereaved individuals regarding their health care and interactions with healthcare system. DESIGN: Thirty-three focus groups were convened to involve 3 categories of individuals: persons with life-threatening illness (n = 77), personal/family caregivers (n = 70), and bereaved persons (n = 81). Three focus groups, 1 of each kind, were held in 11 cities across the United States. Verbatim transcripts were coded and analyzed to identify themes. RESULTS: (1) Persons with life-threatening illnesses indicated that health professionals focus on medical and physical interventions, give too little information, appear uncomfortable talking about death, and do not include family members in conversations. (2) Caregivers reported exhaustion. They said that doctors do not appreciate the impact of the illness on their lives and rarely consult them, although all treatment decisions affect them. (3) Bereaved persons emphasized the loved ones' comfort in the last days of life. They wished that physicians would tell families when the end is near and avoid interrupting the process of dying with medical and often futile tasks. "I'm sorry" is sufficient initially to express the physician's condolences, but families appreciate contact weeks later. CONCLUSIONS: Many sources of dissatisfaction with care among persons with life-threatening illness and their families are interpersonal in nature. The physician's respectful presence and demonstration of caring are highly desired, significant interventions for those who cannot be cured of illness and for their loved ones. Making healthcare professionals aware of these concerns may itself bring about some changes in daily practice. Further research is needed to test the most useful skills and behaviors of healthcare professionals in caring for persons with life-threatening illness and their loved ones.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Piezoelectric Love waves on rotated Y-cut mm2 substrates.

Consider a layer consisting of a m3m dielectric crystal, with faces cut parallel to a symmetry plane. Then bond it onto a semi-infinite mm2 piezoelectric substrate. For a X- or Y-cut of the substrate, a Love wave can propagate in the resulting structure and the corresponding dispersion equation is derived analytically. It turns out that when the upper (free) face of the layer is metalized, a fully explicit treatment can also be conducted in the case of a Y-cut rotated about Z. In the case of a germanium layer over a potassium niobate substrate, the wave exists at any wavelength for X-and Y-cuts but this ceases to be the case for rotated cuts, with the appearance of forbidden ranges. By playing on the cut angle, the Love wave can be made to travel faster than, or slower than, or at the same speed as, the shear bulk wave of the layer. A by-product of the analysis is the derivation of the explicit secular equation for the Bleustein-Gulyaev wave in the substrate alone, which corresponds to an asymptotic behavior of the Love wave. The results are valid for other choices for the layer and for the substrate, provided they have the same, or more, symmetries.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The death of Loving: maternal identity as moral constraint in a narrative testimonial advocating physician assisted suicide.

This article considers the narrative testimonial as a rhetorical form in the service of public judgment, with particular attention to the witness's credibility and communicative competence. The author argues that a narrator and witness, as a participant-observer of the events recounted, must generate a story that does not compromise her credibility as a moral agent within the text, and that the capacity to do so is largely a function of communicative competence. Carol Loving's recent book concerning her son's physician assisted suicide is critically assessed to illustrate the primary argument. The critique attempts to show that she neither creates a substantial argument for physician assisted suicide, nor does she warrant her role as a spokesperson for the issue because her narrative violates formative features of maternal identity. Loving's narrative also unintentionally reveals motivational clusters that conflict with and compromise the primary argument, thereby subverting the process of persuasive appeal. Whereas mothers are often mediators for their children in health matters ranging from colds, to psychiatric issues, to matters of death and dying, the failure of Carol Loving in this text, as well as its analysis, should be instructive and cautionary to health professionals who rely on maternal discourse in handling patients, as well as audiences who rely on narrative testimonials as content in their deliberation of public issues.

Adult↗