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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental myospherulosis of the paranasal sinuses: a histologic rabbit study.

Myospherulosis or lipogranuloma formation is frequently iatrogenic and is caused by a petrolatum, lanolin, or paraffin-based ointment becoming trapped within tissue. Four different ointments, including the newly available Bactroban nasal, were studied in a rabbit paranasal sinus model to evaluate their proclivity to induce myospherulosis. The maxillary sinuses of 16 New Zealand white rabbits were bilaterally inoculated with Bactroban, Bactroban nasal, tetracycline, or bacitracin ointments and compared to saline controls in two rabbits. Sinus specimens were harvested at 2 and 4-week intervals and processed for histologic study. Myospherulosis formation was uniformly induced with the Bactroban nasal, bacitracin, and tetracycline ointments in 8/8, 7/8, and 8/8 sinuses, respectively. In contrast, myospherulosis was not induced in the 5/8 of the sinuses using Bactroban. The data from this investigation indicate that Bactroban nasal (paraffin vehicle) is similar to bacitracin and tetracycline ointments (petrolatum and petrolatum-lanolin vehicles) in that they all can cause myospherulosis. In contrast, Bactroban (a water-soluble, polyethylene glycol base) causes myospherulosis to a much smaller extent. Our results emphasize the differences between the two types of Bactroban preparations and provide objective data that can be evaluated by otolaryngologists who apply these ointments following nasal cavity surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Anaerobic degradation kinetics of a cholesteryl ester.

The most important components of wool scouring effluent grease are esters of sterols. Cholesteryl palmitate (CP) is the main ester in this grease. In this paper, the influence of the ester concentration in the anaerobic digestion and the relative rate of the different degradation steps, are studied. The experiment was carried out to measure methane production in the anaerobic degradation of acetate, palmitic acid (PA) and CP. A first-order kinetic model was assumed for hydrolysis and Monod models were assumed for both the methanogenic and acetogenic steps. Maximum hydrolysis rate was found to be around 20 times faster than the maximum methanogenic reaction rate during the experience. The lanolin emulsion drop size effect was also evaluated employing fine and coarse stock lanolin emulsions and no adapted sludge. Concentrations of 13.7 to 4.6 gCOD x l(-1) were employed. In a previous study, the effect of palmitic acid emulsion size was found important when similar sludge was tested. When esters are degraded, a significant effect of drop size on the degradation rate was not found. The difference between CP and PA emulsions behavior could be due to the fact that cholesterol produced during the ester degradation has a protective effect on the sludge.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of an ointment with 10% metronidazole and 2% lidocaine in the treatment of alveolitis.

AIM: In this study, the authors evaluate the use of a 10% metronidazole and 2% lidocaine ointment, using a lanolin base and mint as flavoring, to treat alveolitis in humans. METHODS: Twenty-five patients, with a diagnosis of alveolitis, were treated in the following way: locoregional anesthesia; surgical cleaning of the socket with alveolar curettes; saline solution irrigation with a 20 ml disposable syringe; and complete filling of the socket with the ointment. RESULTS: The analysis of the results showed that the painful symptoms were severe before and on the day of the treatment in 17 (68%) of the 25 patients treated. Post-treatment analysis presented 2 patients (18%) with severe painful symptoms after 24 h of the treatment and complete remission of painful symptoms after 48 h of the treatment with the ointment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that the 10% metronidazole and 2% lidocaine ointment, with mint flavoring and lanolin as a base, can be used to treat alveolitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Investigation of the absorption properties of two synthetic emulsifiers by means of radioactively labelled iodine / Short communication (author's transl)].

The absorption properties of the two non-ionic synthetic emulsifiers polyoxyethylene-glycerin-monooleate (PGMO) and polyoxyethylene-glycerin-monostearate (PGMS) were studied experimentally on male Wistar rats using radioactive iodine (Na131I) solution. The two emulsifiers were compared with a combination of equal parts of lanoline and vaseline. PGMO showed better absorption properties than did GPMS and the lanoline-vaseline combination.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The dynamics of the drug release from ointment bases. Part 3: The effects of some emulsifiers on the liberation of nitroglycerin (author's transl)].

The main objective of the present investigation was the pharmaceutical evaluation of the dynamics of the liberation of nitroglycerin from polyethylene bases in comparison to the lanolin-containing commercial preparation Nitrocard. By dialysis through a semipermeable membrane, using the apparatus of Elszewski and Kubis, it was found that the liberation rate from the polyethylene ointments is greater than that from the lanolin ointment, the release being dependent upon the molecular mass of the polyethylene mixtures. Cetyl alcohol and Span emulsifiers increase the liberation; white wax exerts a delaying effect. A composition is proposed which corresponds, in respect of the release of nitroglycerin, to the commercial preparation.

Emulsions↗
PubMed1998

[Contact sensitization in leg ulcers].

BACKGROUND: The leading complication of leg ulcers is the development of peri-lesional eczema. The etiological diagnosis is often difficult due to the large number of topical agents used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients, 35 women and 15 men, mean age 67.8 years, range 37-91 years, with leg ulcers of variable duration (15 days to 32 years, median 2 years) underwent explorations using the standard EECDRG battery in search of contact allergies. Eighteen potential allergens and the topical agents employed were tested. Readings were made at 48, 72, 96 or 120 hours. RESULTS: Sensitization rate was 76 p. 100 (90 p. 100 of the patients with a history of contact dermatitis and 50 p. 100 in those without such history). The respective percentages of positive tests were: balm of Peru 40 p. 100, fragrance-mix 28 p. 100, Amerchol L101 18 p. 100, lanoline alcohols 14 p. 100, colophane 12 p. 100, glycol propylene and parabens-mix 8 p. 100, stearylic alcohol, thiomersal, clioquinol and sorbic acid 6 p. 100, cetyl-stearylic alcohol, cetylic alcohol, eosin, cetrimide, chlorocresol, budesonide, tixocortol pivalate, bufexamac, formaldehyde, nickel, thiuram-mix and P.P.D. 4 p. 100, hexamidine, chlorhexidine, neomycin, benzocaine, potassium bichromate and cobalt 2 p. 100, triethanolamine, ethanol and other allergens in the EECDRG battery 0 p. 100. Tests were positive in 29 cases with commercial formulations, Biafine (8 cases), Parfenac (7 cases), and Rifocine ampoules (3 cases). Among 13 of the 29 cases, tests were positive with one or more allergens common to the product and the complementary battery. DISCUSSION: Contact sensitization rate is high in leg ulcer patients. Most of the tests had a relationship with leg ulcers. The number one causal agent is balm of Peru. Thirty percent of all the patients are sensitized to at least one excipient, generally lanoline. Allergy tests are positive in 22 p. 100 for one or more antiseptics and in 18 p. 100 for preservatives. Allergy to latex and neomycin is unusual, but sensitization to steroid anti-inflammatory agents was not tested. The main active ingredient in a topical agent is not always the allergen and a detailed test must be performed, generally with a complementary battery adapted to common prescriptions for leg ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Infrared spectroscopy for tracing of topically applied ointment vehicles and active substances on healthy skin.

Infrared spectroscopy was used to trace active substances and ointment vehicles applied on the skin. Vaseline and lanoline could be traced after 8 hrs but not olive oil. From the active substances, ethyl-4-amino-benzoate (5 per cent), clioquinol (5 per cent), parabenes (15 per cent), 5,7-dichlor-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-chinolin (5 per cent), balsam of Peru (25 per cent) and pyroleum pini (12 per cent) could be traced 1 hr after application but had disappeared after 8 hrs. Ethylenediamine (1 per cent), chlorcresol (1 per cent), pyroleum lithantracis (5 per cent), were not traceable after 1 hr, and curiously neither neomycine sulphate in spite of its high concentration (20 per cent). The reaction of the skin surface lipids, after application of different substances, was deduced from the spectra. Clioquinol and pyroleum lithantracis seem to give rise to hydrolysis of the triglycerides, the free fatty acids being clearly identifiable. It is felt that infrared spectroscopy can be used as an effective method to trace different substances such as potent allergens on healthy or diseased skin.

Balsams↗
PubMed1990

The effect of energy malnutrition in ruminants on experimental infection with Dermatophilus congolensis.

The ability of malnourished and optimally fed animals to resist infection with D. congolensis was assessed by the dose-response to experimental inoculation. The severity of infection, as measured by scoring the lesions, was the same in both groups of lambs. However marked differences were seen between the two groups in the appearance of scabs and in the time taken for them to resolve. The malnourished animals had more persistent, chronic lesions compared with the more obvious, acute type lesions seen on the skin of the healthy controls. These results were probably related to the reduced rates of wool growth and lanolin production found in the malnourished lambs, which may reflect a reduction in the rate of cellular turnover in the skin of these animals.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1993

The determination of diffusion coefficients in semisolids by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer with a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell was used to determine the diffusion coefficients of several liquids in two semisolid materials. The experimental setup was that of a system with one open and one closed boundary wherein the open boundary was maintained at constant concentration. While the liquid of interest was diffusing through the film of ointment, the concentration of liquid at the film surface in contact with the ATR crystal was determined at various times by means of IR absorption measurements. The depth of penetration of the IR radiation into the sample was approximately 0.6-0.9 microns at the wavelengths of analysis. Since the ointment thickness was 157 microns, it was reasonable to assume that only the penetrant reaching the lower boundary was being measured. The values of the diffusion coefficients were then calculated using an equation that appropriately modeled the aforementioned conditions. The liquids tested exhibited diffusion coefficients in anhydrous lanolin and in polyethylene glycol ointment that ranged from 0.56 to 7.2 x 10(-7) and 0.68 to 5.7 x 10(-7) cm2/sec, respectively. The expected molecular weight dependency was observed.

Diffusion↗
PubMed2006

[The most frequent allergens in allergic contact dermatitis].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis is high. Patch testing is the standard procedure to detect contact sensitivity. More than 3000 allergens are known, today. On the basis of the data of this study the top allergens are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The retrospective analysis is based on the patch test results collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology in 2004. Data of 9948 patients (6175 female und 3773 male) referred for the evaluation of suspected contact allergy were analysed to determine the frequency of sensitization to the 10 most common contact allergens. RESULTS: The top ten allergens were nickel sulphate (frequency of sensitization standardized for sex and age 17.2 %), fragrance mix (7.2 %), balsam of Peru (6.7 %), cobalt chloride (6.5 %), potassium dichromate (5.3 %), colophony (4.6 %), lanolin alcohol (4.3 %), p-phenylenediamine (4.2 %), ammoniated mercury (3.5 %) und methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol (3.4 %) in 2004. CONCLUSIONS: Even after healing of the skin lesions of allergic contact dermatitis, it must be considered that sensitization persists indefinitely. Therefore, patients have to be informed exactly about their relevant contact allergens to ensure complete avoidance. To do so, physicians need a detailed knowledge of the most common contact allergens which are discussed in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prevention of radioactive indicator and viral particle transmission with an ointment barrier.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a lanolin-based gel in preventing radioactive particle and viral penetration. DESIGN: Paired, stacked filter discs were held in a stainless steel support, and the gel was applied manually to the upper surface of the upper filter. Indicator solution containing either radioactive viral particles (3H-labeled simian virus 40 or 3H-labeled woodchuck hepatitis virus) or 20 microliters or 100 microliters of 32P-labeled radioactive compounds of much lower molecular weight then were applied to the upper filter. The filter discs were separated after 30 minutes, and the lower disc was examined for radioactivity in a liquid scintillation counter. RESULTS: Transmission of radioactive particles was statistically significantly reduced by the application of the ointment on the upper filter (from 6.7 +/- 0.1 x 10(5) counts per minute [cpm] to 88 +/- 38 cpm). Transmission of both labeled viral particles also was reduced to a similar degree. CONCLUSIONS: Application of protective ointment to the filters significantly reduces transmission of radioactive viral particles and smaller radioactive compounds through filter discs. Use of this ointment may offer similar mechanical protection against the transmission of viruses between patient and healthcare provider.

Equipment Contamination↗
PubMed1997

Restoration of phototropic responsiveness in decapitated maize coleoptiles.

The literature indicates that the tip of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles has the localized functions of producing auxin for growth and perceiving unilateral light stimuli and translocating auxin laterally for phototropism. There is evidence that the auxinproducing function of the tip is restored in decapitated coleoptiles. We examined whether the functions for phototropism are also restored by using blue-light conditions that induced a first pulse-induced positive phototropism (fPIPP) and a time-dependent phototropism (TDP). When the apical 5 mm, in which photosensing predominantly takes place, was removed, no detectable fPIPP occurred even if indole-3-acetic acid (lanolin mixture) was applied to the cut end. However, when the blue-light stimulation was delayed after decapitation, fPIPP became inducible in the coleoptile stumps supplied with indole-3-acetic-acid/lanolin (0.01 mg g-1), indicating that phototropic responsiveness was restored. This restoration progressed 1 to 2 h after decapitation, and the curvature response became comparable to that of intact coleoptiles. The results for TDP were qualitatively similar, but some quantitative differences were observed. It appeared that the overall TDP was based on a major photosensing mechanism specific to the tip and on at least one additional mechanism not specific to the tip, and that the tip-specific TDP was restored in decapitated coleoptiles with kinetics similar to that for fPIPP. It is suggested that the photoreceptor system, which accounts for fPIPP and a substantial part of TDP, is regenerated in decapitated coleoptiles, perhaps together with the mechanism for lateral auxin translocation.

Cotyledon↗
PubMed2003

Patch-test reaction patterns in patients with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis.

Patients with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis often need to be patch tested in order to detect possible contact sensitization. However, it is unknown whether immunologic or other peculiarities of atopic skin are related to altered patch-test reaction patterns. Our study was aimed at answering this question, because patch-test reaction patterns are of considerable practical importance in the reading and interpretation of patch tests. Therefore, we compared patterns of patch-test reactions in patients with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis and in control patients matched for sex, age, reason for testing and test centre. Patch-test results from 9 centres (2322 patients with a disposition to atopic dermatitis and 2126 matched controls) were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were tested with nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, potassium dichromate, lanolin alcohol, formaldehyde and mercury ammonium chloride. Patch tests applied for 1 day with readings on days 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated in order to cover the early phase of the reactions. Not unexpectedly, we found that, compared to the matched controls, patients with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis tended to have more doubtful and irritant reactions on day 1. As a new observation, it turned out that they had less reactions of crescendo pattern and more strong reactions on day 3. All these differences were slight/insignificant. A higher skin irritability in patients with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis is a likely explanation. In conclusion, standard methods for patch testing can be applied in patients with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis, but minor differences in reaction patterns should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High incidence of contact dermatitis in leg-ulcer patients--implications for management.

A retrospective review of patch test results from all new patients with venous leg ulcers was performed for the preceding 11 months. Eighty one patients referred from general practitioners and district nurses with venous stasis ulcers were included. Positive patch tests were found in 54 patients (67%), including a continued high incidence of allergy to lanolin and topical antibiotics. Multiple allergies were found in 48 patients (58%). In addition, a new problem of allergy to cetearyl alcohol, a constituent of commonly used creams and paste bandages, was identified in 13 patients. There is a continuing high incidence of contact sensitivity in patients with venous stasis ulcers which has important implications for the management of these patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Influence of the shoot tip and leaves on circumnutation in green pea seedlings.

Portions of the shoot system from young light-grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were excised and circumnutation studied using time-lapse cinematography. Removal of the youngest leaf or shoot tip as well as ringing the stem with 20 mM triiodobenzoic acid severely restricted circumnutation. Treating the stump of the excised leaf with lanolin containing 10(-4) M indole-3-acetic acid or replacing the leaf with an artificial aluminum leaf both partially restored circumnutation. When the leaf was replaced with both auxin and an artificial leaf circumnutation continued at approximately the rate of the intact plant. This graphically shows the involvement of both auxin and gravitropism in circumnutation.

Emollients↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of topical agents to relieve nipple pain and enhance breastfeeding.

BACKGROUND: Nipple soreness is one reason why breastfeeding women wean their infants. This study examined the effectiveness of three topical agents--USP-modified lanolin, warm water compresses, and expressed breast milk with air drying--in alleviating nipple pain, and if early predictors of breastfeeding at six weeks could be determined. METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven breastfeeding, primiparous women were randomly assigned to one of four groups. All women received education about breastfeeding technique. Numeric rating scales were used to discriminate levels of pain intensity, pain affect, and strength of sucking on day 1. Participants were interviewed by telephone on postpartum days 4, 7, and 14, and during week 6 using the same scales. RESULTS: No significant differences were found among groups for pain intensity, pain affect, or duration of breastfeeding. Results of a logistic regression indicated that older mothers and those who were exclusively breastfeeding (no supplemental feeding) were most likely to be breastfeeding six weeks postpartum. Raw scores supported the use of warm compresses. CONCLUSION: Further investigation is required into ways of supporting young mothers and how caregivers provide support to breastfeeding mothers in the early weeks after childbirth.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patch testing of Singapore children and adolescents: our experience over 18 years.

This is a retrospective epidemiologic study of allergic contact dermatitis in children and adolescents in Singapore who had undergone patch testing from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 2003. A total of 2,340 patients below the age of 21 years had undergone patch testing. Of these, 1,063 (583 girls, 480 boys) were positive to one or more allergens. The most common allergens were: nickel (40%), thimerosal (15%), colophony (9%), lanolin (8%), cobalt (8%), fragrance mix (5%), and neomycin (4%). Each of these allergens will be discussed individually. This is the first study with over 1000 patients on this subject from Asia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Histological changes in rabbits after application of medicaments and cosmetic bases.

A staged histological study of skin changes induced in rabbits by daily application of five bases used for topical medicaments and cosmetics, namely glycols, petrolatum, Modulan, Acetulan and Amerchol L 101, over periods of 100 days, is reported. Sections obtained every 10 days were examined for changes in the epithelium, in the character of the dermal infiltrate and in the superficial collagen fibers. Glycols showed no particular effects on the skin; petrolatum produced acanthosis and vacuolization in the epidermis, and mononuclear cell infiltration of the dermis but evident collagen changes. Lanolin derivatives produced acanthosis and vacuolization of the epidermis, with lymphomonouclear infiltration of the dermis and with dissociation of collagen; examination around the 30th day showed a tendency to basal layer disorganization by the infiltrate.

Animals↗