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PubMed1997

Autoradiographic determination of marginal leakage of a pressed glass ceramic inlay.

The marginal integrity and microleakage of pressed glass ceramic inlays were evaluated using autoradiography. IPS/Empress ceramic inlays were fabricated for 10 human molar mandibular teeth. After adjusting the inlays, they were etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel for 30 s and silanized with Monobond S for 30 s. Before cementation with dual cure resin cement the inlays and cavity walls were gently covered with a thin layer of bonding agent. When the cementation process was completed the samples were cycled 300 times between a 55 degrees C hot bath and a 5 degrees C cold bath. The samples were placed in each bath for 60 s, with 5 s intervals between immersions, then the specimens were immersed in an aqueous solution of Ca-45. After 24 h the inlay and tooth assemblies were removed, rinsed with water and placed in cold-cured acrylic resin, then sectioned through the long axis for autoradiographic analysis. According to the penetration of Ca-45, the microleakage level was scored for each section. The results indicated slight penetration of Ca-45 on autoradiographic films.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1998

Amalgam alternatives--micro-leakage evaluation of clinical procedures. Part I: direct composite/composite inlay/ceramic inlay.

This study investigated the degree of dye penetration with three different types of tooth-coloured restorations. Twenty-four intact extracted molars were collected. The teeth were immediately stored in water at room temperature. Class II cavity preparations were prepared and restored with three different types of tooth-coloured restorations: A, composite resin in the incremental technique; B, composite inlay technique; and C, ceramic inlay. Specimens were subjected to 700 cycles of thermal stress. They were than immersed in 2% basic fuchsin dye. The teeth were sectioned in three planes before being ranked as to the amount of dye penetration. The highest score obtained on three plano-parallel sections was adopted as the representative value. The three groups were compared using the Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test. Dye penetration was significantly lower at the enamel margins when using the composite inlay system and the incremental technique compared to the ceramic inlay technique. The restorations placed using the composite inlay technique showed less dye penetration than the incremental technique at the dentine margins (P < 0.017).

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1999

The clinical performance of ceramic inlays: a review.

The availability of improved ceramic materials, bonding techniques, new technology and issues of amalgam safety have led to a revival of interest in ceramic inlays in dentistry over the past ten years. Clinical studies have been carried out during this time using various evaluation techniques to assess the clinical performance of these restorations. In this paper, recent clinical studies are examined and a review of the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical performance and survival statistics of ceramic inlays is presented. The major problems associated with ceramic inlay therapy appear to be fracture, hypersensitivity, degree of fit, maintenance of marginal integrity, microleakage, bond failures and cement wear. Other areas which also affect the clinical performance of ceramic inlays are ceramic wear, opposing tooth wear, plaque accumulation, gingivitis, secondary caries, colour stability, anatomic form and radiopacity. Recommendations based on the findings of clinical studies are also presented and whilst no specific material or technique has been shown to be clearly superior, certain principles which predispose to success can be identified. When compared with other forms of aesthetic intracoronal restorations, ceramic inlays perform well. However, their high cost and extreme technique sensitivity would appear to restrict their use to certain limited clinical situations.

Ceramics↗
PubMed2006

Antagonist enamel wears more than ceramic inlays.

Wear phenomena of ceramic inlays are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ceramic wear, antagonist enamel wear, and luting cement wear over 8 years. The two-fold null hypothesis was that there would be (1) no difference in wear behavior between ceramic and enamel, and (2) no influence of filler content of luting composites on composite wear. From 96 restorations, 36 Class II inlays from 16 participants were selected. For inlays with opposing enamel cusps (n=17), replicas of inlays and enamel were scanned with a 3-D laser scanner. Luting gaps of inlays (n=36) were analyzed with a profilometer, including 3-D data analysis. Ceramic and enamel wear increased between 4 and 8 years, with significantly higher values for enamel after 6 years (p<0.05). Luting gap wear increased continuously up to 8 years (p<0.05), with no influence of luting composites (p>0.05) and location of teeth (p>0.05).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dedicated composite fillings--inlays].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality and persistence of esthetics of dedicated inlay by clinical methods. METHODS: The paper reviews the clinical significance and technique of preparing particular composite inlays before and after the construction of the metallic framework partial denture. On the basis of indications the total of 30 inlays were placed into cavities under relatively dry working conditions. Six, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four months after the placement of filling, control check-up was carried out by Ryge criteria. RESULTS: After two years marginal discoloration as well as the change of the colour occurred in 3.3% of inlays. There was neither detectable secondary caries, nor the symptoms of pulpal damage. The requirements to be fulfilled concerning the composite materials, in order that they can be implemented for this purpose, were also discussed. CONCLUSION: From the clinical point of view, purpose inlays from Herculite XRV lab C8B in combination with Opti Bond System and composite cement Porcelite Dual Cure showed high functional and esthetic values in the observational period of two years.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed2000

[Study on improvement of adaptation for inlay made by dental CAD/CAM CEREC 2 system].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of changes in the tapering angle of inlay casting, adhesive gap and cavosurface margin on the cavity wall adaptability of the inlay made by the dental CAD/CAM CEREC 2 system. Designed inlay castings were fabricated at three different tapering angles: 0, 3, and 6 degrees. Adhesive gap of 0, -50, -100 microns and adhesive gap of 0 micron combined with the adjustment of cavosurface margin at 2 and 4 pixels were also evaluated. The difference between the direct method with powder and the indirect method without powder were compared under all conditions. The gap between the castings and cavity walls were assessed under a telescopic microscope. Internal adaptation of castings was determined to measure the cement thickness on the surfaces sectioned in the central portion of the cavity. It was found that inlays fabricated at 3 or 6 degree taper exhibited less gap at the side wall of the cavity than those without taper. The indirect method without powder also showed less gap when compared with the direct method with powder. Marginal gap and the cement width at the side wall of the cavity were reduced when the adhesive gap was modified to -50 or -100 microns or the cavosurface margin was adjusted at 2 or 4 pixels in the outer margin. The results suggested that the indirect method with the taper of 3 or 6 degrees of inlay casting, or with adjustment of adhesive gap to -50 microns provided the best adaptability between the castings and cavity walls.

Inlays↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dentin bond strength and marginal adaptation: direct composite resins vs ceramic inlays.

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the dentin bond strength and marginal adaptation of directly and indirectly inserted restorations. A conically modified push-out test was designed to consider polymerization shrinkage and facilitate inlay placement. A total of 260 cavities were prepared into disks of freshly extracted human third molars and filled with direct composite resins or with adhesively luted ceramic inlays. Dentin adhesives of the third--(with self-etching primer: ART Bond, Syntac Classic), fourth--(with total etching: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus), and fifth-generation (one-bottle adhesives: Syntac Single Component, Prime & Bond 2.1) were used in combination with one hybrid composite (Tetric) or luting composite (Variolink Low). Control groups did not use an adhesive. Polymerization of the bonding agent was carried out prior to insertion of the filling/inlay or afterwards simultaneously with the composite/luting composite. The thickness of the adhesive layer and luting composite was recorded, and after 7 days of storage and 24 hours of thermocycling (1150 cycles) replicas were made and extrusion testing performed. Fracture modes were determined and replicas were examined regarding marginal adaptation using SEM (X200 magnification). Precuring of the bonding resin increased dentin bond strength independent of the material combination or insertion mode (P < 0.05). In general, third- and fourth-generation dentin adhesives produced better results in bond strength and marginal adaptation than one-bottle systems (P < 0.05). In the third generation, ART Bond achieved significantly higher push-out values than Syntac (P < 0.05), but no better marginal adaptation. Cohesive fractures within the dentin were only observed in the inlay groups with precured resin. Precuring of the bonding resin is an important factor for both direct and indirect restorations. Nevertheless, precuring of the bonding resin prior to insertion of adhesive inlays cannot be recommended clinically, because the 120-micron luting spaces were too large. In simulated cavities, direct composite fillings with precuring achieved bond strengths similar to inlays without precuring. One-bottle adhesive systems performed poorly compared with multi-step adhesives of the third and fourth generation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Types of resin-based inlay materials and their properties.

The composition of 'chairside' resin-based inlay materials is similar to that of direct resin-based filling materials. The handling and curing procedures vary for the different inlay materials. Some systems involve precuring inside the oral cavity and a final cure at elevated temperature outside the oral cavity. Others are only cured extra-orally. The advantage of the inlay technique is that polymerisation shrinkage of the composite occurs before bonding to tooth structure. After cementation, therefore, the inlay gives good marginal adaptation in occlusal restorations. Some of the curing procedures for inlays give good conversion. The systems with good conversion also show better mechanical properties than the equivalent resin-based material cured according to the direct filling technique.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

Effect of bonded gold inlays on fracture resistance of teeth.

The purpose of this study was to determine if bonding gold inlays to tooth structure with an adhesive resin cement would increase the fracture resistance of restored teeth. Extracted paired maxillary premolars were prepared for mesio-occlusodistal inlays, and the inlays were cast in type II gold. In one tooth of each pair, the inlay was sandblasted with aluminium oxide, tin plated, and cemented with an adhesive resin into the etched preparation. For the other (control) tooth in each pair, the inlay was sandblasted and then cemented into the preparation with zinc phosphate cement. The teeth were thermocycled and loaded until fracture. The teeth in the bonded group had a statistically significantly higher fracture resistance than did the teeth in the control group. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that failure in the bonded group occurred predominantly within the resin.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1992

Computer-designed inlays after 5 years in situ: clinical performance and scanning electron microscopic evaluation.

Eight mesio-occlusodistal adhesive inlays, fabricated from ceramic blocks using a computer-aided design/machining method, were reexamined after 5 years of clinical service. The inlays wre evaluated according to modified US Public Health Service criteria. The results indicated excellent clinical performance, with eight Alfa ratings for wear, recurrent caries, and color match, and five Alfa and three Bravo for marginal discoloration and marginal integrity. Under scanning electron microscope, 81.0% of the tooth-cement interfaces and 84.1% of the cement-inlay interfaces were rated continuous at the occlusal margin. Axially, 73.6% of the tooth-cement interfaces and 87.0% of the cement-inlay interfaces were rated continuous. Although this long-term investigation revealed good clinical performance of the inlays, improvements in the ceramic structure and its properties, the cavosurface design, and the luting composite resin were recently introduced to further optimize quality.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1991

Marginal adaptation with glass-ceramic inlays adhesively luted with glycerine gel.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of glycerine gels in preventing the formation of an oxygen-inhibition layer during the polymerization of composite resin materials. Sixteen glass-ceramic inlays were adhesively luted with and without the application of glycerine gels on the inlay margins before the polymerization of the luting composite resin material. To remove the oxygen-inhibition layer, the inlays were brushed with acetone. Replicas were obtained before and after acetone brushing, and a computerized quantitative marginal analysis was carried out under the scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the polymerization with and the polymerization without the use of a glycerine gel. The inlay margins polymerized after the application of a glycerine gel showed better marginal adaptation than did the inlay margins polymerized without it, suggesting that oxygen inhibition during polymerization can be prevented by the application of glycerine gels to the surface of composite resin materials.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1991

Microleakage and cusp fracture resistance of heat-treated composite resin inlays.

The purpose of this study was to examine the microleakage and cusp fracture resistance of heat-treated composite resin inlays. One hundred and twenty extracted human bicuspid teeth were prepared with MOD Class II preparations and divided into 12 experimental groups. Ten extracted human teeth were kept sound as positive controls and 10 of the prepared teeth were left unrestored as negative controls for the cusp fracture resistance experiment. The remaining prepared teeth were grouped and restored with the following restorations: bulk or incremental placement, light-cured inlays, heat-treated inlays "cemented" with enamel bonding agent, enamel bonding agent/glass ionomer "sandwich", or a dentinal bonding agent. Heat-treated inlays showed significantly (P less than 0.05) less microleakage than all other groups. The cusp fracture resistance of the heat-treated inlays was in the same magnitude as that of the traditionally placed composite resin restoration. All restorations were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in cusp fracture resistance than sound non-carious teeth.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1990

Variation in the thickness of the composite lute with an indirect composite inlay system.

The findings of an initial investigation of variations in the thickness of the composite lute around inlays of a fine particle hybrid, light- and secondary-cured indirect composite resin inlay system are reported. The lute thickness varied between 10 microns and 90 microns, and was found to be thinnest and most uniform in the region of occlusal cavosurface margins. Although the marginal adaptation of the inlays investigated was generally considered to be satisfactory, sections of the lute were found to exhibit porosity and to contain a number of voids. It is concluded that whilst the lute thickness and marginal adaptation of composite bonded inlays of the type investigated may be found to be acceptable, further work is desirable to investigate ways to limit porosity and voids in lutes and to form and finish the cavomarginal elements of tooth-coloured inlays in such a way that the limiting layer of luting material may be better protected from the rigors of function in the oral environment.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of 20K gold alloy inlay restorations on young permanent teeth from the viewpoint of tooth-emergence age].

UNLABELLED: We observed 173 cases of 20K gold alloy inlay restorations on young permanent premolars and molars and investigated the emergence age of all these teeth. The observation period of inlay restorations was from 1 year to 11 years and 6 months. Clinical evaluations were made by exploring with an explorer, roentgenography and color photography. RESULTS: 1. Changes in inlay restorations occurred in 1 case (0.6%) of discoloration and 4 cases (2.3%) of inlay dislodgement. 2. Changes in teeth occurred in 8 cases (4.6%) of secondary caries, 15 cases (8.7%) of new caries and 4 cases (2.3%) of pulpitis. 3. Clinical failures occurred in 32 cases, and 24 of those cases were restored within 2 years after tooth emergence. 4. Almost clinical failures occurred on the maxillary and mandibular first molars. 5. In 27 cases (15.6%), repeat restoration was necessary. In 10 of these cases, the original 20K gold alloy inlay restorations continued in use.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Rheological studies on deformation for dental waxes. 2. Stress relaxation behavior of inlay wax (author's transl)].

The rheological properties of inlay wax were investigated by experiment of stress relaxation, thermal expansion, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results obtained were as follows. The solid-solid phase transition caused by phase transition of paraffin was observed. The stress relaxation curves of inlay wax were obtained at various temperature, and from these curves the stress relaxation master curve was composed by application of time-temperature superposition principle. The temperature dependence of sift factor was devided into two regions of Arrhenius type, and the activation energy was about 60 kcal/mol at the temperature lower than 23 degrees C and 120 kcal/mol at higher temperature. This fact suggests that the relaxation mechanism of inlay wax can be classified into two different modes. The relaxation mechanism at lower temperature region is explained by crystalline relaxation, and at higher temperature is considered to depend upon the solid-solid phase transition process of inlay wax. Calculating from the activation energy, for each 2 degrees C rise in temperature, the rate of rheological change for inlay wax is approximately two-fold at lower temperature region, and about four-fold at higher temperature region.

Elasticity↗
PubMed1980

[Thermal and viscoelastic properties and problems on measurement methods of JIS for inlay waxes (author's transl)].

The thermal and viscoelastic properties of commercial inlay waxes were investigated by measurements of JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard), differential thermal analysis, dilatometry and dynamic viscoelasticity. The crystal transition from orthorhombic to hexagonal caused by paraffin was observed in inlay waxes. The thermal expansion of waxes was influenced by crystal transition temperature. The cooling shrinkage of internal wax pattern is smaller in wax having larger expansion from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C. The viscoelastic properties of inlay waxes shifted to low temperature region with decreasing in crystal transition temperature. The various properties of inlay waxes greatly changed at temperature of peak for loss tangent. There were some problems on measurement methods of JIS and the reexamination of thermal expansion and flow was suggested. Commercial inlay waxes, respectively, have various different properties, but from these results the qualities of waxes can not be determined so it's necessary to choose a suitable wax according to various conditions.

Elasticity↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical and long-term scanning electron microscopic studies of composite inlays].

24 composite inlays, which were thoroughly documented for postgraduate education purposes were recalled after 13.3 and 30.5 months on average. The clinical evaluation yielded very good results after 13.3 and good results after 30.5 months, respectively. Marginal gaps were observed in 6.6% at the tooth-composite cement and in 27.1% at the composite cement-inlay-interface after 13.3 months using replica technique and SEM. There values were not significantly different from the findings at 30.5 months. The adhesive failures between inlay and composite cement were preferably located in large, multisurfaced restorations. No significant differences were found between direct immediate inlays and lab-made indirect inlays and between molar and premolar restorations, respectively.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of aesthetic inlay systems.

A comparison of the aesthetic inlay systems available to the dental practitioner is made. The methods of fabrication of the various types of inlay are described, together with the reasons for utilization of the inlays. The indications and the contra-indications for prescribing these systems are listed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the inlays are enumerated. The clinical technique for the inlays is briefly outlined, and the use of resin luting cements is reviewed.

Composite Resins↗