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PubMed1981

[Biomedical information networks: the experience of the United States National Library of Medicine].

A rapid and intensive flow of biomedical information is perceived increasingly as a requirement for the advancement of research, professional training, and the delivery of health services to an ever-growing human population. This article examines the concept of a network of information and cooperative services among medical libraries and national, regional and international data banks to maximize the sharing and use of the available resources. The background and record of the National Library of Medicine of the United States, which established the MEDLARS System, are described as a model for guidance. Since the end of the 19th century, when J. S. Billings, the foresighted first director of the Library, devised the first system for the indexing of medical literature, new techniques have been introduced step by step to facilitate the dissemination of biomedical information: mechanization and automatization of the placement of requests and data retrieval, telecommunications and satellite links to the fifteen data banks currently accessible to the user by direct communication through MEDLINE. For such a network to operate successfully, there must be a shift from the idea of regional or national benefit to the plane of global cooperation, through which a higher degree of self-sufficiency can be achieved. Also, relations between the various levels of the system must be based on a collaboration in which each entity pursues its own function subject to the character and multifarious scope of the common purposes. The success of BIREME in Latin America is cited as an incentive to developing countries to participate in the use and distribution of vital information through activities based on individual priorities without forgetting that what is important is not ideals and abstractions, but the human being with his needs, problems and real situation.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1995

Using information networks for competitive advantage.

Although the healthcare "information superhighway" has received considerable attention, the use of information technology to create a sustainable competitive advantage is not new to other industries. Economic survival in the new world of managed care may depend on a healthcare delivery system's ability to use network-based communications technologies to differentiate itself in the market, especially through cost savings and demonstration of desirable outcomes. The adaptability of these technologies can help position healthcare organizations to break the paradigms of the past and thrive in a market environment that stresses coordination, efficiency, and quality in various settings.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1997

Health information networking via the Internet with the former Soviet Union.

Because of the severe financial hardships associated with the transition to a market economy in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union, the Internet has become a major link to health care resources for many health care workers. In 1992, the University of Illinois at Chicago Library of the Health Sciences (UIC LHS) initiated a special support project with goals of enhancing access to international biomedical information and facilitating international professional networking for interested NIS organizations and individuals. Project objectives included an information needs assessment, development of culturally sensitive Internet training applications, information and referral services, and follow-up e-mail consultations for NIS participants. This paper reviews the historical context of the health care partnerships between the United States and the NIS, and of the UIC LHS International Health Information Networking Project. In the context of UIC, international networking cross-cultural observations, teaching techniques, a Russian training experience, and the development of a Web-based course are reported.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2003

The information network of senior citizens in Geneva, Switzerland, and progress in flu vaccination coverage between 1991 and 2000.

Switzerland has lagged behind other industrialized countries in increasing vaccination coverage against flu in the elderly population. The information campaign "United against Flu", started in Geneva in 1993, gradually extended to other French and Italian speaking cantons in Switzerland and indirectly affected German-speaking cantons. Activities developed include the production of TV spots, press conferences, information forwarded to health professionals, an Internet site and information material such as leaflets and posters to risk groups. The campaign is evaluated by repeated surveys that measure vaccination coverage as well as network of informants, knowledge and perceptions in the geriatric population. Vaccination coverage of the geriatric population in Geneva canton has increased from 29% in 1991 to 59% in the year 2000.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Development of a state-wide health sciences information network: a cooperative effort.

A cooperative effort by a regional medical library (RML) program, a college of human medicine, a university library system, and numerous individual health care institutions to develop a network for the delivery of health sciences information within the state of Wyoming is described. This development consisted of four phases: collection building, training of library managers, consortia formation, and establishment of a state-based network management mechanism. Significant characteristics of the project include the high level of cooperation exerted by many different agencies and institutions, the participation by all acute-care institutions within the state, the initial large expenditure of funds to build resources within individual institutions, and the system development approach to the delivery of RML services that this project represents.

Health Facilities↗
PubMed2003

Network information and connected correlations.

Entropy and information provide natural measures of correlation among elements in a network. We construct here the information theoretic analog of connected correlation functions: irreducible N-point correlation is measured by a decrease in entropy for the joint distribution of N variables relative to the maximum entropy allowed by all the observed N-1 variable distributions. We calculate the "connected information" terms for several examples and show that it also enables the decomposition of the information that is carried by a population of elements about an outside source.

Information Services↗
PubMed1999

Formal and informal network factors as sources of morale in a senior center population.

This study examined the relative effects of senior center factors and social network attributes on the morale of a sample of senior center participants in Israel (N = 85), controlling for respondents' background characteristics. The multivariate model accounted for 56 percent of the variance in morale scores. Respondents' health was the primary explanatory factor, followed by selected attributes of participants' informal social networks. The formal network factors had a minor and partly negative effect. The findings suggest that participants' morale was shaped more by the configuration of their interpersonal social networks than by factors related to the senior center environment.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

RHINE-AM. An inter-regional health information network for Europe.

RHINE is an inter-regional network in Europe having as an aim, the promotion of know-how transfer in the area of Information Technology methods and tools in the regions involved. The RHINE network's significance will be demonstrated in the health sector. Within the main scope of the project, the aims and objectives of RHINE and the participating partners encompass the extension of the nucleus network and the furtherance of Information Technology research. Application areas include distributed data base and knowledge base technologies for open regional information systems supported by other technologies for business processes.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

Network information security in a phase III Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS).

The developing Integrated Academic Information System (IAIMS) at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center provides data sharing links between two separate corporate entities, namely Columbia University Medical School and The Presbyterian Hospital, using a network-based architecture. Multiple database servers with heterogeneous user authentication protocols are linked to this network. "One-stop information shopping" implies one log-on procedure per session, not separate log-on and log-off procedures for each server or application used during a session. These circumstances provide challenges at the policy and technical levels to data security at the network level and insuring smooth information access for end users of these network-based services. Five activities being conducted as part of our security project are described: (1) policy development; (2) an authentication server for the network; (3) Kerberos as a tool for providing mutual authentication, encryption, and time stamping of authentication messages; (4) a prototype interface using Kerberos services to authenticate users accessing a network database server; and (5) a Kerberized electronic signature.

Computer Communication Networks↗