Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “In re Ray”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Imaging techniques in rheumatology: conventional radiography in rheumatoid arthritis].

Conventional radiography is still regarded the gold standard for imaging techniques in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is a very important tool for the diagnosis, the differential diagnosis, and the evaluation of the course and prognosis of the disease. Special advantages of conventional radiography are the worldwide availability and experience with the method over decades and the relatively low costs. Moreover, x-rays can be stored and re-evaluated over long periods of time. Joint damage caused by RA can be quantified by means of scoring methods. The amount of destruction correlates well with functional disability over time. The inhibition of damage progression seen on radiographs is the most important characteristic of a DMARD. Typical radiographic changes are part of the ACR classification criteria of RA. Technically, bone structure can be demonstrated with a high local resolution better than with all other imaging techniques, whereas only indirect conclusions can be drawn concerning soft tissue and cartilage lesions. This review includes recommendations given by the "Commission on Imaging Techniques" of the German Society of Rheumatology regarding technical and personal preconditions, costs, indication as well as practical performance of radiography in RA. In addition, radiographic changes that can be expected in RA including destruction and repair are discussed briefly.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement of in-vivo remineralization of approximal initial caries in man by an organic and inorganic remineralization agent.

Changes of mineral content in the approximal enamel of the teeth were determined in situ with quantitative bite-wing radiography. Geometric coincidence of the base line and control radiographs was achieved with an optical adjusting device for the X-ray tube and for exact re-location of the film to the dentition. Radiographs were evaluated with digital image-processing. To five subjects, inorganic remineralization solution containing Ca, Sr, phosphate and tartrate was applied twice a day and to another 6 persons a solution containing aminofluoride (Elmex Fluid, Gaba Int.) every third day: both for 3 weeks. There was no net mineral uptake in the 15 lesions of the inorganic group but a marked increase of mineral in the 13 lesions of the other group. Discrepancy with findings of other workers may be due to the geometry of the interdental space with long diffusion distances in the dental plaque.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Radiosensitivity of pre-irradiated mouse skin to second courses of single and multi-fractionated irradiation--skin shrinkage.

The hind legs of mice were re-irradiated with various gamma-ray doses in single or multi-fractionated exposures 6 or 12 months after conditioning irradiation was administered using a variety of treatment schedules. Dose-response relationships were evaluated to ascertain "residual injuries", permissible doses during the second treatments. Fifty to 60 days after the second treatments, the degrees of shrinkage of the skin on the dorsal aspects of the hind legs were measured and used as endpoints. The residual injuries were affected by the biologically effective doses, or by the treatment schedules of not only the first, but also the second exposure. The higher the biologically effective doses, the greater were the residual injuries. Compared to the previously untreated skin, the pre-irradiated skin was relatively radioresistant to the second course of treatments, regardless of the treatment schedule used. The response of the pre-treated skin to a given test dose (25 or 40 Gy) lessened with increasing dose for each treatment schedule used during the first treatment course.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the learning curve in total hip endoprosthesis exemplified by the BiContact prosthesis].

AIM: Total hip arthroplasty is a common operation but there are few data describing the learning curve of this operation. The aim of the presented study is to prove and describe the learning curve in total hip arthroplasty. METHOD: Between 1991 and 1993, 168 patients were included in this prospective study, operated by three surgeons having different experiences in operating total hip arthroplasty. Perioperative complications and postoperative X-rays were analysed. Patients were re-examined clinically and radiologically and by a questionnaire 5 years after operation. RESULTS: Radiological complications of the first 84 operated patients were statistically significantly higher than those of the following 84 patients, except for minimal bone fractures and leg lengthening. The learning curve of all surgeons was finished after 20 operations independent of their experience. Clinical results were not influenced by the learning curve at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the experience of the surgeon, the learning curve in total hip arthroplasty is finished after about 20 operations for each surgeon. Intensive preoperative planning and exchange of experience inside and outside every clinic will shorten the length of the learning curve.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The Evolutionary Status of SS 433.

We consider possible evolutionary models for SS 433. We assume that common envelope evolution is avoided if radiation pressure is able to expel most of a super-Eddington accretion flow from a region smaller than the accretor's Roche lobe. This condition is satisfied, at least initially, for largely radiative donors with masses in the range 4-12 M middle dot in circle. For donors more massive than about 5 M middle dot in circle, moderate mass ratios q=M2&solm0;M1 greater, similar1 are indicated, thus tending to favor black hole accretors. For lower mass donors, evolutionary considerations do not distinguish between a neutron star or black hole accretor. In all cases the mass transfer (and mass-loss) rates M&d2;tr approximately 7x10-6 to 4x10-4 M middle dot in circle yr-1 are much larger than the likely mass-loss rate M&d2;jet approximately 10-6 M middle dot in circle yr-1 in the precessing jets. Almost all of the transferred mass is expelled at radii considerably larger than the jet acceleration region, producing the "stationary" Halpha line and the infrared luminosity and accounting for the low X-ray luminosity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Ultra-high-angle double-crystal X-ray diffractometry (U-HADOX) for determining a change in the lattice spacing: theory.

Advantages of high-angle double-crystal X-ray diffractometry (HADOX) have been re-examined. It is found that, by extending the Bragg angle theta up to 89.99 degrees, the accuracy of a change in the lattice spacing to one part in 10(9)-10(10) can be attained in proportion to tan theta. In such a case, the dispersion-free condition is so serious that the spacing of the two crystals should be equal within one part in 10(6). Therefore, this method is appropriate for determining the thermal expansion coefficient in a limited temperature range. To cover a wide temperature range, the temperature of the reference crystal must be adjusted according to the temperature of the specimen crystal; the lattice spacing as a function of temperature can be determined by integrating the temperature derivative of the spacing.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasound and plain X-ray screening in childhood urinary tract infection.

A group of 309 children over the age of 2 years was investigated with ultrasound and plain X-ray for suspected urinary infection. In 29 cases there were abnormal findings and in 10 the abnormalities were confirmed with cystography and intravenous urography. Of 280 children whose ultrasound and plain X-ray findings were normal, 26 re-presented with further symptoms and investigation with cystography and urography showed abnormalities in only 4. The remaining 254 children have remained well and have been spared the uncomfortable and potentially dangerous examinations of cystography and urography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A study of wrist injuries in children: the incidence of various injuries and of premature closure of the distal radial growth plate.

There were 362 wrist injuries in 359 patients under 18 years of age who attended the Accident & Emergency Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, over a 1-year period. These included soft tissue injuries (53%), epiphyseal injuries (4%) and fractures of the distal forearm or carpus (43%) which were reviewed 3 years after injury. At re-examination, a repeat X-ray was undertaken and this showed evidence of premature epiphyseal fusion in three of the 281 who returned for review and in these three patients there was a history of persistent symptoms in the affected wrist or forearm. It is suggested that patients with an obvious epiphyseal injury or those who have persistent symptoms following an injury to the wrist should be followed carefully to skeletal maturity in order to detect early partial or total closure of the growth plate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The costs and effects of introducing selectively trained radiographers to an A&E reporting service: a retrospective controlled before and after study.

The costs and effects of introducing selectively trained radiographers reporting accident and emergency (A&E) radiographs of the appendicular skeleton in a district general hospital were assessed using a retrospective controlled before and after design. Reference standard reports were compared with a random stratified sample of 200 A&E and 200 general practitioner (GP) reports before and after the intervention. GP reports were used as a non-intervention, non-equivalent control group. An A&E specialist registrar judged whether incorrect A&E reports might have a clinically important effect on patient management. The effect of incorrect A&E reports on outcome was assessed by patient re-attendance to the hospital because of missed abnormalities. The annual, average and incremental costs of radiographers and radiologists reporting A&E radiographs were calculated and a sensitivity analysis was undertaken. The introduction of the radiographers resulted in a 1% (95% CI -7.9 to 5.9) fall in A&E radiograph reporting accuracy and 11% (95% CI -33.7 to 11.3) reduction of cases in which incorrect A&E reports might have a clinically important effect on patient management. Only two A&E reports (one before and one after the intervention) affected patient outcome in that a fracture missed at the first visit resulted in patient re-attendance to the X-ray Department. There was a saving of 361 pounds per annum to the X-ray Department. In conclusion this study provides further evidence that selectively trained radiographers can accurately report A&E plain radiographs and at no additional cost.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1994

[Arthroscopic distension irrigation in acute postoperative infection of the knee joint--long-term follow-up].

Between 1983 and 1993, 26 patients, 12 patients from our clinic and 14 referred patients, had to be treated because of a septic knee joint following open ligament repair or subsequent arthroscopic surgery. Immediately after arthrocentesis for synovial-fluid analysis a distension-irrigation system was established under arthroscopic control as described by R.W. Jackson. Three tubes were placed into the knee joint cavity. One was used for inflow and the other two for outflow. Distension was performed by open inflow and closed outflow tubes each second hour for 10 to 15 min. Systemic antibiotics were administered. In 22 aspirated materials the cultures revealed bacteria: mostly staphylococcus aureus (65%). In two cases in which irrigation of the knee-joint infection was performed later than the 10th postoperative day a relapse of the infection occurred and required a complete debridement and synovectomy. During follow-up period three patients underwent second look arthroscopy due to meniscus tear, rupture of an ACL reconstruction and synovial proliferation. 7 +/- 3 (2-13) years after treatment, 24 patients were re-examined, all had x-rays and 11 patients had a MRI of the knee joint additionally. 19 patients showed excellent or good results: no complaints, full ROM, no signs of osteoarthritis on x-rays and nearly normal participation in sports 4 out of 11 patients had signs of cartilage lesion and synovial proliferation. This retrospective study indicates that the distension-irrigation system is successful only in early acute cases of knee-joint infections of postoperative origins.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Satisfactory results of surgical reconstruction of rotator cuff ruptures, 1984-1990].

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the middle-long term results of open surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears and identification of pre- and peroperative parameters with predictive value for the final result. DESIGN: Retrospective study (1984-1990). SETTING: Department of orthopaedics of the Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. METHOD: All patients were asked to cooperate on an extensive standard anamnesis and physical examination. Re-evaluation of the X-rays, arthrograms and operation reports took place. There were three stragglers. RESULTS: The follow-up concerned 41 shoulders in 40 patients (21 women, 19 men). The average age was 61 years (37-77). The average postoperative period was 5 years (2.5-9.2). The subjective final result was satisfactory in 80% as judged by persistent complaints and function of the operated shoulder. Young and active patients were less satisfied with the final result than older, female patients. More persistent complaints were seen in larger and longer existing cuff tears. CONCLUSIONS: Open surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears gave a satisfying result, as described in literature. Sex, age, level of activity and size of the tear appeared to be predictive parameters for the subjective final result.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Levels of serum KL-6 in a patient with drug-induced pneumonitis].

We describe a 67-year-old man in who serum KL-6 levels were measured during drug-induced pneumonia. The patient was hospitalized, because of coughing, fever, and dyspnea on exertion after administration of Sho-saiko-to (herbal medicine). After he was hospitalized, his symptoms were relieved, and the infiltration shadow on chest X-ray films resolved, but after re-administration of Sho-saiko-to, fever and hypoxemia developed. The serum KL-6 level was again high one day after oral re-administration of the drug. However, the level of lactate dehydrogenase in serum was not high after the re-administration. After treatment with on oral steroid drug the serum KL-6 level decreased gradually, symptoms were relieved the previously high level of c-reactive protein in serum decreased, the previously high white blood cell count decreased, and radiographic findings returned to normal. The diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonia is difficult, because specific diagnostic measures have not been developed. In the present case the serum KL-6 level increased rapidly after re-administration of the drug, and therefore measurement of serum KL-6 level may be helpful in the diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonia.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Mixed Chloride/Phosphine Complexes of the Dirhenium Core. 3. Novel Structures with Diethylphosphido-bridges and Terminal Diethylphosphines.

The interaction between octachlorodirhenium anions and diethylphosphine has been shown to strongly depend on reaction conditions, mainly the nature of the solvent and the amount of phosphine. As a result, novel dirhenium products with oxidation states ranging from Re(II) to Re(IV) have been obtained. The reaction of [Re(2)Cl(8)](2)(-) with an excess of PEt(2)H in dichloromethane or acetonitrile led to the first example of a face-sharing complex of rhenium(IV) with three phosphido-bridges, namely [Bu(n)(4)N][Re(2)(&mgr;-PEt(2))(3)Cl(6)] (1). The unusual edge-sharing Re(2)(&mgr;-PEt(2))(2)Cl(4)(PEt(2)H)(4) (2) complex of rhenium(III) with C(i)() core symmetry, containing both terminal phosphines and phosphido-bridges, has been obtained by carrying out the reaction with an excess of PEt(2)H in a benzene (or propanol) - HCl mixture at room temperature. A new example of the 1,2,7,8-type of dirhenium(II) complex, Re(2)Cl(4)(PEt(2)H)(4) (3), having diethylphosphine ligands located cis on each Re atom, has been isolated from the reaction of [Re(2)Cl(8)](2)(-) with PEt(2)H in an ethanol-HCl medium. The solid-state structures of complexes 1-3 have been investigated by X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1 and 2 both crystallized in two forms: [Bu(n)(4)N][Re(2)(&mgr;-PEt(2))(3)Cl(6)] 1a, P2(1)/n with a = 10.482(1) Å, b = 16.512(2) Å, c = 23.986(2) Å, beta = 93.637(8) degrees, and Z = 4; [Bu(n)(4)N][Re(2)(&mgr;-PEt(2))(3)Cl(6)].1.5 C(7)H(8) 1b, C2/c with a = 38.746(9) Å, b = 10.322(2) Å, c = 27.277(3) Å, beta = 110.35(1) degrees, and Z = 8; Re(2)(&mgr;-PEt(2))(2)Cl(4)(PEt(2)H)(4) 2a, P2(1)/n with a = 11.081(3) Å, b = 11.029(3) Å, c = 15.627(2) Å, beta = 90.05(1) degrees, and Z = 2; 2b, P2(1)/c with a = 16.094(3) Å, b = 15.193(3) Å, c = 15.548(3) Å, beta = 100.98(3) degrees, and Z = 4. X-ray data for complex Re(2)Cl(4)(PEt(2)H)(4) 3 are as follows: P2(1)/n with a = 10.445(2) Å, b = 10.113(3) Å, c = 13.473(2) Å, beta = 102.17(2) degrees, and Z = 2. Three bridging &mgr;-PEt(2) groups in the face-sharing complex 1 span a short metal-metal distance of 2.4060(6) Å, averaged over 1a and 1b, with a small Re-PEt(2)-Re angle of 61.34(7) degrees. The rhenium-rhenium bond length in the edge-sharing complex 2 is 2.7545(7) Å, averaged over 2a and 2b, while the bridging Re-PEt(2)-Re angle is 72.16(6) degrees, and the P-Re-P angle for the terminal phosphine ligands is 87.11(7) degrees. The Re-Re bond distance in 3, 2.2533(8) Å, is typical for triply bonded dirhenium complexes, and the P-Re-P angle for the cis phosphine groups is 93.12(6) degrees.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis of Homoleptic Neopentoxide and Hydrido-Neopentoxide Trirhenium(III) Clusters.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(6) and to determine if it could serve as a source of Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(H)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(5) by analogy to Re(3)(&mgr;-O-i-Pr)(3)(O-i-Pr)(6), a previously reported cluster that exists in solution as an equilibrium mixture with Re(3)(&mgr;-O-i-Pr)(3)(H)(O-i-Pr)(5) and acetone. The halide Re(3)(&mgr;-Cl)(3)Cl(6)(THF)(3) reacts at room temperature in THF with 9 equiv of NaOCH(2)CMe(3) to give Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(6). An X-ray crystallographic study shows that the core of the homoleptic cluster has virtual D(3h) symmetry, which is consistent with solution NMR data. In refluxing THF, Re(3)(&mgr;-Cl)(3)Cl(6)(THF)(3) reacts with 10 equiv of NaOCH(2)CMe(3) to give [Na(THF)(2)][Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(H)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(6)]. The same anionic hydride cluster is also produced when Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(6) reacts with excess NaOCH(2)CMe(3) in hot THF. Spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data show that [Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(H)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(6)](-) has virtual C(s)() core symmetry with a terminal hydride and two terminal alkoxides located at the unique rhenium atom. The hydride and one of the alkoxides have a trans-H-Re-OR arrangement, and in the solid state structure the terminal alkoxide ligands at the unique rhenium atom interact with [Na(THF)(2)](+). It is proposed [Na(THF)(2)][Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(H)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(6)] forms when Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(H)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(5) or its pivaldehyde adduct, which is generated by neopentoxide beta-hydrogen elimination from Re(3)(&mgr;-OCH(2)CMe(3))(3)(OCH(2)CMe(3))(6), is trapped by NaOCH(2)CMe(3). Crystal data are as follows. C(45)H(99)O(9)Re(3) at -50 degrees C: Pbca (orthorhombic); a = 19.570(2), b = 28.192(3), c = 21.203(3) Å; Z = 8. Na(+)[C(45)H(100)O(9)Re(3)](-).2C(4)H(8)O at -50 degrees C: P&onemacr; (triclinic); a = 13.040(2), b = 14.716(2), c = 19.653(4) Å; alpha = 92.38(1), beta = 92.30(1), gamma = 113.42(1) degrees; Z = 2.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Design, synthesis, and chemistry of sterically nondemanding primary bisphosphines.

Design and synthesis of chelating bisphosphines functionalized with the smallest chemical unit "H" on the P(III) centers ((PH(2)CH(2))(2)CHCH(2)NHPh (4) and (PH(2)CH(2))(2)CHCONHPh (5)) are described. Studies demonstrating that no bulky chemical substituents are necessary to offer thermal/oxidative stability to the -PH(2) groups in 4 and 5 are described. The H atoms around the P(III) centers in 5 (or 4) concur limited/no steric influence, but yet the phosphines manifest high nucleophilicity to coordinate strongly with W(0) and Re(I). The studies include synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of an air-stable primary bisphosphine (5) and its transition-metal chemistry with W(CO)(6) and Re(CO)(5)Br to produce the complexes (eta(2)-(PH(2)CH(2))(2)CHCONHPh)W(CO)(4) (6) and (eta(2)-(PH(2)CH(2))(2)CHCONHPh)Re(CO)(3)Br (7), respectively.

Chelating Agents↗
PubMed2001

Silver as an exopolyhedral auxiliary to the rhenacarborane anion [Re(CO)3(eta5-7,8-C2B9H11)]-.

The rhenacarborane salt Cs[Re(CO)3(eta5-7,8-C2B9H11)] (1) has been used to synthesize the tetranuclear metal complex [[ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3]2[mu-Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2]] (3) where two [ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3] fragments have been shown by X-ray crystallography to be bridged by a single 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane ligand. Reaction of 1 with Ag[BF4] in the presence of the ligands bis- or tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane yields the complexes [ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3[kappa2-CH2(C3H3N2-1)2]] (4) or [[ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3]2[mu-kappa1,kappa2-CH(C3H3N2-1)3]] (5), respectively. From X-ray studies, the former comprises a Re-Ag bond bridged by the carborane cage and with the bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane coordinating the silver(I) center in an asymmetric kappa(2) mode. Complex 5 was unexpectedly found to contain a tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane bridging two [ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3] fragments in a kappa1,kappa2 manner. Treatment of 1 with Ag[BF4] in the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl and 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridyl yields [ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3[kappa2-(C5H4N-2)(2)]] (6) and [ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3[kappa3-C5H3N(C5H4N-2)2-2,6]] (7). The X-ray structure determination of 7 revealed an unusual pentacoordinated silver(I) center, asymmetrically ligated by a kappa3-2,2':6',2' '-terpyridyl molecule. The same synthetic procedure using N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine gave a tetranuclear metal complex [[ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3]2[mu-Me2N(CH2)2NMe2]2] (8) which is believed, in the solid state, to be bridged between the silver atoms by two of the diamine molecules. The salt 1 with Ag[BF4] in the absence of any added ligand gave the tetrameric cluster [ReAg[mu-5,6,10-(H)3-eta5-7,8-C2B9H8](CO)3]4 (9) where, in the solid state, four [ReAg(mu-10-H-eta5-7,8-C2B9H10)(CO)3] units are held together by long interunit B-H right harpoon-up Ag bonds.

Journal Article↗