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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Teaching cell and molecular biology for gender equity.

Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, including cell biology, are characterized by the "leaky pipeline" syndrome in which, over time, women leave the discipline. The pipeline itself and the pond into which it empties may not be neutral. Explicating invisible norms, attitudes, and practices by integrating social studies of science into science education may be the necessary first step in helping female students persist in STEM disciplines. In 2003 and 2004, a sophomore Cell and Molecular Biology course at Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA) was taught integrating social studies of science with standard material. The course was successfully implemented, teaching students factual content while increasing awareness of the cultures of science and their self-confidence in engaging with the subject. Course evaluation data indicated that females in particular perceived greater gains in logical thinking and problem-solving abilities than females in a traditional cell biology course. Consistent with K-12 studies, males in this class were likely to view scientists as male only, whereas females viewed scientists as male and female. This pilot project demonstrates that social studies can be integrated successfully in a cell biology course. Longitudinal studies of this cohort of students will indicate whether this approach contributes to the retention of women in the field.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

The creation and early implementation of a high speed fiber optic network for a university health sciences center.

In late 1989 the University of Missouri Health Sciences Center began the process of creating an extensive fiber optic network throughout its facilities, with the intent to provide networked computer access to anyone in the Center desiring such access, regardless of geographic location or organizational affiliation. A committee representing all disciplines within the Center produced and, in conjunction with independent consultants, approved a comprehensive design for the network. Installation of network backbone components commenced in the second half of 1990 and was completed in early 1991. As the network entered its initial phases of operation, the first realities of this important new resource began to manifest themselves as enhanced functional capacity in the Health Sciences Center. This paper describes the development of the network, with emphasis on its design criteria, installation, early operation, and management. Also included are discussions on its organizational impact and its evolving significance as a medical community resource.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2002

Improving childhood asthma outcomes in the United States: a blueprint for policy action.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Asthma is increasingly being recognized as an important public health concern for children in the United States. Effective management of childhood asthma may require not only improving guideline-based therapeutic interventions, but also addressing social and physical environmental risk factors. The objective of this project was to create a blueprint for improvement of national policy in this area. DESIGN/METHODS: A nominal group process with nationally recognized experts and leaders (referred to as "the committee") in childhood asthma. RESULTS: The committee identified 11 policy recommendations (numbered in order below) in 2 broad categories: Improving Health Care Delivery and Financing, and Strengthening the Public Health Infrastructure. Recommendations regarding Improving Health Care Delivery and Financing include the development and implementation of quality-of-care standards in 1) primary care, 2) self-management education, and 3) case-management interventions, and the expansion of insurance coverage and benefit design by 4) extending continuous health insurance coverage for all children, 5) developing model insurance benefits packages for essential childhood asthma services, and 6) educating health care purchasers in how to use them. Recommendations for Strengthening the Public Health Infrastructure include public funding of asthma services that fall outside the insurance system through establishing 7) public health grants to foster asthma-friendly communities and 8) school-based asthma initiatives. 9) Launching a national asthma public education campaign, 10) developing a national asthma surveillance system, and 11) establishing a national agenda for asthma prevention research, with an emphasis on epidemiologic and behavioral sciences, are also recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing these recommendations will require coordination of activities at the national, state, and local community level, and within and outside the health care delivery system. With a further commitment of national and local resources, implementation of these recommendations will likely lead to improved child and family asthma outcomes in the United States. childhood asthma, health care policy, health care services.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2026

Identifying and Prioritizing Core Components of Relationship Education Programs: a Case Study of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assisted Systematic Review.

The field of prevention science seeks to identify and implement effective strategies to address social, emotional, and health challenges. A critical aspect of this endeavor is determining the core components of prevention programs that drive positive outcomes. This article presents a case study utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted systematic review methods to identify key components of healthy marriage and relationship education programs. Given the growing body of research in this domain, AI tools offer a promising means to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of literature reviews. This study employed AI to screen, code, and validate research articles, demonstrating its effectiveness in expediting systematic reviews while maintaining high accuracy in inclusion screening. This case study involved a systematic review of 22,028 resources (identified from PsycINFO, Academic Search Ultimate, and Google) and a final data set of 268 relevant studies. AI screening was integral in effectively conducting multiple rounds of screening. However, findings also highlight challenges in AI-assisted qualitative data abstraction, underscoring the continued need for human expertise in complex coding tasks. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on integrating AI into prevention science methodologies and offers insights for optimizing AI applications in systematic reviews.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2000

[Medical and Human Biological Sciences department of the University of Corsica as a tool for public health development].

To overcome the difficulties of access to training in health and the absence of biomedical research, the territorial community of Corsica recommended the implementation of a Department of Medical Sciences and Human Biology within the University of Corsica. It is within the framework of this department that different training courses targeting the full range of actors in the health system were organised, the large majority in agreement with medical faculty from the continent. It is also within this framework that a set of research themes was developed, permitting at full term, a better health management of the population. After four years in existence, we propose an assessment of training actions, and the results of the research work that associated hospital practitioners and university research professors and which allows one to imagine, notably, the development of a research axis in geography and health on the theme, "Genetics-Public Health-Environment in the Islands of the Mediterranean".

Biology↗
PubMed2002

Development and assessment of specialized liaison librarian services: clinical vs. basic science in a veterinary medicine setting.

In 1998, the University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries (HSCL) developed and implemented a Liaison Librarian Program, dedicated to providing customized, subject-specific services to the faculty, students, clinicians, researchers, staff, and administrators of the six Health Science Center Colleges (Dentistry, Health Professions, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Medicine). Subject- and role-specific (clinical vs. basic sciences) liaisons were assigned. This paper describes the HSCL liaison program, exemplified by the liaisons' work with the College of Veterinary Medicine. Preliminary program evaluation, a pilot project developed to discern the needs of the veterinary medicine clientele and facilitate awareness of liaison services, and subsequent re-evaluation of patron awareness and satisfaction are also discussed.

Communication↗
PubMed2002

[Role of social epidemiology in the evaluation of psychosocial health determinants].

The relationship between social factors and health status is well known in medical sciences. However, the importance of methods implemented in the assessment of psychosocial health determinants has been addressed only recently. The combined perspective of epidemiology and sociology showed the need for the new science called social epidemiology. The aim of this work was to review the results of studies on effects of psychosocial factors on increased risk of disease and death. The association between socioeconomic position and health is well established. There is a direct relationship--the better the socioeconomic position the better health. The socioeconomic relative inequalities not only the absolute differences between socioeconomic groups influence health. The relationship between unemployment and increased mortality has been reported in western industrialized countries. Classical longitudinal studies of unemployed cohorts showed that unemployed men had higher mortality. Social epidemiology has also revealed the influence of social relationships on mortality. The theory of social support and social network buffer links social ties to less morbidity, mortality and better functioning. Randomized clinical trials positively tested the role of social support in preventive medicine, especially for secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It is critical to adopt findings of social epidemiology by health care policy. The epidemiological investigations and experimental research have shown how psychosocial interventions and economic policies are central to improving population health.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A distance learning project in the radiologic sciences.

This article describes the design and implementation of a three-year distance learning program in radiologic technology. The project was a collaborative effort of the Service Employees International Union and Bunker Hill Community College in Boston, Mass. Its goal was to offer an associate degree in medical radiography to a group of students residing throughout the commonwealth of Massachusetts. Of the 11 students enrolled in the distance learning program, 10 graduated and 8 became certified in radiography by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.

Boston↗
PubMed2006

Migrating a lecture in nursing informatics to a blended learning format--A bottom-up approach to implement an open-source web-based learning management system.

At the university of applied sciences in Germany a learning management system has been implemented. The migration of classic courses to a web-enhances curriculum can be categorized into three phases independent of the technology used. The first two phases "dedicated website" and "database supported content management system" are mainly concerned with bringing the learning material and current information online and making it available to the students. The goal is here to make the maintenance of the learning material easier. The third phase characterized by the use of a learning management system offers the support of more modern didactic principles like social constructionism or problem-oriented learning. In this papers the phases as they occurred with the migration of a course of nursing informatics are described and experiences discussed.. The absence of institutional goals associated with the use of a learning management system led to a bottom-up approach triggered by faculty activities that can be described by a promoter model rather than by a process management model. The use of an open source learning management systems made this process easier to realize since no financial commitment is required up front.

Education, Distance↗
PubMed2001

Science, policy, stakeholders, and fish consumption advisories: developing a fish fact sheet for the Savannah River.

In recent years there has been a startling rise in the issuance of fish consumption advisories. Unfortunately, compliance by the public is often low. Low compliance can be due to a number of factors, including confusion over the meaning of advisories, conflicting advisories issued by different agencies, controversies involving health benefits versus the risks from consuming fish, and an unwillingness to act on the advisories because of personal beliefs. In some places, such as along the Savannah River, one state (South Carolina) had issued a consumption advisory while the other (Georgia) had not, although at present, both states now issue consumption advisories for the Savannah River. Herein we report on the development of a fish fact sheet to address the confusing and conflicting information available to the public about consuming fish from the Savannah River. The process involved interviewing fishers to ascertain fishing and consumption patterns, evaluating contaminant levels and exposure pathways, discussing common grounds for the provision of information, and consensus-building among different regulatory agencies (US Environmental Protection Agency, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Georgia Department of Natural Resources) and the Department of Energy. Consensus, a key ingredient in solving many different types of "commons" problems, was aided by an outside organization, the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP). The initial role for CRESP was to offer scientific data as a basis for groups with different assumptions about risks to reach agreement on a regulatory response action. The process was an example of how credible science can be used to implement management and policies and provide a basis for consensus-building on difficult risk communication issues. The paper provides several lessons for improving the risk process from stakeholder conflicts, through risk assessment, to risk management. It also suggests that consensus-building and risk communication are continuing processes that involve assimilation of new information on contaminants and food-chain processes, state and federal law, public policy, and public response.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Embryonic cleavage modeling as a computational approach to sphere packing problem.

Embryonic cleavage depends on the distribution in the cytosol of molecular signals that influence mitotic spindle positioning. By implementing the New Kind of Science (NKS) theory in which a simple rule can evolve with a complex overall behavior, here we propose a new theoretical approach that is capable of modeling the mechanisms of early embryonic cleavage dynamics in the ascidian Styela Partita. The model shows that the same spindle pole orientation rule governs the first five embryonic cleavages, which progressively allow the transition from one to thirty-two daughter cells. Finally, we present evidence of a strong similarity between Kepler's Sphere Packing Problem and embryonic cleavage, which thus represents a prominent example of natural computing.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

The future of education in the molecular life sciences.

The changing landscape of education in biochemistry and molecular biology presents many challenges for the future, for students and educators alike. The exponential increase in knowledge, the genomics, proteomics and computing revolutions, and the merging of once separate fields in biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics, mean that we need to rethink how we should be preparing today's science undergraduates for the future. What do we need to change, and how will we implement it?

Biochemistry↗
PubMed2003

The evolution of the international system of radiological protection: stakeholder views from the 1st and 2nd NEA/ICRP fora.

The Nuclear Energy Agency's (NEA's) Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has collaborated closely with the ICRP in its efforts to develop new recommendations for radiological protection at the start of the 21st century. As part of this effort, the NEA organised, in collaboration with the ICRP, two fora to discuss the radiological protection of the environment (Taormina, February 2002) and the future policy for radiological protection (Lanzarote, April 2003). Both these meetings were attended by a broad representation of stakeholders. The CRPPH and other stakeholders universally appreciated the opportunity to speak directly with the ICRP on these important subjects. This report summarises the main conclusions made during these two meetings to advance the deliberations of the ICRP to create a new set of recommendations responsive to stakeholder needs, firmly rooted in science, and that can be implemented in a timely, efficient and cost-effective manner.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Laboratory, reading center, and coordinating center data management methods in the Jackson Heart Study.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. In comparison to whites, African-Americans have a higher risk of dying from CVD and have a worse risk factor profile. The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) is designed to investigate the origin and natural history of CVD in African-Americans. METHODS: Reading centers for electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, carotid ultrasonograms, pulmonary function tests, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provide training for data accrual, quality assurance assessments, and specialized measurements for research objectives. Laboratories adhering to well-established quality assurance programs provide blood and urine analyses, as well as storage of specimens for future assays. A new Coordinating Center was created to perform functions analogous to those of coordinating centers for multisite studies, including protocol development, data management, statistical analyses, and operational support for the study. An established coordinating center serves as a resource to the JHS Coordinating Center, providing assistance in preparing procedure manuals and data collection forms. This group also designed and developed the JHS data management system. RESULTS: This network of specialized research organizations is implementing state- of-the-science methodologies to assess prevalence, progression, and incidence of CVD and subclinical atherosclerosis, and to evaluate a myriad of risk factors. From November 2000 through March 2004, JHS collected 4000 data fields on each of more than 5300 African-American participants. CONCLUSIONS: This article describes the roles of specialized research agencies contributing to JHS, and the methodologies being utilized to accumulate study data. A diverse collection of scientific disciplines is required to collect the information needed to meet the objectives of the JHS.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed2004

What impact will the immune tolerance network have on the future treatment of allergic diseases?

The immune tolerance network (ITN) plans to capitalize on the current state of understanding of immunologic science to solicit, design and implement human trails designed to 'cure' allergic diseases. While the ITN can bring tremendous resources to bear, it is actively looking for the participation of innovative physician-scientists worldwide in order to optimize the changes of success and thereby have a major impact on the future treatment of allergic diseases.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Nurses' perception of their psychological role in treating rehabilitation patients: a study employing the critical incident technique.

This study presents the theoretical literature on the psychological role of nurses. The nurses' perception of their psychological role is empirically obtained, employing the critical incident technique. General aims and objectives of pschological care of physically ill patients are formulated and are found to generally support the theoretical literature. Nurses were clearly found to perceive their psychological role as covering a very broad spectrum, the ultimate of which was the ability to anticipate and meet the emotional needs of the patient. The importance of implementing the application of social science concepts and methods to nursing is discussed.

Adult↗