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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

Studies of ion-exchange resin complex of chloroquine phosphate.

High-potency adsorbates of chloroquine phosphate (CQP) were prepared by the batch method using a polyacrylic acid ion-exchange resin. Taste evaluation of the adsorbates shows significant masking of the bitterness of the drug. The complex formation was complete at pH 6.0. Stability studies at 37 degrees C, 45 degrees C, and 60 degrees C indicated that the complex was stable at all conditions for 1 month. In vitro release studies revealed complete drug elution from the complex at pH 1.2 and 2.0.

Acrylic Resins↗

Use of ion-exchange resins to prepare 100 microm-sized microcapsules with prolonged drug-release by the Wurster process.

Ion-exchange resin (IER)--drug complexes were used as core materials to explore their capability to prepare a 100 microm-sized, highly drug-incorporated microcapsule with a prolonged drug release by the Wurster process. Diclofenac sodium was loaded into Dowex 1-X2 fractionated into 200--400 mesh and subsequently microencapsulated with two types of aqueous colloidal polymer dispersion, Aquacoator Eudragit RS30D. The mass median diameter and drug content of the microcapsules thus obtained were 98 microm and 46% with Aquacoat, and 95 microm and 50% with Eudragit RS30D, respectively. Each microcapsule was obtained at a product yield of 94%. The rate of drug release from the microcapsules was highly dependent on the encapsulating materials. For the microcapsules coated with Aquacoat, diclofenac sodium was found to be rapidly released over 4 h, even at a 25 wt% coating level because of cracks on the microcapsule surfaces resulting from the swelling stress of the drug-loaded IER cores. In contrast, significantly prolonged drug-release was achieved in the microcapsules prepared with Eudragit RS30D: even such a very low coating level as 3 wt% provided an exceptionally prolonged drug-release over 24 h. The results indicated that the use of IER along with a flexible coating material would be a feasible way to prepare a prolonged release type of microcapsules with a diameter of 100 microm and a drug content of more than 50% by the Wurster process.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

Examination of styrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins, used in contact with food, for potential migrants.

The nature of extractable substances from five types of styrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins used in the preparation of foodstuffs was investigated. Strong acid cation resins, strong and weak base anion resins, and an active carbon replacement resin were examined. These resins are used for a variety of purposes including water softening, decalcification of sugar syrups, demineralization, removal of nitrate ions from water and decolourization. Analysis was carried out using electrospray LC-MS- and GC-MS-based methodologies. Extractable substances from new resins were identified as mainly being by-products of the resin manufacturing process. Levels of extractable substances decreased with washing.

Chromatography, Liquid↗

Plasma adsorption to charcoal and ion-exchange resin for treating postoperative hepatic failure.

Postoperative hepatic failure was treated by plasma adsorption (PA) to charcoal and ion-exchange resin in five patients suffering from pancreatic or biliary carcinoma that was not accompanied by liver cirrhosis. Four of these patients recovered completely from the hepatic failure, while the fifth patient recovered sufficiently to be taken off the treatment for three weeks. Reactions in platelet counts and circulatory system during and after the PA treatment were minimal in all these patients. PA proved to be an effective liver support system for treating non-cirrhotic patients with postoperative hepatic failure.

Adsorption↗

Enhanced coagulation using a magnetic ion exchange resin.

The objective of this investigation was to examine the effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) to enhance the coagulation of disinfection by-product precursors in nine surface waters, each representing a different element of the USEPA's 3 x 3 enhanced coagulation matrix. The effect of MIEX-pretreatment on the requisite alum dose needed for subsequent coagulation of turbidity was also evaluated. Enhanced coagulation with MIEX was found to be very effective for removing trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors from the nine waters examined. THM and HAA formation potential was reduced by more than 60% in all of the waters studied; reductions approaching 90% were seen in the waters with the highest specific ultraviolet absorbance values. The residual total organic carbon concentration, ultraviolet absorbance, and THM and HAA formation potential were all substantially lower as a result of MIEX and alum treatment compared to alum coagulation alone. MIEX pre-treatment also lowered the coagulant demand of each of the waters substantially.

Alum Compounds↗