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PubMedDate not supplied

Control of analyzer slope and intercept in the measurement of packed red cell volume (PCV): part I.

Five multichannel hematology analyzers (four different models) were evaluated to determine the ability of analyzers to correctly measure packed cell volume (PCV) values across the clinically relevant range. A sixth analyzer (fifth model) was subsequently included using archival data. Twenty-two different blood samples with PCVs ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 L/L were run in duplicate on each analyzer. Duplicate reference PCV determinations were also done using the recently described ICSH-recommended reference method. Simultaneously, a simpler "surrogate reference" procedure was performed in duplicate. Analyzer values were compared to ICSH reference and to surrogate reference PCV values using Deming regression analysis. Compared to either reference, all analyzers showed a slope of less than 1.0, thereby overestimating the PCV at 0.2 L/L and underestimating the PCV at 0.6 L/L to some extent. This outcome was surprising. Deming regression slopes would be expected to average at 1.0. Instruments whose slopes are significantly less than 1.0 will show decreased sensitivity to both anemic and polycythemic patients. We know of no inherent reason why multichannel analyzers should behave in this fashion.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The effect of aqueous extracts of Cynomorium coccineum and Withania somnifera on testicular development in immature Wistar rats.

The effect of lyophilized aqueous extract of Cynomorium coccineum and Withania somnifera on testicular development and on serum levels of testosterone, ICSH and FSH was studied in immature male Wistar rats. There was a notable increase in testicular weight of animals treated with both extracts. Histological examination revealed an apparent increase in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of seminiferous tubular cell layers in the testes of treated rats as compared with control ones. Extracts of both plants elicited notable spermatogenesis in immature rats but C. coccineum was more effective than W. somnifera in that respect. Serum testosterone and FSH levels were lower in animals treated with plants extracts than controls, whereas ICSH levels was higher in treated animals, specially in those treated with C. coccineum. It was concluded that extracts of both plants have a direct spermatogenic influence on the seminiferous tubules of immature rats presumably by exerting a testosterone-like effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Unmodified performance in runners following anabolic steroid administration.

The effect of a low-dose treatment (10 mg/day) of stanozolol on the anaerobic threshold (AT) and on maximal velocity (Vmax) was studied in ten well-trained runners in a 6-week trial experiment. The serum levels of testosterone (T), interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), and of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined before, during, and after the steroid administration. No improvements of AT and Vmax were found. No improvement of the competition running times was observed during the experimental period. The ICSH and FSH serum concentrations did not change significantly, while a marked decrease of the T serum concentration was observed. It is concluded that a low-dose treatment of stanozolol, sufficient to depress the testicular function, does not improve athletic performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The TEST 1 automated system: a new method for measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

We evaluated performance of the TEST 1 (SIRE Analytical Systems, Udine, Italy), a fully automated analyzer for the measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Intra-assay reproducibility was satisfactory for a wide range of ESR values, whereas there was a significant decrease in ESR data when the samples were stored at 4 degrees C for up to 24 hours. We compared TEST 1 with the Westergren ESR method approved by the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) and with the Diesse Ves-Matic analyzer Linear regression analysis comparing the TEST 1 and the ICSH reference method yielded satisfactory correlations for K3 EDTA- and sodium citrate-anticoagulated samples. Bland-Altman analysis showed no evidence of a systematic bias between the TEST 1 and the reference method. A close correlation was found between the TEST 1 system and the Diesse Ves-Matic analyzer despite a significant positive systematic bias. Reference values for men and women were analyzed according to nonparametric statistics. The TEST 1 was easy to use, had a satisfactory operative practicability required minimal maintenance, and reduced contact with potential biohazards. This system enables the determination of ESR with any common standard-sized tube; the use of samples anticoagulated with K3 EDTA can widely reduce the workload in clinical laboratories.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Revised recommendations for the measurements of the serum iron in human blood. Iron Panel of the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology.

Certain modifications to the previously published ICSH recommendations (1978) have been approved by the Iron Panel of the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH). They include substitution of the chromogen bathophenanthroline sulphonate with ferrozine or ferene, which are more sensitive and cheaper, and a reduction in the volume of the test sample from 2 ml to 0.5 ml.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1971

Follicle-stimulating hormone and the regulation of testosterone secretion in rabbit testes.

Regulation of testosterone secretion is presumably mediated by interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH). However, there is little information on the actions of other chemical messengers in regulating testosterone secretion. We have shown that follicle-stimulating hormone augments testosterone secretion stimuated by ICSH in rabbit testes perfused in vitro with an artificial medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Breast cancer years after hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy and increased androgenic activity.

26 patients, in whom hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy had been performed for a gynecological indication several years before, were tested for urinary testosterone (by a gas chromatographic method) and interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) (by a hemagglutination-inhibition method). 12 patients did not develop any pathology of the breast 8.1 +/- 2.2 years after ovariectomy (control group), and 14 patients developed breast cancer 13.0 +/- 3.0 years after ovariectomy (breast cancer group). The average number of years following ovariectomy did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the mean values of testosterone and of ICSH excretion between the patients of the control group and those of the breast cancer group, but a significant proportion (6 out of 14) of the breast cancer group patients had a much higher testosterone excretion than the highest level (8.4 microgram/24 h) in patients of the control group. This incidence (42.8%) tested by the chi-square method was found to be significant (p less than 0.02).

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1996

Simultaneous automated determination of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities in whole blood.

We report a potentiometric fully automated method for determining red cell glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities and the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase index using 25 microliters of whole blood. No sample pre-treatment (e.g., preparation of the haemolysate) is needed and the measurements are performed at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C under the conditions recommended by the ICSH committee. The reproducibility was constantly good, with within-run CV of 1.0% (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and 5.9% (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) for activities in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase non-deficient adults, and of 2.3% (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD) and 2.5% (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) for G6PDMediterranean heterozygotes. Linearity was observed up to an activity of 2800 U/l of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (U/l) in whole blood (y) correlated well with those obtained with the previously described monostarter assay, performed at pH 9.2 (y = 0.60x + 37; n = 80; r = 0.991). Results of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (U/l) in whole blood (y) correlated well with those obtained by the ICSH recommended method (x) (y = 0.779x - 44; n = 23; r = 0.991). Reference intervals are reported for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase index relatively to normal, beta- and alpha-thalassaemic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase non-deficient adults, to glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient adult males and to G6PDMediterranean non-thalassaemic heterozygotes. We demonstrate that the diagnostic sensitivity of the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase index in detecting the G6PDMediterranean heterozygotes is superior to that of the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Determination of the length of sedimentation reaction (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in non-anticoagulated blood with the Microtest 1.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), now more appropriately referred to as the "length of sedimentation reaction in blood (LSRB)", remains the most widely used laboratory test for monitoring the course of infections, inflammatory diseases and some types of cancer. Thanks to the several recently developed methods for the measurement of this reaction, the safety and reliability of LSRB testing procedures have improved. The method for LSRB measurement recommended by the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) is based on the traditional Westergren method, using EDTA-anticoagulated samples. The present paper describes and evaluates a procedure for LSRB measurement with a new manual system, the Microtest 1, which requires only 30 microl of blood and is optimal for pediatric use. Microtest 1 results correlated satisfactorily with the ICSH recommended method (r=0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.91; y=3.45+0.85x), had no significant bias (2.15, 95% CI -0.32-4.63) and had an imprecision of less than 7% for the reference range values. In addition, the results obtained with the Microtest 1 in "native" whole blood were comparable with those obtained with the reference method in K3EDTA and sodium citrate-anticoagulated specimens; (bias = 1.19, 95% CI -1.78 to 4.16 for K3EDTA-anticoagulated samples and bias = 2.43, 95% CI -0.58 to 5.44 for sodium citrate-anticoagulated samples).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Is automated platelet counting still a problem in thrombocytopenic blood?

CONTEXT: Reliable platelet counting is crucial for indicating prophylactic platelet transfusion in thrombocytopenic patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the precision and accuracy of platelet counting for thrombocytopenic patients, using four different automated counters in comparison with the Brecher & Cronkite reference method recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH). TYPE OF STUDY: Automated platelet counting assessment in thrombocytopenic patients. SETTING: Hematology Laboratory, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, and the Hematology Division of Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Brecher & Cronkite reference method and four different automated platelet counters. PARTICIPANTS: 43 thrombocytopenic patients with platelet counts of less than 30,000/microliter. RESULTS: The ADVIA-120 (Bayer), Coulter STKS, H1 System (Technicom-Bayer) and Coulter T-890 automatic instruments presented great precision and accuracy in relation to laboratory thrombocytopenic samples obtained by diluting blood from normal donors. However, when thrombocytopenic patients were investigated, all the counters except ADVIA (which is based on volume and refraction index) showed low accuracy when compared to the Brecher & Cronkite reference method (ICSH). The ADVIA counter showed high correlation (r = 0.974). However, all counters showed flags in thrombocytopenic samples. CONCLUSION: The Brecher & Cronkite reference method should always be indicated in thrombocytopenic patients for platelet counts below 30,000 plt/microliter obtained in one dimensional counters.

Brazil↗
PubMed2004

Preventing 3 million premature deaths and helping 5 million smokers quit: a national action plan for tobacco cessation.

In August 2002, the Subcommittee on Cessation of the Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health (ICSH) was charged with developing recommendations to substantially increase rates of tobacco cessation in the United States. The subcommittee's report, A National Action Plan for Tobacco Cessation, outlines 10 recommendations for reducing premature morbidity and mortality by helping millions of Americans stop using tobacco. The plan includes both evidence-based, population-wide strategies designed to promote cessation (e.g., a national quitline network) and a Smokers' Health Fund to finance the programs (through a 2 US dollar per pack excise tax increase). The subcommittee report was presented to the ICSH (February 11, 2003), which unanimously endorsed sending it to Secretary Thompson for his consideration. In this article, we summarize the national action plan.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2000

Myeloproliferative Disease: Polycythemia Vera: The Packed Cell Volume and The Curious Logic of The Red Cell Mass.

Since the first systematic blood volume studies of polycythemia in the 1920s, measurement of blood volume and red cell mass (RCM) has become routine. However, the radionuclide-labeling methods promulgated by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) remain complex and poorly understood. Many hematologists and other clinicians err in the belief that these methods permit "direct measurement" of RCM, whereas the ICSH method is indirect: it requires calculation of RCM from (PCV) x (whole blood volume). The use of an elevated value of PCV to calculate RCM in order to evaluate the same elevated value of PCV is a curiously circular logic that is embraced by most clinicians and most hematologists. Analysis of published data in 186 cases of polycythemia vera indicates that RCM is an exponential function of PCV. In most cases, PCV alone suffices to document normal or increased RCM. Relative polycythemia results from dehydration, not from stress. Clinicians need to be aware of the range of physiologic fluctuations that normally occur in plasma volume. Realistic criteria for normal ranges of PCV, Hb concentration and RCM should be adopted in clinical laboratories so that clinicians will not be misled to undertake futile and costly investigations of results that are in the upper percentiles of the normal distribution, as exemplified by the Ulysses Syndrome.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

On-farm development and testing of IPM packages for control of sorghum head-bugs in Mali.

Improved caudatum sorghum cultivars have spread since their introduction in the late nineteen-eighties in the Kolokani area, Mali, being cultivated at the turn of the millennium by many farmers over hundred villages, under the name "Gadiabani". Being compact-panicled, these varieties are prone to damage by the panicle-feeding bug Eurystylus oldi. On-farm trials were conducted in 1998 and 1999 in respectively five and 16 villages of this area, to establish the status of castor bean (Ricinus communis) as a source of sorghum infestation by E. oldi, and evaluate the management of this alternate host plant, in combination with sowing date manipulation and use of host plant resistance, as potential control options for this pest. Experimental designs were split-plots with three factors. Both years, eight sorghum cultivars were planted in two dates (DOS). The third factor studied was vicinity with castor in 1998, and castor management in 1999. There were five replicates in 1998, and three in 1999. Head-bug numbers were recorded on maturing grains, and head-bug damage was visually rated at grain maturity. In 1998, infestation and damage by head-bugs on sorghum panicles in trials located close to castor plants were significantly higher than on those with no castor in their vicinity. In 1999, castor management either by insecticidal treatment or physical removal of flowering castor spikes on plants neighboring test plots, immediately before sorghum flowering, significantly reduced E. oldi populations on sorghum panicles. In both years, the effect of sowing date was not significant on head-bug population, while in 1998, head-bug damage scores were significantly higher on DOS1 than on DOS2. In 1998, the genotypic effect was significant for both parameters, the hybrid ICSH 89002 being the most infested and damaged genotype, while Malisor 84-7 and 94-EPRS-GII-1122 were respectively the less infested and the less damaged. In 1999, the genotypic effect was also significant, local guinea and head-bug resistant controls Bibalawili and Malisor 84-7 being the less infested cultivars, compared to ICSH 89002, ICSV 1063, Gadiabani and ICSV 1079, which suffered severe infestation, while 87W810 and 94-EPRS-GII-1122 had an intermediate ranking. These results definitely demonstrate the role played by castor as a significant source of sorghum infestation by head-bugs, and the prospect for reducing both infestation and damage, by management of this alternate host, in conjunction with use of host plant resistance and to a lesser extent planting date manipulation, in IPM programs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot External Quality Assessment Scheme for haemocytometry in Italy.

BACKGROUND: An Italian EQA scheme for haemocytometry, organized by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, has been active for about five years (1984-1989). The aims of this programme were to evaluate the state of the art and to introduce in Italy a scheme recommended by ICSH. N. 126 public laboratories from different provinces joined voluntarily the programme and trials for haemoglobinometry (A01, A02), full blood count (B01-B08) and platelet count (D01-D03) were performed. METHODS: Materials for testing consisted of blood lysate, preserved blood preparation containing native red cells and pseudoleukocytes, suspension of fixed platelets. The performances of laboratories was evaluated by consensus values (median, mean and standard deviation) and individual deviation index. RESULTS: The instrument survey demonstrated that fully automated systems had the highest frequency. Non Gaussian distributions of results were often obtained and this was particularly true for WBC, PLT and MCV. The overall variability was lower than 5.5% for Hb, RBC and MCH and lower than 9.3% for other erythrocyte parameters; WBC and PLT counts displayed a higher dispersion (CV* = 9.8% and 25.4%); the spreading of results was strongly reduced in the homogeneous group of Coulter counters. In the course of the programme CV*s didn't show any relevant modification, a steady state performance being apparent. As regards the nature of variability, the random component was prevalent for all parameters, with the exception of MCV. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot programme allowed to demonstrate the practicability of a national EQAS for haemocytometry according to the ICSH guidelines. Materials for testing showed acceptable stability, homogeneity and commutability. As regards analytical equipment as well as analytical variability, hospital centers participating in these EQA trials were comparable with laboratories taking part in similar EQAS of other European countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the Sysmex NE-8000 analyzer according to the norms of the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology].

The Sysmex NE-8000 blood autoanalyser determines the values of red cells and platelets by impedance method and the differential leucocyte count (DLC) by means of radiofrequency plus two independent channels for eosinophils and basophils. The system is provided with a sampler capable of holding 100 closed tubes and its working velocity is about 120 samples per hour. The results of its evaluation are presented in this report. The parameters systematically provided by this cell counter include blood cell counts (plus haemoglobin rate, haematocrit and red cell indices), DLC platelet indices and volumetric distribution curves of red cells and platelets. The machine is provided with alarms on each of the above parameters for any suspicion of pathology. The accuracy analysis was performed with regard to the Technicon H*1 system and the conventional methods recommended by the ICSH. Precision, carry-over, linearity and effective velocity were evaluated in accordance to ICSH standards, and when assessing the DLC the number of visual revisions and the percentage of false positives and negatives were taken into account, and hence the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of the machine. The accuracy of the parameters analysed was acceptable, except for MCHC and monocyte and eosinophil counts. A fair precision was found except for the monocyte count, along with excellent linearity except for high white-cell count. Less than 1.5% carry-over was observed, except for the leucocyte count. The number of necessary revisions of the DLC was somewhat higher than expected, the false negatives being below 11%. Sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were over 75%, except for hospital patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1990

Calibration and control in haemoglobinometry.

In assigning values to fresh blood specimens used for calibrating automated blood cell analysers, haemoglobin concentration should be determined by the ICSH recommended hemiglobincyanide (HiCN) method. Errors in the reference method may be caused by inadequate blood collection, e.g. incorrect anticoagulation; inadequate dilution, e.g. use of inadequately calibrated pipettes; incomplete conversion of haemoglobins to HiCN, e.g. insufficient time for reactions to come to completion; during measurement, e.g. due to turbidity of the HiCN solution to be measured; or by transcription error. Readily available commercial reagent systems and secondary standards are compared with ICSH standards as to their compliance with these standards.

Calibration↗
PubMed1989

Automated haematology: construction of univariate reference ranges for blood cell count and size.

The theory of reference ranges advocated by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) was tested experimentally for an aperture impedance and a flow cytometric system. The reference sample was drawn from volunteer blood donors and the sampling procedure carefully standardised. Subjects were partitioned for gender and smoking habits, and their ages noted. Reference ranges were constructed from Gaussian statistics, after objective evaluation of the data, based on an assumed occurrence of one false positive measurement in every twenty samples. Different reference ranges were obtained on the two different systems for some haematological parameters, and partitioning also produced differences in calculated reference ranges. We conclude that strict adherence to the ICSH recommendations is almost impossible. Nevertheless, it is important that all laboratories should construct their own local reference ranges for their specific analytical systems before cost effective clinical decisions can be made.

Adult↗