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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of chloral hydrate, meperidine, and hydroxyzine to midazolam regimens for oral sedation of pediatric dental patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the effects of oral administration of a combination of chloral hydrate (CH) 25 mg/kg, hydroxyzine (H) 1 mg/kg, and meperidine (M) 1 mg/kg to midazolam 0.65 mg/kg using 50% nitrous oxide (N2O) on behavioral and physiological parameters of young children sedated for dental procedures. Factors associated with sedation effectiveness were identified, including age, preoperative behavior, and type of procedure. METHODS: Records of 116 sedation sessions of 66 healthy, uncooperative children ages 24 to 60 months at The University of Iowa Centers for Disabilities and Development were reviewed. Patients received 1 of the 2 regimens. Intraoperative behavior was rated using a dichotomous scale. Physiological variables including heart rate and oxygen saturation were recorded at baseline and at 10-minute intervals of the session. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 9. RESULTS: Overall, 81 % of sessions were rated successful. Sedation sessions using CH+H+M combination had significantly higher success rate (P<.01, odds ratio=3.38, 95% confidence interval= 1.06 to 7.15) compared to sessions with midazolam. Sedation success was not associated with age, preoperative behavior, or type of dental procedure performed. Physiological variables were within the normal range for both regimens, although midazolam regimen recorded higher heart rates. CONCLUSIONS: CH+H+M combination using 25 mg/kg CH resulted in significantly more effective sedation sessions compared to midazolam. Both regimens used 50% N2O and were found to be safe.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of midazolam and hydroxyzine as premedicants for combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia with midazolam sedation].

Midazolam 4 mg i.m. (Group M, n = 15) was compared with hydroxyzine 50 mg i.m. (Group H, n = 13) in a randomized double-blind study, as premedicants for patients undergoing simple total hysterectomy under combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia with midazolam sedation. Reduction of anxiety and amnesic effects about procedure under regional anesthesia with sufficient patient co-operation were greater following midazolam. The doses for intraoperative sedation of midazolam and pentazocine were the same in both groups. Mean doses of midazolam 2 mg and pentazocine 6 mg were required to induce sleep. Maintenance doses of midazolam and pentazocine were 3.7 and 11.4 mg.hr-1, respectively. No patient had recall of surgical procedure. Midazolam did not delay the postoperative resedation which lasted about 2 hours. The decrease in O2 saturation by pulse oxymetry is significant in Group M (4.5%) than Group H (2.7%). Nevertheless two patients in each group required oxygen 2 liter.min-1 via a nasal catheter. These results indicate that premedication by midazolam is more effective for procedures under regional anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Duration of inhibition of immediate skin test reactivity by hydroxyzine hydrochloride in dogs.

The duration of hydroxyzine-mediated suppression of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the skin of dogs was assessed by intradermal administration of various dilutions of histamine phosphate and of aqueous flea antigen in 18 dogs known to be allergic to fleas. Wheal diameters and scores were used to evaluate the strength of the resulting reactions. In most dogs, significant (P less than 0.05) inhibition lasted from 3 to 5 days after withdrawal from treatment. Some dogs took up to 9 days to equal or exceed their pretreatment wheal diameters and scores.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of hydroxyzine hydrochloride, meperidine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate in glass and plastic syringes.

The apparent stability of combinations of hydroxyzine hydrochloride and meperidine hydrochloride (50 mg/2 ml each) and of these two drugs (50 mg/2.5 ml each) and atropine sulfate (0.4 mg/2.5 ml) in prefilled glass and plastic syringes was studied. Syringes (3 ml) containing the combinations were stored at 25 C and 3 C for 10 days and analyzed at specific time intervals. Absorption spectra, chromatographic characteristics and pH were determined in addition to visual inspection. Results of these qualitative tests indicated that the mixtures apparently were stable for 10 days at room temperature or when refrigerated. No differences were found between solutions stored in glass and those stored in plastic syringes. Degradation of the syringe contents or appearance of additional constituents was not detected in any of the admixtures, and they were considered to be chemically compatible within the limitations of the study. The study suggests that storage of these combinations in syringes is feasible but the results cannot be extrapolated to drug solutions or syringes other than those studied.

Atropine↗
PubMed1975

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride: possible adverse cardiac interactions.

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride may produce abnormal ventricular repolarization when given in substratial doses or to susceptible individuals. Phenothiazines, such as thioridazine, tricyclic antidepressants, or antiparkinson drugs, any of which may be given concurrently to psychiatric patients, may augment this effect as well as atropine, quinidine or procainamide. Such EKG abnormalities may increase the likelihood of dysrhythmias and sudden death.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pirbuterol vs. hydroxyzine vs. theophylline vs. placebo in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Pirbuterol (10mg and 15mg capsules) was found to be an effective bronchodilator on large and small airways in bronchial asthm. Benefit occurred within one hour and it lasted five or more hours. It had no significant effect on ECG, blood pressure or heart rate. Mild nervousness and/or muscle tremor occurred occasionally. Hydroxyzine usually prevented these side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Our experience with althesin and hydroxyzine combined in the same syringe in minor surgery].

Personal experience in minor surgery with Althesin alone (200 cases) and in association with hydroxyzine in the same syringe (250 cases) is reported. Comparison showed that the association is useful, particularly in cases where the operation lasts longer and involves greater pain stimuli. It is felt that the method described will extend the use of Althesin in minor surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of granisetron alone and granisetron plus dexamethasone or hydroxyzine hydrochloride for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy including cisplatin].

The comparative study among granisetron alone and granisetron combined with hydroxyzine hydrochloride or dexamethasone was undertaken for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy including cisplatin in patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas. The results indicated that the combination antiemetic therapies were more effective than granisetron alone for acute nausea and vomiting, whereas a significant difference was not observed among these three groups in the acute adverse effects. Otherwhile, there were statistically significant improvements in the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting for patients receiving granisetron combined with the other antiemetic drugs, especially the combination antiemetic therapy with dexamethasone. These results confirm the antiemetic activity of granisetron in acute nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin and show that it has an additive effect in combination with dexamethasone.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Fixed drug eruption of the scrotum due to hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Atarax).

Fixed drug eruption describes a sharply localized dermatitis that characteristically recurs at the same site each time the offending drug is administered. Several drugs have been reported to cause this eruption, such as phenolphthalein, barbiturates, penicillin, and others. In this report, two children with fixed drug eruption of the scrotum due to hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Atarax) are described. To the best of our knowledge, no such cases have been reported previously in children.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Sedation with oral hydroxyzine and rectal chloral hydrate in pediatric MRI and CT].

AIM: To assess the efficacy and risks of oral hydroxyzine and rectal chloral hydrate to sedate children undergoing CT or MRI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 110 children underwent 117 studies. Medical history, treatments, doses per kg of sedative drugs, study quality, sedation time and side effects were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: 25 minutes was the mean time necessary to put children to sleep, 59 minutes was the mean time of sedation 96% of studies were interpretable. 2 children showed transient side effects. CONCLUSION: This sedation regimen appeared efficient. However, its limitations and risks have to be known by radiologists. Sedation-related problems also have to be considered by hospital managers when a new CT or MR equipment is being acquired.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of nitrous oxide on pediatric dental patients sedated with chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, crossover study was to evaluate the effect of 50% nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to oxygen (O2) alone on behavioral and physiologic parameters when a standard regimen of chloral hydrate (CH) (50 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (2 mg/kg) was administered to young children for dental procedures. METHODS: Twenty children (mean age 42 +/- 7.3 months) were sedated, each for two appointments. At one appointment they received 100% O2 and at the other 50% N2O, the order randomized across patients. Physiologic parameters measured were heart and respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and expired carbon dioxide. Behavior was rated using the Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale. Physiologic and behavioral parameters were measured at eight defined procedural events. RESULTS: Results indicated differences as a function of inhalation agent were seen for crying, quiet, and struggling, but not for any physiologic parameters. Significant differences across procedures were found for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and for all behaviors (crying, movement, quiet, and struggling). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to O2, N2O significantly modifies some behaviors but not physiologic parameters in sedated children. However, certain dental procedures did significantly modify some physiologic parameters and all behaviors.

Anesthesia, Dental↗