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Results for “Human Life Amendment”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Services and treatment for disabled infants; interim model guidelines for health care providers to establish infant care review committees--HHS. Notice of opportunity to comment.

These are interim model guidelines to encourage the establishment within health care facilities, especially facilities with tertiary level neonatal care units, of committees for the purposes of educating hospital personnel and families of disabled infants with life-threatening conditions, recommending institutional policies and guidelines concerning the withholding of medically indicated treatment (including appropriate nutrition, hydration, and medication) from such infants, and offering counsel and review in cases involving disabled infants with life-threatening conditions. The publication of these interim model guidelines for public comment is required by section 124(b) of the Child Abuse Amendments of 1984, Pub. L. 98-457.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Florida law creates artificial sustenance dilemma.

Although a model statute for its inclusiveness, Florida's 1984 Life-Prolonging Procedure Act excludes "sustenance" from its definition of life-prolonging procedures that may be forgone. The majority legal opinion has held that the law prohibits withdrawing or withholding nutrition and hydration by whatever means they must be provided. Also, a Florida circuit court decision has disavowed the applicability of the argument that extraordinary life-prolonging procedures violate a patient's constitutional rights. An amendment to repeal the sustenance clause failed, making the question of whether to withdraw--or even initiate--artificial feeding an entirely legal decision, rather than a clinical and bioethical one. The act will have enormous effects at long-term care facilities, where elderly and debilitated patients, as well as the terminally ill and comatose patients the statute addresses, may be force-fed against their wishes. Society must decide whether providing nutrition and hydration is "medical treatment" or whether, because it is basic to human life, it cannot be considered as such. To make such a determination, one must understand that feeding technology includes invasive procedures which might be considered extraordinary. The Florida law, however, does not distinguish between degrees of invasiveness. The law demonstrates that resolving clinical and ethical dilemmas through legislation may result in society surrendering the freedom and responsibility that are essential to ethical decision making.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2003

TRAVELLERS: a school-based early intervention programme helping young people manage and process change, loss and transition. Pilot phase findings.

OBJECTIVE: This paper outlines the conceptual background and findings from the pilot phase of TRAVELLERS--an early intervention programme designed to enhance protective factors for young people experiencing change, loss and transition events and early signs of emotional distress. The pilot study aimed to determine whether TRAVELLERS was a feasible, acceptable and promising intervention for young people within secondary schools in Aotearoa/New Zealand. METHOD: The conceptual origins of the TRAVELLERS programme are described in terms of: adolescent mental health concerns; emerging mental health promotion theory and practice; and prevention and early intervention models. The key elements of the TRAVELLERS programme are described. The programme was piloted in two secondary schools, one rural and one urban with 34 participants (females n = 24, males n = 10). Evaluation methods included: review of programme materials; identification of potential selection tools appropriate to Year 9 students; analysis of selection questionnaire; and conduct of feedback from participants, facilitators and parents/caregivers. RESULTS: The TRAVELLERS programme provides a means of identifying and selecting young people who may benefit from participating in an early intervention programme. The programme has achieved a statistically significant reduction in participants' distress (p < 0.01). Young people were overwhelmingly enthusiastic about most aspects of TRAVELLERS. School personnel reported that TRAVELLERS was an appropriate and acceptable programme to the school. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted interventions provided within a supportive school environment can contribute to enhancing protective factors such as personal and interpersonal coping strategies, increased help-seeking behaviour, and young people feeling more positive about themselves and their lives. The pilot programme has been amended and prepared for a two year trial phase in 10 secondary schools during 2002-2003.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Brain life and brain death--the anencephalic as an explanatory example. A contribution to transplantation.

The current debate regarding the suitability of anencephalics as organ donors is due primarily to misunderstandings. The anatomical and neurophysiological literature shows that the anencephalic lacks a cerebrum because of the failure of neuralplate fusion. However, even the incomplete function of an atrophic brain stem is currently accepted at law in most if not all countries as sufficient for brain life: which is to say, cessation of breathing is currently required in order to make the diagnosis of brain death. Because of the extensive incompleteness of the anencephalic's brain, it is not possible to postpone death significantly by mechanical ventilation and intravenous feeding. It is acceptable to maintain life for a short period of time in order to allow organ transplantation subsequent to the declaration of death at the point of cessation of the capacity for spontaneous respiration. The most important issue is not transplantation, but the issue of brain life raised by the case of anencephalics. Since brain life in any significant sense begins only after the closure of the neural tube on the 30th day after conception, it is reasonable to take this as the point at which brain life begins. Laws should be amended in all countries to allow the abortion of anencephalics at any time, in that they do not at any time possess brain life.

Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed1989

Prenatal and postnatal effects of low-level lead exposure: integrated summary of a report to the U.S. Congress on childhood lead poisoning.

This article provides an integrated summary of a report to Congress from the Federal government (ATSDR) on childhood lead poisoning in the United States, with particular reference to low-level lead exposure and its effects on the fetus and the preschool child. As mandated by Section 118(f)(1)(C) of the 1986 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), ATSDR has examined the full spectrum of human in utero and postnatal lead toxicity, with emphasis on low-level neurotoxicity and adverse impacts on growth indices in risk populations. Especially important has been assessment of the relative persistence of these effects in later life as discernible from a number of longitudinal studies now under way around the world. Included in the Congressional report were discussions of dose-effect and dose-response relationships using blood lead levels as the indicator of lead dose.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Is long-term care protected from imputed interest rules?

In October 1985, an amendment to the imputed interest rules was signed into law. This amendment exempted continuing care facilities, that qualified, from these rules. Unfortunately, the exemption was aimed at the traditional form of life care center that is no longer widely developed. Therefore, it appears this amendment may not provide the protection necessary to the continuing care industry.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Measuring the impact of epilepsy: the development of a novel scale.

The impact of a chronic illness is experienced not only through its physical symptoms, but also as a result of its effect on psychosocial functioning. In the case of an illness such as epilepsy, where the physical manifestations are transient, the psychosocial consequences may, with time, come to be of greater concern. We have been involved in developing a quality of life model for epilepsy. As part of the refinement of the initial model, we have devised a novel scale to measure the impact of the condition on a number of different aspects of daily life. The scale was administered to 75 patients attending an epilepsy out-patient clinic. Initial analysis of its psychometric properties is encouraging, although the inclusion of an item relating to employment reduced the scale's reliability. As a result, the wording of the existing item has been amended and an additional item has been incorporated. We hope the scale will be useful in investigations of treatment for epilepsy and of its psychosocial aspects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Health education for self-management by people with epilepsy.

As a heavily stigmatized disorder, epilepsy is surrounded by a number of common misconceptions which can contribute to poor psychosocial adjustment and problems in the medical management of this condition. Epilepsy is amendable to behavioral intervention. As with other chronic disorders, people with epilepsy should receive systematic health education about how to manage the condition most effectively.

Behavior Therapy↗