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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A national sentinel surveillance network for the measurement of ill-health in South Africa. A prerequisite for epidemiological research and health planning.

Data on births, on deaths by cause and on morbidity are essential in planning appropriate health interventions, but the scarcity of these data in South Africa is striking. Some of the limitations of national mortality and morbidity data collection systems are reviewed. In order to improve the usefulness of vital statistical information, it is proposed that active disease monitoring be introduced in a number of surveillance sites where the population has been properly enumerated. A network of these sites would routinely gather information on births and deaths by cause and on a list of conditions that are: (i) easy to identify clinically; (ii) would bring most people to the attention of health personnel; and (iii) would indicate failure of health service provision, environmental control or resource allocation. The measurement of the geographical variation of a number of conditions, coupled with geographical information on health care indicators and risk and health promotive factors in each site, would facilitate the planning of interventions in a rational manner.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health services for refugees in countries of second asylum.

As successive groups of refugees reach countries of second asylum, refugee health care must be reinvented for each new group. But how can we bridge the one-to-two-year lag time between resettlement and publication of studies of specific cultures and thus render effective health services for refugees from the time of resettlement? Below, health problems common to refugees in countries of second asylum are identified and a community-based system for addressing their healthcare needs is proposed. The nursing process and principles of community health nursing are key concepts.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed1996

An inter district quality partnership: the experience of a large rural health service.

Despite the proliferation of healthcare literature on the subject of quality programs, there is very little on the subject which considers it in a rural context. This paper is a case study outlining the efforts of six facilities within a large rural health service of South West NSW to establish a partnership in the planning, development and management of quality issues.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Participating in health planning.

The implementation of the Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-641) brought about the realization that occupational therapists can and should participate in a formalized manner in the health planning process. Successful attempts by District V of the Iowa Occupational Therapy Association, and by the Iowa Occupational Therapy Association, to seat an occupational therapist on the governing board of the Illowa Health Systems Agency and on the Iowa State Health Coordinating Council yielded a greater understanding of the law and of the activities of health systems agencies. This article describes the process of selecting representatives for health systems agencies governing boards as it pertains to allied health professionals.

Governing Board↗
PubMed1998

The Oregon Health Plan: development and implementation of an innovative method of delivery of health care services to the medically indigent.

BACKGROUND: Health care for the medically indigent under the federal Medicaid system often provides care for only a fraction (ranging from 20% to 80%) of the poor who nominally qualify for care. Oregon has developed a unique system that replaces such a system with one that provides a comprehensive complement of medical care for all the poor but limits the care to conditions and procedures on a prioritized list. METHODS: The Health Services Commission, a group of physicians, nurses, and public representatives, developed a list of over 740 diagnoses-treatment pairs and, with considerable public input, prioritized them in order of importance. The principal values used to develop the list were the prevention of death and the cost of the disease and its treatment. In the final ordering of the diagnosis-treatment pairs, public health and prevention of morbidity was also considered. Cancer diagnoses, and indeed all diseases, were not singled out for special consideration in this process. The Oregon Health Plan was implemented in 1994 with funds to cover 606 of 743 listed diagnoses. Diagnoses involving cancer were nearly all covered within these 606 items. The principal exception was coverage for Curative Treatment for Cancer when the likelihood for success was less than 5%. RESULTS: The prioritized list has met its goal of comprehensive medical care for the indigent population. The number of medically uninsured Oregonians has fallen significantly, and there have been few complaints about the Plan. Cancer care has been delivered to Oregon Health Plan clients with very few complaints or appeals of decisions concerning coverage. Palliative care is provided under a number of covered lines, as are curative medical and surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The Oregon Health Plan represents an alternative method for delivering medical care, including the full range of cancer care, to the indigent. As there are limited funds in all state systems, the citizens of Oregon have decided to provide care using a prioritized list to allow provision of medical care to the entire Medicaid population. Such a plan represents a viable alternative to the more common method of providing everything but only to a limited number of poor citizens.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed2005

Developing a process-evaluation plan for assessing health promotion program implementation: a how-to guide.

Process evaluation is used to monitor and document program implementation and can aid in understanding the relationship between specific program elements and program outcomes. The scope and implementation of process evaluation has grown in complexity as its importance and utility have become more widely recognized. Several practical frameworks and models are available to practitioners to guide the development of a comprehensive evaluation plan, including process evaluation for collaborative community initiatives. However, frameworks for developing a comprehensive process-evaluation plan for targeted programs are less common. Building from previous frameworks, the authors present a comprehensive and systematic approach for developing a process-evaluation plan to assess the implementation of a targeted health promotion intervention. Suggested elements for process-evaluation plans include fidelity, dose (delivered and received), reach, recruitment, and context. The purpose of this article is to describe and illustrate the steps involved in developing a process evaluation plan for any health promotion program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Implementing formative health planning under PL 93-641.

The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 (PL 93-641) melds the Hill-Burton program, Regional Medical Program and Comprehensive Health Planning into a new network for health planning and resources development. Health-systems agencies will possess broader powers than predecessor agencies, particularly in the areas of regulation, control of federal funds, resources development and implementation. PL 93-641 thus offers the possibility of transforming the basic concept of health planning from reactive to "proactive." Successful legislative implementaion will require each health-systems agency to build local legitimacy, ensure constructive consumer/provider dialogue, and respond to state and national managerial requirements. Many questions about planning implementation, the role of subarea councils, agency co-ordination and local governance remain unresolved. The new health-planning network has the potential to assume the function of active system transformation, but will be critically dependent on adequate program budgeting to fulfill this promise. (N Engl J Med 295:698-703, 1976).

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2003

Guidance for the planning, implementation and evaluation of oral health care demonstration projects for under-served populations.

Recently, it has been proposed that in planning oral health care services in non-established market economy (non-EME) countries, and for under- served communities throughout the world, high priority be given to a basic package of oral care (BPOC). This package contains three key components: emergency care (oral urgent treatment--OUT), exposure to appropriate fluoride (affordable fluoride toothpaste--AFT) and appropriate treatment technology (atraumatic restorative treatment--ART). These three components are embedded in the supporting context of oral health promotion (OHP). There is a lack of experience in implementing BPOC and besides, there is not much known about the effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of the proposed components of BPOC, either individually or as a package, under local conditions. An effective approach in one setting may not be successful in another setting due to many factors such as a lack of acceptability by the community or local government or because of insufficient financial and human resources. It is therefore recommended to consider small scale demonstration projects for effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability assessments of the various components of BPOC before embarking on large scale programmes. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the different aspects related to the planning, implementation and evaluation of oral health demonstration projects for under-served communities.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2002

The first years of implementation of the Swiss National Environment and Health Action Plan (NEHAP): lessons for environmental health promotion.

The National Environment and Health Action Plans (NEHAPs) are a novel attempt to integrate environmental protection and health promotion in political programmes. Throughout Europe, about 40 NEHAPs have been developed so far. The Swiss NEHAP was among the first to be developed in an industrialised country. We discuss strength and weaknesses of the Swiss NEHAP and draw first conclusions on the development and implementation process of such programmes, illustrated by examples of other European NEHAPs. The strengths of the Swiss NEHAP lie in the formulation of specific targets in selected areas, its approach as a environmental health promotion programme, and its comprehensive evaluation. Weaknesses in most NEHAPs are the lack of involvement of the general public and of the economic sector, and the absence of an implementation strategy along with adequate financing.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1989

Measuring and tracking education program implementation: the Minnesota Heart Health Program experience.

In an overall framework uniting program planning and evaluation, process evaluation can assist community-based health promotion programs in establishing participation objectives, monitoring their achievement and the quality of interventions used, and translating these into useful information for managing and developing programs. This research reports on efforts by the Minnesota Heart Health Program to develop a system that permitted tracking educational program contacts, its implementation, and its use to make management decisions about program activities. The system was developed as part of a planning and evaluation framework with specific criteria for developing and tracking educational programs drawn from the social-learning literature. Overall, the system helped to make participation objectives more concrete, aided decision making about allocation of personnel and material resources, and encouraged the development of innovative programs.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗