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PubMedDate not supplied

[Public health education and health promotion in Hungary: the role of Canada. The TEMPUS consortium for a New Public Health in Hungary].

The economy of Hungary is undergoing a major transition. The prevalence of behavioural and environmental risk factors is high. The population's health status is among the worst in Europe, and has declined in recent years. The Prussian-style curriculum in the medical universities was rigid and dictated from Budapest and Moscow. The teaching of public health was didactic, there was an emphasis on subjects such as dialectic materialism and hygiene. "Development of Medical Education for a New Public Health in Hungary", a three-year project funded by the European Community's TEMPUS program, is established to develop undergraduate and graduate education. It is a joint program between the five Hungarian medical schools and ten universities in Western countries including Canada. The reformation includes a shift from didactic teaching methods to problem-based learning techniques and greater emphasis on health promotion and population health. Communication within the project is facilitated through an electronic 'list server' based in London, Ontario.

Canada↗
PubMed2001

Receipt of school health education and school health service among adolescent immigrants in Massachusetts.

This study assessed whether immigrant adolescents receive health education and services in schools at levels comparable to native-born peers. Surveys from 2,635 8th and 10th graders allowed comparisons between students living in the United States "always" (n = 2,080), "more than six years" (n = 299), and "six years or less" (n = 191). Immigrant students were equally likely to receive health education, more likely to use peer counseling or support groups (p < .001), and less likely to use health services (p < .05). They communicated more often with staff (p < .05), were more concerned about mental health issues (p < .01), and were likely to have these topics addressed in school (p < .05). They were more positive about health education (p < .05), learned something new (p < .01), and communicated with parents when offered (p < .001). Schools provide a critical gateway and opportunity for reaching immigrant students and families with programs designed to meet their unique health and mental health needs. Questions remain, however, about health education and services being provided to non-mainstreamed, Limited English Proficient students who recently immigrated. Implications for program and service delivery and future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The contribution of school health education to community health promotion: what can we reasonably expect?

Evaluative studies of outcomes of traditional school health education programs have shown that they are very effective in increasing knowledge, somewhat effective in improving attitudes, and, with few notable exceptions, generally ineffective in changing health practices. This paper discusses the previous reviews of the literature of outcomes of school health education programs, and discusses the constraints inherent in school-based activities; an emphasis on cognitive learning, lecture-oriented teaching methods, inadequate pupil assessment procedures, a captive audience, competing subject areas, competing behavioral influences, behavior change attempts directed at ingrained health habits, inadequate coordination with community resources, and lack of consensus regarding educational goals. The paper then examines several recent successful school health education programs emphasizing non-traditional approaches in self-initiated care, pregnancy prevention, smoking prevention, and nutrition. It is concluded that school-based health education programs have three important roles in community health promotion: 1. the provision of a fundamental understanding of health and disease concepts to large segments of the population; 2. the reinforcement of positive health attitudes; and 3. the alteration of concurrent health behaviors for significant health problems. Although school health education may be helpful in enhancing decision-making and social interaction skills, little empirical evidence exists at this time to support this conclusion.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1986

Pregnant adolescents' health-information needs. Implications for health education and health seeking.

The prenatal health information needs of 142 predominantly black, urban, and low-income adolescents (mean age = 16.9 years) were assessed by questionnaire early in the third trimester of pregnancy. Factor analysis identified three clusters of health topics labeled new morbidity, depressed somatization, and pregnancy. Relationships of these factors to self-esteem and health seeking were assessed in a subset (n = 57). A high score on depressed somatization was associated with low self-esteem and missed postpartum visits. Implications for planning prenatal education and effecting appropriate health-seeking behaviors are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The Activated Health Education model: refinement and implications for school health education.

A behaviorally based, health education instructional model was developed from a review of successful health education interventions. The analysis identified three principles common to improvement of health behavior among program participants: 1) active involvement in the intervention process, 2) awareness of the positive and negative influences of the behavior on health, and 3) personal responsibility for managing health behavior. These principles and several theoretical premises then were organized into a structural framework for the model. Next, studies were conducted to validate applications of these conditions and refine strategic components. The model then was formatted into a curricular design to achieve optimum behavior and provide ease of replication. Research related to developing and field testing the model are included. The model's limitations and strengths, implications for school health education, and plans for the future are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cardiovascular disease education in Texas health education classes -- a needs assessment.

This study ascertained to what extent cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors are taught in public secondary health education classes in Texas, the disparity between what is taught and what is desired in terms of time allotment and educational materials, to what extent health education teachers are academically prepared to teach cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors, and to what extent teachers utilize self-instructional materials. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of health education teachers in Texas. There was a return of 45.4%. The findings indicated that more time is devoted to teaching the cardiovascular system than disease and risk factors; there is a disparity between what is taught and what is desired; the teachers rated their preparation as average; and the use of self-instructional materials by high school students as average to excellent.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Improving measurement in health education and health behavior research using item response modeling: comparison with the classical test theory approach.

This paper compares the approach and resultant outcomes of item response models (IRMs) and classical test theory (CTT). First, it reviews basic ideas of CTT, and compares them to the ideas about using IRMs introduced in an earlier paper. It then applies a comparison scheme based on the AERA/APA/NCME 'Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests' to compare the two approaches under three general headings: (i) choosing a model; (ii) evidence for reliability--incorporating reliability coefficients and measurement error--and (iii) evidence for validity--including evidence based on instrument content, response processes, internal structure, other variables and consequences. An example analysis of a self-efficacy (SE) scale for exercise is used to illustrate these comparisons. The investigation found that there were (i) aspects of the techniques and outcomes that were similar between the two approaches, (ii) aspects where the item response modeling approach contributes to instrument construction and evaluation beyond the classical approach and (iii) aspects of the analysis where the measurement models had little to do with the analysis or outcomes. There were no aspects where the classical approach contributed to instrument construction or evaluation beyond what could be done with the IRM approach. Finally, properties of the SE scale are summarized and recommendations made.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1983

Health Education in the Department of Defense Dependents Schools: an internationalizing experience.

The Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS) system provides a unique educational experience for thousands of military and civilian dependents living in foreign countries. The blend of military life with a host nation culture creates a challenge for both students and educators. Health education in the international setting provides a social and cultural experience which is not readily found at home in the U.S.

Adolescent↗