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PubMed1993

Establishment and characterization of a new human clear-cell sarcoma cell-line, HS-MM.

We have established and morphologically characterized a new human clear-cell sarcoma cell-line, HS-MM, from the pleural effusion of a 39-year-old man with pulmonary metastasis derived from the primary popliteal tumour. The HS-MM cells were round or spindle-shaped, with round nuclei containing extremely prominent nucleoli. Light microscopically, the heterotransplanted nude mouse tumours showed essentially the same features as those of the original sarcoma, revealing an alveolar pattern of tumour cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells reacted with anti-S-100 protein and melanoma-specific HMB 45 antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained round euchromatin-rich nuclei with large nucleoli revealing conspicuous nucleolonema, and a large amount of glycogen and a few lysosomal dense bodies, but no premelanosomes in their cytoplasm. The HS-MM cell line was thus fully proven to exhibit the unique characteristics of a clear sarcoma both in vitro and in vivo, being also compatible with an amelanotic melanoma. This cell line will therefore be extremely useful for clinicopathological and histogenetic studies on clear cell sarcomas.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Marked decrease in the levels of two inflammatory markers, hs-C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis after eversion carotid endarterectomy.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To study changes in the levels of two acute phase proteins, plasma fibrinogen and serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with severe carotid stenosis after eversion endarterectomy. MATERIAL AND SUBJECTS: A total of 117 consecutive patients who underwent eversion endarterectomy were included in the study. Blood samples for acute phase protein measurement were taken before operation as well as 5.7 weeks and 13.8 months (median) post-surgery. Plasma fibrinogen and serum hs-CRP concentrations were promptly determined. RESULTS: During the follow-up period sharp, highly significant (p < 0.0001) drop occurred in the serum concentrations of both acute phase proteins. The drop in the hs-CRP levels during the follow up period was mainly due to decrease in patients with highest baseline CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our present findings indicate that removal of atherosclerotic plaques from the carotid arteries markedly decreases the production of two acute phase proteins due to the decrease of the inflammatory burden or the removal of the advanced plaques able to produce these proteins.

Arteritis↗

PubMed1976

The dependence of the blood level of the oxime HS-6 on the severity of organophosphate poisoning.

Atropinised anaesthetised rats were injected i.v. with 4, 6 or 8 X LD50 of the organophosphorous anticholinesterase soman. Subsequent treatment with one dose of HS-6 (100 mg/kg, i.v.) delayed respiratory failure by 1 h or more; a further postponement was obtained when an additional HS-6 infusion was given. At the same infusion rate, HS-6 blood levels after 4 X LD50 soman remained stationary, but rose after the higher soman doses. The rise was greater the higher the soman dose had been. This rapid rise in oxime blood levels after high doses of organophosphate may seriously complicate therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

A comparison of the oximes HS-6 and HI-6 in the therapy of soman intoxication in rodents.

The bisquaternary mono-oximes HS-6 and HI-6 may both be considered as potential therapeutic agents for soman intoxication. It has been found that HI-6 was superior to an equal dose of /S-6 in the treatment of soman intoxication in mice and rats. Not only did HI-6 protect against higher levels of soman, but also fewer "delayed deaths" were seen following HI-6. In anesthetized atropinized rats, the administration of HI-6 resulted in a longer duration of spontaneous breathing and a higher degree of recovery of neuromuscular function than did the use of HS-6. HS-6 interacted with soman to alter the rate of excretion of the oxime. This problem was not encountered when HI-6 was used.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Partial hepatectomy and mediators of inflammation decrease the expression of liver alpha 2-HS glycoprotein gene in rats.

Liver mRNA levels of two acute phase reactant (APR) proteins, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (a major negative APR) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (a major positive APR) were measured in male rats at different times after the administration of turpentine, of tumor necrosis factor, or following partial hepatectomy. In every case, a marked decrease in mRNA levels of alpha 2-HS glycoprotein was observed which reached a maximum at 24 h. A concomitant increase of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA levels was observed under the same conditions. These results indicate that the decreased levels of alpha 2-HS glycoprotein induced by the acute-phase response following inflammatory mediators and partial hepatectomy are due to a down-regulation of the gene expression of this protein in rat liver.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Absence of clonality of Campylobacter jejuni in serotypes other than HS:19 associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and gastroenteritis.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is recognized as a complication that occurs after Campylobacter infection. Certain Penner serotypes, such as HS:19, are linked particularly to GBS in some parts of the world, and there is good evidence for restricted genetic diversity in these isolates. However, GBS also occurs after Campylobacter infection due to other serotypes. Therefore, we asked whether Campylobacter jejuni non-HS:19 serotypes associated with GBS have a clonal structure and differ from strains isolated from patients with Campylobacter gastroenteritis. A worldwide selected population of C. jejuni non-HS:19 strains associated with GBS and gastroenteritis was analyzed by use of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, automated ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and flagellin gene typing. The results show that these isolates represent a heterogenic population and do not constitute a unique population across serotypes. No epidemiologic marker for GBS-associated strains was identified.

Campylobacter Infections↗

PubMed1991

Amplification dynamics of human-specific (HS) Alu family members.

We have investigated the distribution of several recently inserted Alu family members within representatives of diverse human groups. Human population studies using 65 unrelated human DNA samples, as well as a familial study to test inheritance, showed that individual Alu family members could be divided into three groups. The first group consisted of relatively older Alu family members which were monomorphic (homozygous) throughout the population tested (HS C3N1 and C4N6). The second group (HS C4N2, C4N5 and C4N8), apparently inserted into other repetitive regions of the genome, resulting in inconclusive results in the PCR test used. However, it is clear that these particular Alu insertions were present in a majority if not all of the loci tested. The third group was comprised of three dimorphic Alu family members (HS C2N4, C4N4 and TPA 25). Only a single Alu family member (TPA 25) displayed a high degree of dimorphism within the human population. This latter example also showed different allele frequencies in different human groups. The isolation and characterization of additional highly dimorphic Alu family members should provide a useful tool for human population genetics.

Alleles↗

PubMed2005

Efficacy and safety of mesalamine 1 g HS versus 500 mg BID suppositories in mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis: a multicenter randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative proctitis (UP) usually presents as fresh rectal bleeding. Successful treatment using topical mesalamine 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) 500 mg BID suppository led to developing a once-a-day formulation that could contribute to better acceptability and ease of use by patients. The objective of this randomized trial, conducted in 18 centers, was to compare efficacy of 2 modes of treatment with 5-ASA suppositories. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients with mild or moderate UP limited to 15 cm of the anal margin, evidenced by a disease activity index (DAI) between 4 and 11, were randomized to 5-ASA 500 mg suppository (Canasa; Axcan Pharma) BID or 1 g at bedtime (HS) for 6 weeks. The study used a noninferiority hypothesis based on the mean difference in DAI values after 6 weeks of treatment on an intent-to-treat basis using analysis of covariance. DAI was derived from a composite of the measures of stool frequency, rectal bleeding, mucosal visualization at endoscopy, and general well being. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups at baseline for demographic and clinical parameters. Mean DAIs fell from 6.6 +/- 1.5 (SD) to 1.6 +/- 2.3 in the 500 mg BID group (n = 48) and from 6.1 +/- 1.5 to 1.3 +/- 2.2 in the 1 g HS group (n = 39). There was no significant difference (P = 0.74) in mean DAI at week 6 between the 2 groups. Both groups showed a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in DAI over the course of the 6 weeks. Both formulations showed effectiveness in reducing each individual component of the DAI. There was no significant difference between treatments in adverse events, and both groups had an overall drug compliance of greater than 95%. CONCLUSION: This study showed that 1 g HS and 500 mg BID mesalamine suppository treatments of UP patients were equivalent in all facets of efficacy, safety, and compliance in a 6-week trial.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Enhanced Mg(2+)-ATPase activity in ghosts from HS erythrocytes and in normal ghosts stripped of membrane skeletal proteins may reflect enhanced aminophospholipid translocase activity.

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a congenital haemolytic anaemia which is characterized by a great variety of structural defects in the red cell's membrane skeleton and/or deficiencies in particular membrane (skeletal) proteins. Enhanced (Mg2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg(2+)-ATPase) activities, varying from 115% to 160%, were invariably found in erythrocyte ghosts derived from 13 HS patients. Similarly, an enhancement of Mg(2+)-ATPase activity by 30% is observed in normal red cell ghosts that have been stripped of the greater part of their membrane skeletal proteins by treatment with a low ionic strength buffer. Reassociation of those stripped ghosts with spectrin reduces the enhanced Mg(2+)-ATPase activity to its original level. Since in both cases, HS ghosts and stripped normal ghosts, the stabilizing effects that the membrane skeleton exerts on the maintenance of an endofacial localization of the aminophospholipids are impaired, the enhanced Mg(2+)-ATPase activity is interpreted to reflect an increased activity of the aminophospholipid translocase. The present observations therefore support a role of the membrane skeleton in the stabilization of phospholipid asymmetry in the red cell membrane and consequently in reducing the energy consumption of the translocase.

Actins↗

PubMed1978

An AB initio investigation of molecules with a disulfide bond: (HS)2, (CH3S)2 and cystine.

ab initio Calculations at the Gaussian-70 STO-3G and 4-31G basis levels have been carried out for (HS)2 and (CH3S)2. Cystine was investigated at the STO-3G level. The STO-3G energy minimized geometry agrees well with experiments for (HS)2 and (CH3S)2. The barriers to internal rotation are predicted to be (at the 4.31G level): (HS)2, cis 8.5 kcal, trans 3.03 kcal; (CH3S)2, cis 18.47 kcal, trans 6.04 kcal.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed2006

The HS:19 serostrain of Campylobacter jejuni has a hyaluronic acid-type capsular polysaccharide with a nonstoichiometric sorbose branch and O-methyl phosphoramidate group.

A recent study that examined multiple strains of Campylobacter jejuni reported that HS:19, a serostrain that has been associated with the onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome, had unidentified labile, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) structures. In this study, we expand on this observation by using current glyco-analytical technologies to characterize these unknown groups. Capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization MS and NMR analysis with a cryogenically cooled probe (cold probe) of CPS purified using a gentle enzymatic method revealed a hyaluronic acid-type [-4)-beta-D-GlcA6NGro-(1-3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1-]n repeating unit, where NGro is 2-aminoglycerol. A labile alpha-sorbofuranose branch located at C2 of GlcA was determined to have the L configuration using a novel pyranose oxidase assay and is the first report of this sugar in a bacterial glycan. A labile O-methyl phosphoramidate group, CH3OP(O)(NH2)(OR) (MeOPN), was found at C4 of GlcNAc. Structural heterogeneity of the CPS was due to nonstoichiometric glycosylation with sorbose at C2 of GlcA and the nonstoichiometric, variably methylated phosphoramidate group. Examination of whole bacterial cells using high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR revealed that the MeOPN group is a prominent feature on the cell surface for this serostrain. These results are reminiscent of those in the 11168 and HS:1 strains and suggest that decoration of CPS with nonstoichiometric elements such as keto sugars and the phosphoramidate is a common mechanism used by this bacterium to produce a structurally complex surface glycan from a limited number of genes. The findings of this work with the HS:19 serostrain now present a means to explore the role of CPS as a virulence factor in C. jejuni.

Amides↗

PubMed2000

A new human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour-cell line, HS-sch-2, harbouring p53 point mutation.

Only a few human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)-cell lines have been reported, and their characteristics have not been fully established. In this study, we established a new human cell line, HS-Sch-2, from an MPNST of the ordinary type which arose in a 54-year-old woman without von Recklinghausen's disease. This cell line was characterized by chromosome analysis, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural examination, and direct sequencing of the p53 gene. The HS-Sch-2 cells have grown for more than 48 months in vitro, and exhibited hypotriploid karyotypes with complex chromosome abnormalities lacking a specific pattern. Histological features of the heterotranplanted nude mouse tumours were essentially the same as those of the original MPNST, with positive reactions for S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase but not for epithelial membrane antigen, fibronectin or CD34. Ultrastructural examination in vivo revealed intricate interdigitation of long cytoplasmic processes and basal lamina-like structures. In addition, direct sequencing of the p53 gene detected a point mutation from CGT to CAT at codon 273 in exon 8. This HS-Sch-2 cell line, which exhibits distinctive morphological characteristics of MPNST and a p53 point mutation, will be useful for biological and pathological investigations of MPNST.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) due to loss of anion exchange transporter.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary spherocytosis encompasses a heterogenous group of inherited disorders due to alteration of r.b.c. surface/volume ratio. Spectrin deficiency is the most common observed defect. We analyzed a case of HS associated with band 3 deficiency without spectrin reduction. METHODS: In the study of a family originating from southern Italy, we show that a 20% deficiency of band 3 with normal spectrin content may be responsible for dominantly inherited hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The proband is a 12 years old girl consulting for jaundice, chronic anaemia and splenomegaly. Her mother had a similar haematologic phenotype. RESULTS: Electrophoretic analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins showed a deficiency in band 3 protein. Band 3 protein chymotryptic fragments, deglycosylated band 3, and its isolated cytoplasmic domain, all displayed normal electrophoretic migrations. Furthermore, the tryptic peptides profile of the cytoplasmic domain of the protein did not demonstrate any abnormality, nor did the amino acid composition of the peptides. Analysis of the membrane proteins during erythrocyte ageing, evaluated in density-fractionated red cells, showed that band 3 content was normal in the lighter fraction, whereas in the denser fraction band 3 deficiency was more pronounced than in membranes from non fractionated red blood cells. CONCLUSIONS: This case describes HS due to anion exchange transporter deficiency. Our results on fractioned red cells support the hypothesis that the defect was probably due to a band 3 protein loss during cell ageing and not to a primitive quantitative defect.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[HS CRP with Fumouze immunoturbidimetry and Dade Behring immunonephelemetry].

Increased concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease. We report here a comparison of Fumouze hs-CRP turbidimetric method on Roche Diagnostics Hitachi 911 with Dade Behring BN II nephelemetric method. 134 samples were analysed. Within-run imprecision and between-run CV were good. Linearity was less satisfactory. Correlation study showed that without exceeding the maximum value of 6 mg/L, the hs-CRP method presented a good agreement with hs-CRP BN II method.

C-Reactive Protein↗

PubMed2006

[High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): a promising biomarker for the screening of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)].

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that may progress eventually to cirrhosis. Any clinically useful serum biomarkers have never been reported to distinguish patients with NASH from those with simple steatosis. The serum CRP concentration, formerly used as a marker of acute-phase reaction, has been revealed to be a strong predictor of coronary event after the introduction of the high-sensitivity assay method. Patients with metabolic syndrome also have been reported to have higher high-sensitivity CRP(hs-CRP) concentration. We showed patients with more active form of NASH (grade2-3) have higher concentration of hs-CRP than those with quiescent form of NASH (grade1) or simple steatosis. hs-CRP may be a promising biomarker for screening of NASH, a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome.

Biomarkers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Flow cytometric measurement (H-1 Technicon) of microcytic and hyperchromic red cell populations in pediatric patients affected by hereditary spherocytosis (HS).

In 7 splenectomized and 21 non splenectomized pediatric patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), red cell size and hemoglobin concentration distribution (erythrograms) demonstrated the size and chromia degree of red cell populations. The H-1 Technicon graphic reports obtained in the analysis of HS blood showed a remarkable shift of the Hb concentration histograms to the right end of the x-axis, revealing the presence of a high percentage of hyperchromic red cells. The opposite shift was noted for volume histograms. Graphic findings were quantitated by a computerized program of the H-1 Technicon system. These data have enabled us to determine the percentage of microcytic and normocytic hyperchromic RBC. In particular, non splenectomized HS patients showed an increase in microcytic and hyperchromic RBC twice as high as that of splenectomized patients (data computed by erythrograms). Moreover, there is a significant difference (5.6%, p less than 0.01) between splenectomized and non splenectomized patients in the microcytic hyperchromic RBC percentage (data computed by special volume/hemoglobin concentration mapping).

Child↗

PubMed1985

Hypertension induced by repeated exposure to high sustained +Gz (HS + Gz) stress.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated exposure to high sustained +Gz (HS + Gz) stress induced persistent changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system. Three groups of rabbits--centrifuged, restrained, and control--were studied. After being placed in the restraining system of the centrifuge, the animals were submitted three times in a row to 8-9 +Gz sustained for 40 s. This exposure was repeated three times a week for 3-6 weeks. Restrained animals were not exposed to HS + Gz. Control animals were not restrained. The two types of stress (centrifuge + restraint; restraint alone) determined the appearance of two types of arterial hypertension. Systolic arterial pressure (AP) and left ventricular pressure (LVP) significantly increased in restrained animals. The function of the cardiovascular system was more perturbed in centrifuged rabbits since the significant changes affected not only systolic AP and LVP but alos systemic diastolic AP and the maximum rate of rise of LVP. The myocardium of rabbits repeatedly subjected to HS + Gz exposures, except for those that suffered a fracture of the lumbar spine, was significantly glycogen-depleted.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular characterizations of an intraacrosomal antigen defined by HS-33 monoclonal antibody.

Among the numerous anti-sperm monoclonal antibodies generated in our laboratory, HS-33 was shown to react with a conserved antigen on the acrosome of spermatozoa from human and mouse. By using indirect immunofluorescent assay, it was demonstrated that HS-33 did not bind to live human sperm. However, this antibody was found to react with the methanol-fixed acrosome-intact, but not with acrosome-reacted sperm. The human sperm antigen recognized by this antibody was purified from human sperm extract by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified cognate human sperm antigen designated as HSAg-33 was found to be a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 72 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The tissue-specificity and the developmental expression of this sperm antigen were examined using frozen sections of various human and mouse tissues. The antigen was shown to be expressed specifically in the testicular sperm at the postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis but not in any other somatic tissues. "Spontaneous" acrosome reaction was determined following 18 hours of incubation in Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham (BWW) medium by using HS-33 monoclonal antibody and Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) as probes. The number of sperm stained positively with this antibody decreased significantly following overnight incubation, indicating the occurrence of an acrosome reaction. The results of this study suggest that HSAg-33 is a potentially useful sperm-specific acrosome marker for studies of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.

Acrosome↗