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The Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue test is the best test for diagnosing and assessing colour vision defects. A computer program written in Pascal which automatically scores, plots and analyses the results of the Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue test is presented.
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A single input/single output experiment design may not provide sufficient information to quantify a model of a complex biological system, and multiple input or multiple output experiment designs are often not feasible. An alternate approach is to perform feasible studies with different combinations of input/output ports one at a time, but their simultaneous mathematical analysis can become dimensionally unwieldy. In these cases, a graphical approach can be helpful. Cut set analysis of compartmental models is presented and contrasted with more conventional analysis approaches. It is shown that the complexity of computations is reduced using cut set analysis, especially as the complexity of the model is increased. A case study is presented on quantifying parameters of the enterohepatic subsystem in thyroid hormone distribution and metabolism, based on four different sets of rat experiments performed in the Biocybernetics Laboratory at UCLA.
In an experimental investigation, Stuart pantographic records are geometrically analyzed. The influence of the parameters' inclination and curving of condylar guidance, intercondylar distance, Bennett angle, distance of the plate, and position of the recording pencil are studied. Further quanitative analysis was not performed, as Stuart pantography is only meant for transmission to the respective articulator and is nto suitable for metric recording.
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Methods based on the graphical representation of relations between metabolites concentrations were worked out for the description and analysis of the steady-state kinetics of the multienzyme systems. The properties of graphics characterizing various steady-state regimens were investigated. Relations relevant to the analysis of regulatory phenomena were derived for the concentration of non-adjacent metabolites. Rules are presented for the kinetical description of multienzyme systems posessing external inputs and outputs. Certain branchings occuring in multienzyme systems were considered. The developed methods allow generalization concerning multisubstrate multiproduct reactions as well as systems containing regulatory enzymes with non-michaelian kinetics. It is suggested that the generalized methods may be helpful for the analysis of the metabolic regulation.
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Subjects judged change and proportion when viewing graphs in two experiments. Change was judged more quickly and accurately with line and bar graphs than with pie charts or tiered bar graphs, and this difference was larger when the rate of change was smaller. Without a graduated scale, proportion was judged more quickly and accurately with pie charts and divided bar graphs than with line or bar graphs. Perception is direct when it requires simpler or fewer mental operations; we propose that perception of change is direct with line and bar graphs, whereas perception of proportion is direct with pie charts and divided bar graphs. The results are also consistent with the proximity compatibility principle. Suggestions for improving the design of graphical displays are given.
MOTIVATION: Spatial multi-omics technologies jointly profile transcriptomes, proteins and chromatin accessibility in situ, enabling integrative analysis of tissue organization across molecular layers. However, most existing graph-based integration methods rely on independently constructed modality-specific k-nearest-neighbor graphs. When auxiliary modalities are sparse or noisy, these graphs can become topologically discordant, propagate spurious edges, weaken cross-modal alignment, and reduce spatial domain resolution. RESULTS: We present Anchored RNA for Integrated Spatial Embedding (ARISE), an RNA expression anchored framework for spatial multi-omics integration. ARISE defines a shared-edge topology by intersecting RNA feature-similarity and spatial-proximity graphs, encodes auxiliary modalities on this common scaffold, and integrates them through inside-out hierarchical fusion. We further show theoretically that graph intersection minimizes false-positive edges within a broad class of k-of-r graph fusion rules, providing a principled basis for topology anchoring. Across various spatial multi-omics benchmarks spanning simulated and real datasets in bi-modal and tri-modal settings, ARISE improves spatial domain identification, cross-modal consistency, and preservation of tissue structure relative to existing methods. Furthermore, the learned representation supports biologically meaningful downstream analyses, including marker-based domain annotation, pathway enrichment, and cis-regulatory inference, indicating that ARISE yields a robust and interpretable framework for spatial multi-omics integration. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The source code is available at https://github.com/XiangxiangWang-code/ARISE. The archived version used in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32686137.v2.
Assays of overal histaminaemia were carried out, in 150 patients anaesthetised according to three different techniques, apart from any surgical act. 119 anaesthesias took place without any incident, 33 were disturbed by the appearance of rashes or of bronchospasm. The overall histaminaemia varied according to three types of graphs (a flat graph, an ascending graph, or a descending graph) without it being possible to evoke any relationship between this course and the clinical signs. It seems that the presence of a background predisposing to histamine-liberation is however responsible for greater frequency of the descending graphs, and that the method of administration of the anaesthetic product is a factor which can intervene in the genesis of the phenomena of histamine-liberation during anaesthesia. An interpretation of the variations in the graphs of histaminaemia is attempted by the authors.
The theory of steady-state enzyme processes which avoids using the mass action law of chemical kinetics and consistently describes catalytic mechanisms by probabilistic concepts has recently been proposed (Mazur, 1991, J. theor. Biol. 148, 229-242). To facilitate the analysis of complex reaction graphs by this theory the possibility of constructing schematic rules similar to those used in classical kinetics is studied. It is found that due to the similarity of algebraic procedures the popular method of King & Altman can be applied in probabilistic kinetics in addition to the earlier proposed rule based on enumeration of cycles of the reaction graph. This similarity also allows one to adapt many other shortcut methods of classical kinetics for probabilistic reaction graphs. The paper considers separately the possibility of transforming reaction mechanisms so that the initial graph is replaced by a simpler but equivalent one. It is shown that there are few cases when a group of states can be replaced by one united state, with earlier known rules such as the rule of Cha for equilibrium stages being particular cases of a more general procedure. In addition a novel method is proposed which performs step-by-step reduction of any reaction graph. All the new methods can be adapted for traditional kinetics as well. The results obtained demonstrate that many schematic rules of classical kinetics are of probabilistic origin.
Knowledge of pathogenesis of sexual dysfunctions at altered thyroid activity is limited by the knowledge of multiple and ubiquitous action of its hormones throughout the organism. One of the possibilities of modulatory influence of thyroid hormones on sexual functions can be realized through the participation of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the synthesis and metabolism of primary substrate of steroid synthesis--cholesterol. The presented work is aimed at the study of simultaneous dynamic changes of concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and cholesterol (Chol) during synchronization of the rutting period and gravidity at parallel correlative evaluation of mutual relations of the followed parameters in ten Merino sheep in the seasonal period. Synchronization was achieved by chlorsuperlutin (Agelin--vaginal swabs, Spofa; 20 mg of chlorsuperlutin/swab) and PMSG (500 I. U./animal). Blood was sampled by means of a jugular vein puncture at the time of swab insertion (-13th day) and after three (-10th day) and seven (-7th day) following days, at the removal of swabs and application of PMSG (-3rd day), on the day of insemination (zero day), on the 7th, 14th and 17th day and in the middle of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th month of gravidity. In the phase of oestrus synchronization a significant increase of E2 concentrations on days -7 and -3 of the experiment (0.47 +/- 0.079 and 0.542 +/- 0.177 nmol.l-1 of serum, P less than 0.001; P less than 0.001) was observed compared to the E2 values on day -13 (0.084 +/- 0.036 nmol.l-1 of serum). Parallel to these observations, marked intermittent changes of T4 (Tab. I, Graph 1) were recorded with the lowest values of this parameter observed on days -10 (41.75 +/- 20.23, P less than 0.05) and -3 (50.22 +/- 18.77, P less than 0.05) and the highest on day -7 (96.77 +/- 17.51 nmol.l-1, P less than 0.01) and day zero (85.40 +/- 19.59 nmol.l-1 of serum, P less than 0.05) in comparison with the -13th day (67.22 +/- 18.29 nmol.l-1 of serum). Concentrations of P4 (Tab. I, Graph 4) declined to the lowest values on day zero observation (0.09 +/- 0.08 nmol.l-1 of serum, P less than 0.05 vs 3.40 +/- 3.61 nmol.l-1 on day -13). No significant changes of concentrations of T3 (Tab. I, Graph 2) and Chol (Tab. I, Graph 5) were observed during oestrus synchronization. During gravidity, concentrations of E2 (Tab. I Graph 3) showed an increasing trend compared to the -13th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)