Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Gliomas”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Secondary dissemination in children with high-grade malignant gliomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.

In children, treatment regimen for high-grade gliomas (HGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are generally not stratified according to disease stage. The hypothesis was that secondary disseminating disease (SDD) in children with HGG is related to an even worse outcome. Description of SDD pattern was performed. In total, 270 children with newly diagnosed HGG or DIPG were eligible for retrospective analysis of SDD. Medical and computer records of these patients were reviewed for demographic characteristics, sites of dissemination, prognostic variables. Forty-six (17%) of the 270 patients had developed SDD. The median time to SDD was 8.2 months. The median overall survival (OS) after dissemination was 3.2 months. The SDD was located parenchymal in the supratentorial (34.8%), infratentorial (6.5%), supratentorial and infratentorial (19.6%), spinal (10.9%), spinal and cerebral (6.5%) regions of the CNS, or leptomeningeal (21.7%). For HGG patients, the median OS was shorter among patients with SDD than among patients without SDD (1.02 vs 1.41 years, P=0.0495). In the group of patients with SDD, patients with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination had a worse outcome compared with patients with parenchymal metastases. Summarising, SDD is a negative prognostic factor for patients with HGG outside the pons. Treatment stratification should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Lymphoid cell-glioma cell interaction enhances cell coat production by human gliomas: novel suppressor mechanism.

Certain human glioma lines produce mucopolysaccharide coats that impair the generation of cytolytic lymphocytes in response to these lines in vitro. Coat production is substantially enhanced by the interaction of glioma cells with a macromolecular factor released by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture. This interaction thus constitutes an unusual mechanism by which inflammatory cells may nonspecifically suppress the cellular immune response to at least one class of solid tumors in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The Glioma Outcomes Project: a resource for measuring and improving glioma outcomes.

The author describes the Glioma Outcomes (GO) Project which conducts outcomes research and develops educational programs to benefit patients who undergo surgery for glioma. In January 1997 an advisory board of neurosurgeons, neurooncologists, and clinical research scientists was formed to establish the policies governing this project and to control the dissemination of aggregate data on clinical practices and outcomes. This voluntary database is designed to 1) guide the development of educational programs to improve the care of patients and 2) provide a mechanism by which physicians can evaluate the impact of their diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in a manner that is timely, confidential, and objective.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Synergism between BCNU and irradiation in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. An in vivo study using the avian sarcoma virus-induced glioma model.

The therapeutic effects of irradiation, BCNU, or combined irradiation and BCNU were studied in the avian sarrcoma virus (ASV)-induced glioma model in rats. Whole-head orthovoltage radiation therapy was given in six equal fractions over 2 weeks, and BCNU was administered intraperitoneally as a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Two series of experiments were performed in order to duplicate the results. In Series I, the median survival times of the experimental groups, in days after randomization were as follows: control group (no treatment), 69; group receiving 200 rads, 84 (p less than 0.05); group receiving BCNU, 80.5 (p less than 0.1); and group receiving 2000 rads + BCNU, 112 (p less than 0.001). In Series 2, the median survival times were: control group, 73.5; group receiving 2300 rads, 85 (p less than 0.01); group receiving BCNU, 92.5 (p less than 0.025); and group receiving 2300 rads + BCNU, 123.5 (p less than 0.001). In both series, combined therapy was significantly better than either radiation or BCNU alone. This is the first time that a synergistic effect of BCNU and irradiation has been reported in an in vivo brain-tumor model and supports the clinical use of this combination in the treatment of malignant gliomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

1H NMR investigations of tumor spheroids grown from a human glioma biopsy or from a human malignant glioma cell line.

Three-dimensional spherical aggregates of cells, grown from a permanent human malignant glioma cell line (multicellular GaMG spheroids) and from a human glioma biopsy (fragment spheroids), were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, 1H NMR spectra of biopsy specimens immediately after explantation and of cell monolayers from primary passage and passage 5 were acquired and compared to those of fragment spheroids. By allowing tumor cells to grow in a three-dimensional arrangement, many biological characteristics of the original tumor in vivo are preserved. A technical procedure was established, indicating that spheroids are particularly suited for NMR spectroscopic studies. Well-resolved proton NMR spectra were obtained from homogeneously reaggregated as well as from fragment spheroids which were immobilized in agar. We found that fragment spheroids closely resemble characteristic spectral patterns of the corresponding tumor tissue in vitro, thus making such tissue available for 1H NMR spectroscopic measurements under easy to standardize tissue-culture conditions. Furthermore, the effect of altering glucose supply on metabolism and growth was studied with multicellular GaMG spheroids. The spectroscopic differences found between cell suspensions and multicellular spheroids indicate that GaMG spheroids produce large amounts of lactate and that they can adapt their metabolism depending on glucose supply similar to tumors in vivo.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Products of cells cultured from gliomas. V. Cytology and morphometry of two cell types cultured from glioma.

Explants of cells of a human glioma were evaluated with the nuclear fluorochrome 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, by phase-contrast illumination, and by Giemsa staining correlated with double immunofluorescence for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and fibronectin (FN). FN-positive (FN+) cells lacked GFAP detectable by immunofluorescence. Their mean nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio was large (0.192). Actual mean areas of nuclei (1,252 microns2) and cytoplasm (8,376 microns2) of FN+ cells compared with mean areas of fibroblasts suggested that the high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of FN+ cells was due to their microscopically evident reduced cytoplasmic spreading rather than to larger nuclei. Some FN+ cells showed marked variation in nuclear and nucleolar size and shape. Others had abnormal mitoses or hyperchromatic nuclei. GFAP-positive (GFAP+) cells lacked FN detectable by immunofluorescence. GFAP+ cells were smaller and less round than FN+ cells. Their usual location was growing on a layer of FN+ cells. The mean nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (0.245) of GFAP+ cells was the highest in the study, surpassing the ratio of the continuous glioma line LM (0.176). Mean areas of nuclei (289 microns2) and of cytoplasm (1,350 microns2) of GFAP+ cells suggested that their high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio was due to their microscopically evident reduced cytoplasmic spreading. Reduced spreading was associated with extension of long, thin cytoplasmic processes. The majority of GFAP+ cells showed marked cytoplasmic basophilia, nuclear hyperchromasia, and clumped chromatin. Features observed in both FN+ and GFAP+ cells from this high-grade astrocytoma are features associated with malignant transformation in more thoroughly studied tumor systems.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2002

Mouse glioma gene expression profiling identifies novel human glioma-associated genes.

Based on previous studies demonstrating increased RAS activity in human astrocytomas, we developed a transgenic mouse model (B8) that targets an activated RAS molecule to astrocytes. Within 3 to 4 months after birth, these mice develop high-grade astrocytomas that are histologically identical to human astrocytomas. To characterize genetic events associated with B8 mouse astrocytoma formation, we employed comparative gene expression profiling of wild-type cultured mouse astrocytes, non-neoplastic B8 astrocytes, B8 astrocytoma cultures, and two other astrocytoma cultures from independently derived RAS transgenic mouse lines. We identified several classes of gene expression changes, including those associated with the non-neoplastic state in the B8 transgenic mouse, those associated with astrocytoma formation, and those specifically associated with only one of the three independently derived transgenic mouse astrocytomas. Differential expression of several unique genes was confirmed at the protein level in both the RAS transgenic mouse astrocytomas and two human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. Furthermore, reexpression of one of these downregulated astrocytoma-associated proteins, GAP43, resulted in C6 glioma cell growth suppression. The use of this transgenic mouse model to identify novel genetic changes that might underlie the pathogenesis of human high-grade astrocytomas provides a unique opportunity to discover future targets for brain tumor therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Experimental combination chemotherapy of ACNU and 5-FU against cultured glioma model (spheroid) and subcutaneous rat glioma.

The effects of combination chemotherapy of ACNU and 5-FU on cells grown exponentially as monolayers, cells in multi-cell spheroids and in s.c. transplanted tumors of rat glioma clone-6 cells were analyzed by the colony-forming assay. The cytotoxic effect of ACNU on cells in spheroids was enhanced by continuous 5-FU pretreatment for several hours, but further enhancement was obtained only if the 5-FU pretreatment lasted for more than 12 hr. The combined effect was decreased by a drug-free interval due to recovery from potentially lethal 5-FU damage, but ACNU treatment immediately after 5-FU treatment suppressed PLD recovery. Analysis with sequential trypsinization of spheroids indicated that ACNU showed more marked cytotoxicity on cells in the deeper layers in spheroids than on those in the outer layers, whereas the effect of 5-FU decreased towards the deeper cell layers. Enhancement of treatment with ACNU combined with 5-FU was evident for cells in the outer layers, but was more remarkable in the deeper layers. The combined effect of ACNU and 5-FU on s.c. tumors was similar to that in spheroids. The effect of combined treatment of ACNU with 5-FU on increase in body weight was within the additive range of both drugs acting independently, but was more than additive for the growth delay of s.c. tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Boron neutron capture radiation therapy of cerebral gliomas: an analysis of the possible use of boron-loaded tumor-specific antibodies for the selective concentration of boron in gliomas.

The possibility of achieving a therapeutically useful tissue boron distribution for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of cerebral gliomas with boron loaded tumor-specific antibodies is discussed. Using a theoretical tumor-immunological model and RBE dose-depth calculations, the effects of various parameters, e.g. antibody-antigen association constant, antigen site density, number of boron atoms per antibody molecule, etc., on the advantage depth, a relative measure of the resulting radiation dose distributions, are determined. It is shown that with this model a maximum in the advantage depth as a function of the blood boron concentration occurs, the position of which is dependent on the value of the parameters used. Frequently this maximum corresponds to a blood boron-10 concentration range of between 0.1 to 0.5 microgram 10B/g blood. It is concluded that given the pharmacodynamic properties of potentially useful antibody preparations for this type of tumor therapy, advantage depths significantly greater than those obtainable with existing "blood-brain-barrier" compounds are not likely to be easily achieved.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2006

Glioma oncogenesis and animal models of glioma formation.

Recent advances in animal models have improved our understanding of the pathway abnormalities driving glioma growth. This article reviews key molecular abnormalities that have been modeled in mice, and describes major tumor modeling techniques along with examples of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma models. Animal models are important not only for the testing of novel therapeutics but also as a means to understand the molecular explanations for treatment success and failure in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Synchrotron radiation therapy of malignant brain glioma loaded with an iodinated contrast agent: first trial on rats bearing F98 gliomas.

PURPOSE: Enhancement of the radiation dose delivered to a brain tumor can be achieved by infusing an iodinated contrast agent to the patient and irradiating with kilovoltage X-rays in computed tomography (CT) mode. Synchrotron sources, providing monochromatic tunable intense beams, are ideal for this treatment. The aim of this study is to assess in vivo the efficiency of this novel radiotherapy modality, Synchrotron Radiation CT-Therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intracranial implantations of 10(5) F98 glioma cells were performed on 18 Fisher 344 rats. Six rats were untreated controls, six received radiotherapy alone (10 Gy in the tumor by single fraction tomographic irradiation at 50 keV), and six received the same radiotherapy treatment under a continuous infusion of iodinated contrast agent. RESULTS: The rats that received contrast agent during radiotherapy survived significantly longer than rats that received radiotherapy alone (p = 0.025). Mean survival times (mean +/- SD) were 12.3 +/- 0.8, 14.8 +/- 2.8, and 18.2 +/- 1.3 days; median survival times were 12.5, 15, and 18 days (untreated controls, irradiated without iodine, irradiated with iodine, respectively). The increase in life spans was 20% and 44% for the rats irradiated without or with iodine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This method of radiation dose enhancement in brain tumors with synchrotron radiation significantly increases survival and appears highly promising.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

[Methylation status of RARbeta gene promoter in low and high grade cerebral glioma. Comparison with normal tissue. Immuno-histochemical study of nuclear RARbeta expression in low and high grade cerebral glioma cells. Comparison with normal cells. 48 tumors].

Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) is a nuclear receptor often deregulated in tumors. An immunohistochemical study was conducted to examine the level of expression of this receptor in the nucleus of glial cell tumors (low and high grade glioma) as well as a study of the methylation status of the gene promoter coding this receptor on the same tumor samples. A comparison with normal tissue was done each time. 48 tumors were eligible for the study (15 glioblastomas, 20 grade III oligodendrogliomas and 13 grade II oligodendrogliomas). A constant decrease of RARbeta expression was found by comparison with normal tissue whatever the histological grade of the tumor, suggesting a deregulation of RARbeta gene expression. Methylation of RARbeta promoter gene was a rare event (12.5% of all cases), except for grade III oligodendrogliomas (20%), and is thus not a major event of this gene deregulation. Other reasons of this deregulation of RARbeta should be studied, such as loss of 3p24 heterozygoty, mRNA studies and RARbeta interactions with other retinoid receptors.

Brain↗
PubMed2002

Living T9 glioma cells expressing membrane macrophage colony-stimulating factor produce immediate tumor destruction by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages via a "paraptosis"-induced pathway that promotes systemic immunity against intracranial T9 gliomas.

Cloned T9-C2 glioma cells transfected with membrane macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mM-CSF) never formed subcutaneous tumors when implanted into Fischer rats, whereas control T9 cells did. The T9-C2 cells were completely killed within 1 day through a mechanism that resembled paraptosis. Vacuolization of the T9-C2 cell's mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum started within 4 hours after implantation. By 24 hours, the dead tumor cells were swollen and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive. Bcl2-transduced T9-C2 cells failed to form tumors in rats. Both T9 and T9-C2 cells produced cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant that recruited the granulocytes into the tumor injection sites, where they interacted with the tumor cells. Freshly isolated macrophages killed the T9-C2 cells in vitro by a mechanism independent of phagocytosis. Nude athymic rats treated with antiasialo GM1 antibody formed T9-C2 tumors, whereas rats treated with a natural killer cell (NK)-specific antibody failed to form tumors. When treated with antipolymorphonuclear leukocyte (anti-PMN) and antimacrophage antibodies, 80% of nude rats formed tumors, whereas only 40% of the rats developed a tumor when a single antibody was used. This suggests that both PMNs and macrophages are involved in the killing of T9-C2 tumor cells. Immunocompetent rats that rejected the living T9-C2 cells were immune to the intracranial rechallenge with T9 cells. No vaccinating effect occurred if the T9-C2 cells were freeze-thawed, x-irradiated, or treated with mitomycin-C prior to injection. Optimal tumor immunization using mM-CSF-transduced T9 cells requires viable tumor cells. In this study optimal tumor immunization occurred when a strong inflammatory response at the injection of the tumor cells was induced.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Radiation therapy and high-dose tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with diffuse brainstem gliomas: results of a Brazilian cooperative study. Brainstem Glioma Cooperative Group.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) combined with tamoxifen (TX) was tested in patients diagnosed with diffuse brainstem gliomas in a multicenter trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TX was administered orally (maintenance dose: 200 mg/m(2) per day) along with conventional local RT and then continued for 52 additional weeks. Survival, tumoral radiologic response, and toxicity were evaluated. Compliance was assessed using pharmacokinetic measurements. RESULTS: Of 29 patients, 27 completed RT (median dose, 54 Gy). Of 22 assessable patients, 11 (50%) had an objective radiologic response. The mean TX steady-state serum level was 2.44 micromol/L +/- 1.02 micromol/L. Only three patients completed the entire course of treatment without tumoral progression or significant toxicity. Common side effects included nausea and vomiting. Hepatotoxicity (five patients), neurotoxicity (two patients), venous thrombosis (one patient), bilateral ovarian cysts (two patients), and transient neutropenia (one patient) were also observed. Median survival was 10.3 months. Only four patients remain alive without tumoral progression. The 1-year survival rate (mean +/- SD) was 37.0% +/- 9.5%. CONCLUSION: This treatment combination produced no significant change in the overall poor prognosis of these patients. Most tumors responded initially to treatment but recurred as the study progressed. A minority of patients seemed to benefit from the extended use of TX. Generally, treatment was well tolerated, with good patient compliance, but we recommend continuous close monitoring for side effects. Based on our poor results, we recommend that alternative treatments be tested in patients with this type of tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Comparative ultrastructure of human gliomas and experimental gliomas induced by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (author's transl)].

A brief review of earlier results concerning the ultrastructure of 20 gliomas induced by intracerebral inoculation of Rous sarcoma virus in the dog emphasizes the similarity of certain canine and human histological types. Since no sign of the viral induction is recognizable for certain in the experimental tumors and since the large size of the animal authorizes the use of the same radiological detection techniques as in Man these viral induced tumors represent a remarkable experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Tectal plate gliomas. Part III: Apparent lack of auditory consequences of unilateral inferior collicular lesion due to localized glioma surgery.

The authors present one of their cases operated on for intrinsic tectal plate glioma. The complete resection of the right inferior colliculus (I.C.) had no apparent auditory consequences. The pre- and post-operative tonal and vocal auditory tests were normal. The brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and middle latency potentials (MLPs) were recorded pre-, post- and intraoperatively. At the end of surgery all waves were present with a marked delay of wave V and a slight delay of the Pa component. The dichotic test showed a significant right ear extinction but admittedly much less important than expected. The role of inferior colliculus (I.C.) in hearing is discussed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1975

Boron neutron capture therapy of cerebral gliomas. II. Utilization of the blood-brain barrier and tumor-specific antigens for the selective concentration of boron in gliomas.

The use of the blood-brain barrier and of tumor-specific antibodies to concentrate boron selectivity in gliomas for neutron capture therapy is considered experimentally and theoretically. The time-dependent concentration of two anionic boranes, B12 H11 SH2- and B12 H11 SOSB12 H114-, in the blood, brain, and tumor of rats bearing a tumor of gliomatous origin is reported. The rate of clearance of each anionic borane from the blood is correlated with the fraction of non-protein bound anion in the plasma. The use of antibodies to carry therapeutical useful amounts of boron to tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens on the tumor cell surface will require different numbers of boron atoms bound per antibody depending on several immunological and physical parameters. Calculations using published values of antibody-antigen association constants and of cell surface antigen densities predict that in order to obtain 10mug 10B/g tumor from 10 to over 10,000 boron-10 atoms will have to be bound per tumor antigenic site.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Dendritic cells pulsed with glioma lysates induce immunity against syngeneic intracranial gliomas and increase survival of tumor-bearing mice.

In recent years, the use of dendritic cells (DC), the most powerful antigen presenting cells, has been proposed for the creation of vaccines against gliomas. This approach has been demonstrated to be safe and non-toxic in phase I or I-II trials (2, 3). Immunotherapy plays a central role in the search for new treatments for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In particular, several phase I studies have been performed using DC pulsed by GBM proteins as a vaccine for patients with relapsing GBM. The studies demonstrated that DC vaccination is safe and may produce a significant increase in overall survival. As the first step in the preparation of appropriate conditions for a clinical evaluation in Italy, we have performed pre-clinical experiments on immune-competent mice injected intra-cerebrally with syngeneic GL261GBM cells and treated subcutaneously and intra-tumorally with DC loaded with a GL261 homogenate. These results show that vaccination with DC pulsed with a tumor lysate increases considerably survival in mice bearing intracranial glioblastomas and supports the development of DC-based clinical trials for patients with glioblastomas that do not respond to standard therapies.

Animals↗