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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Allium sativum (garlic) suppresses leukocyte inflammatory cytokine production in vitro: potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) direct a predominantly cell-mediated T- helper-1 (Th1) immune response. The nonspecific anti-inflammatory treatment being used in the management of patients with IBD has not changed much since the 1970s and new therapeutic agents are keenly sought. Several compounds isolated from Allium sativum (garlic) modulate leukocyte cell proliferation and cytokine production. METHODS: To investigate the possible therapeutic effects of garlic in the treatment of patients with IBD, whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated in the presence of various concentrations of garlic extract and the effect on leukocyte cytokine production was determined in vitro using multiparameter flow cytometry. RESULTS: Monocyte interleukin (IL)-12 production was inhibited significantly in the presence of low concentrations of garlic extract (>or=0.1 microg/ml total protein). Monocyte IL-10 production increased significantly and monocyte tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, T-cell interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-2, and TNF-alpha decreased significantly in the presence of >or=10 microg/ml garlic extract. Twenty to fifty percent of the immunomodulatory activity of garlic extract on cytokine production was acid labile. The inhibitory activity of methylprednisolone, a commonly used anti-inflammatory in IBD, with garlic on leukocyte cytokine production was additive. CONCLUSIONS: By inhibiting Th1 and inflammatory cytokines while upregulating IL-10 production, treatment with garlic extract may help to resolve inflammation associated with IBD. An in vivo animal model study needs to be undertaken to determine the significance of these in vitro findings.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2003

Garlic attenuates chrysotile-mediated pulmonary toxicity in rats by altering the phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzyme system.

Asbestos and its carcinogenic properties have been extensively documented. Asbestos exposure induces diverse cellular events associated with lung injury. Previously, we have shown that treatment with chrysotile shows significant alteration in phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzyme system. In this study we have examined some potential mechanisms by which garlic treatment attenuates chrysotile-mediated pulmonary toxicity in rat. Female Wistar rats received an intratracheal instillation of 5 mg chrysotile (0.5 mL saline) as well as intragastric garlic treatment (1% body weight (v/w); 6 days per week). Effect of garlic treatment was evaluated after 1, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days by assaying aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat lung microsome. The results showed that AHH and TBARS formation were significantly reduced at day 90 and day 180 in chrysotile treated garlic cofed rats; GSH recovered 15 days later to the near normal level and GST elevated significantly after treatment of garlic as compared to chrysotile alone treated rat lung microsome. The data obtained shows that inhibition of AHH activity and induction of GST activity could be contributing factor in chrysotile-mediated pulmonary toxicity in garlic cofed rats. However, recovery of GSH and inhibition of TBARS formation by garlic and its constituent(s) showed that garlic may give protection by altering the drug metabolizing enzyme system.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of two major proteins in garlic bulb.

Garlic is known as a potent spice and a medicine with broad therapeutic properties ranging from antibacterial to anticancer, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant. Two major proteins of 40 KD and 14 KD constituting approximately 96% of total garlic proteins have been recently purified at our Institute. This immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study revealed that the 40 KD protein was localized in the parenchyma sheath cells (PSC) of garlic bulbs, whereas the 14 KD protein was present in the cortical cells (CC). Immunogold electron microscopy study indicated that the 40 KD protein was specifically localized in the globular granules of the cytoplasmic area of PSC. Each globular granule was amorphous and homogenous with membrane limiting its outermost layer. The yellowish color of PSC in freshly cut slices of garlic bulb suggested that PSC may have sulfur-containing compounds such as allicin, the primary contributor of the pungency and medicinal properties of garlic. Ellman's reagent test quantitatively revealed that there were 17.8 n moles sulfhydryl (SH)/ml of 40 KD garlic protein. Microtubule tubulin in mitotic figures from PHA-stimulated human short-term whole blood cultures reacted strongly with antitubulin antibody but reacted negatively with anti-40 KD garlic protein antibodies and therefore was not related to the 40 KD garlic protein immunocytochemically.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optimal dose of garlic to inhibit dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer.

This study was designed to investigate the optimal dose of garlic during long-term feeding and its preventive and therapeutic effects on colon cancer in rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). A total of 240 male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped and fed with either a basal or a garlic diet of different concentration, and some groups were subcutaneously injected with DMH 20 mg/kg once a week for 20 weeks. The incidence of colon tumor was significantly decreased in the groups fed with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% garlic diets (p < 0.001). There was no distinct difference among these concentrations (p > 0.05). Therefore the minimal optimal dose of garlic to inhibit colon cancer was 2.5%. The equivalent dose of this concentration in humans is 4.76 g/m2 body surface/day. In a therapeutic study, the tumor-inducing interval in nude mice subcutaneously injected with colon cancer cells (CC-M2) was prolonged by a 2.5% garlic diet (p < 0.01). Thus smaller tumor volume and longer survival time were found in the garlic group than in the controls (p < 0.01). However, the growth rate of tumors was not markedly inhibited by garlic. All rats finally died within 18 weeks. This study suggested that a 2.5% garlic dose may be used mainly as an inhibitor to prevent colon cancers and improve survival time.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cardioprotective actions of wild garlic (allium ursinum) in ischemia and reperfusion.

The susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias under the conditions of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion was investigated in the Langendorff heart preparation of rats fed for eight weeks a standard chow enriched with 2% of pulverized wild garlic leaves. The isolated hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during 20 min occlusion of the descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD) was significantly reduced in the wild garlic group as compared to untreated controls (20% vs 88%). The same holds for the size of the ischemic zone (33.6% vs 40.9% of heart weight). In the reperfusion experiments (5 min after 10 min ischemia), ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurred in 70% of the wild garlic group vs 100% in untreated controls and VF in 50% vs 90%. The time until occurrence of extrasystoles, VT or VR was prolonged. No significant alterations in cardiac fatty acid composition could be observed. Although the prostacyclin production was slightly increased in hearts of the wild garlic group, inhibition of cyclooxygenase by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin) could not completely prevent the cardioprotective effects suggesting that the prostaglandin system does not play a decisive role in the cardioprotective action of wild garlic. Furthermore, a moderate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting action of wild garlic was found in vitro as well as in vivo that could contribute to the cardioprotective and blood pressure lowering action of wild garlic. Whether a free radical scavenging activity of wild garlic is involved in its cardioprotective effects remains to be established.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1995

On the effect of garlic on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in mild hypercholesterolaemia.

The ingestion of garlic has been reported to have many cardiovascular effects, including a reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration and the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover study was conducted in subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia who were subject to strict dietary supervision and assessment. After a baseline dietary period of 28 days, subjects took Kwai garlic powder tablets 300 mg three times daily or matching placebo for 12 weeks, followed by 28 days washout, followed by a 12 weeks crossover on the alternative preparation. In the analysis hypercholesterolaemia was defined as those subjects in the range 5.5-8.05 mmol/l. Three subjects were withdrawn, one allocated to garlic and complaining of garlic body odour, one using placebo having intercurrent health problems, and one with a baseline cholesterol below 5.5 mmol/l, yielding analysable results in 28 subjects. Comparing the period on garlic with that on placebo, there were no significant differences in plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, lipoprotein(a) concentrations, or blood pressure. Mean LDL cholesterol concentration was 4.64 +/- 0.52 mmol/l on garlic and 4.60 +/- 0.59 mmol/l on placebo. There was no demonstrable effect of garlic on oxidisability of LDL, on the ratio of plasma lathosterol/cholesterol (a measure of cholesterol synthesis), nor on LDL receptor expression in lymphocytes. This study found no demonstrable effect of garlic ingestion on lipids and lipoproteins.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Endothelium-dependent and independent effects of garlic on rat aorta.

Effects of garlic on isolated rat aorta were investigated by comparing with those of acetylcholine and L-arginine in the presence and absence of endothelium. For this purpose, certain linear and non-linear regression models were applied for concentration-response curves obtained by acetylcholine, L-arginine and garlic in the rat aorta. Garlic caused dose-dependent relaxations in isolated rat aorta which were attenuated by the removal of endothelium as in the case of acetylcholine. However, the relaxant responses to acetylcholine, L-arginine and garlic were not completely abolished by the endothelial denudation. Application of a number of regression models for the vasorelaxant effects of acetylcholine and garlic revealed that mechanism(s) of the effect of garlic may be different from that of acetylcholine. Furthermore, it was noted that L-arginine-induced relaxations, but not those induced by acetylcholine and garlic, are enhanced by a 2 or 4 h incubation period in the bathing medium. The findings obtained strongly suggested that the vasorelaxant effect of garlic is important in its hypotensive activity and mediated by the production of endothelium-and/or muscle-derived relaxing factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Analytical method for appreciation of garlic therapeutic potential and for validation of a new formulation.

The consumption of garlic reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (alliin), allicin (DATi), diallyl disulfide (DADS), S-allylcysteine (SAC) and several storage dipeptides are the organo-sulphur compounds (OSC) involved in the protective mechanism of garlic against cardiovascular disorders and carcinogenesis. Thus it is very interesting to quantify simultaneously all these compounds in different garlic powders obtained in several cultural conditions. The quantification of OSC by a new ion-pair HPLC method allowed showing the general sulphur-dependence positive effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorder and carcinogenesis and the variable specific activity of each implicated OSC. The screening of 11 garlic tablets proposed on the market showed the variability and particularly the differential instability of each OSC. From these results, a new garlic tablet was realised and each step was controlled by this method. This analytical method proved to be a very powerful tool for the understanding of the garlic protective mechanism against cancer and cardiovascular diseases and the development and quality control of garlic tablets.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) supplementation on cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 activity in healthy volunteers.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a commonly used food and herbal supplement. The objective of this study was to assess in healthy volunteers (N = 14) the influence of a garlic extract on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 3A4. Probe substrates dextromethorphan (CYP2D6) and alprazolam (CYP3A4) were administered orally at baseline and again after treatment with garlic extract (3 x 600 mg twice daily) for 14 days. Urinary dextromethorphan/dextrorphan ratios and alprazolam plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC at baseline and after garlic extract treatment. The ratio of dextromethorphan to its metabolite was 0.044 +/- 0.48 at baseline and 0.052 +/- 0.095 after garlic supplementation. There were no significant differences between the baseline and garlic phases (P > or =.05). For alprazolam, there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters at baseline and after garlic extract treatment (all P values > or =.05; maximum concentration in plasma, 27.3 +/- 2.6 ng/mL versus 27.3 +/- 4.8 ng/mL; time to reach maximum concentration in plasma, 1.9 +/- 1.4 h versus 2.4 +/- 1.8 h; area under the time-versus-concentration curve, 537 +/- 94 h. ng. mL(-1) versus 548 +/- 159 h. ng. mL(-1); half-life of elimination, 13.7 +/- 4.4 h versus 14.5 +/- 4.3 h). Our results indicate that garlic extracts are unlikely to alter the disposition of coadministered medications primarily dependent on the CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 pathway of metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Garlic prevents hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.

It has been reported that garlic activates nitric oxide synthase in vitro and that chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) induces arterial hypertension in rats. In this work, we studied the effect of oral administration of L-NAME for 4 weeks on control and garlic-fed rats. Basal systolic blood pressure was recorded 4 weeks after garlic supplementation, and on weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after L-NAME treatment. At the end of the study, the in vivo NO production was evaluated indirectly by measuring the urinary excretion of the stable end products of NO metabolism, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-). It was found that L-NAME induced arterial hypertension on weeks 1-4 in control rats but not in garlic-fed rats, whose blood pressure remained essentially as the basal values. Also, during this time period, blood pressure remained unchanged in garlic-fed rats without L-NAME treatment. Urinary excretion of NO2-/NO3- decreased in L-NAME-treated rats, increased in garlic-fed rats, and remained unchanged in garlic-fed rats treated with L-NAME. It was concluded that garlic blocks the L-NAME-induced hypertension by antagonizing in vivo the inhibitory effect of L-NAME on NO production.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Lactic acid fermentation and storage of blanched garlic.

The controlled fermentation of peeled, blanched garlic, using a starter culture of Lactobacillus plantarum, was studied and compared with that of unblanched garlic. Blanching was carried out in hot water (90 degrees C) for 15 min. The starter grew abundantly in the case of blanched garlic, producing mainly lactic acid and reaching a pH of 3.8 after 7 days, but its growth was inhibited in unblanched garlic. Ethanol and fructose, coming from enzymatic activities of the garlic, and a green pigment were formed during the fermentation of unblanched garlic, but not of blanched garlic. The blanched garlic fermented by L. plantarum, even without a preservation treatment (pasteurization), was microbiologically stable during storage at 30 degrees C in an acidified brine (approximately 3% (w/w) NaCl and pH 3.5 at equilibrium), but fructans were hydrolyzed. The packed fermented product and that obtained by direct packing without fermentation were not significantly different with regard to flavour.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1997

Involvement of calcium in the cardiac depressant actions of a garlic dialysate.

In order to elucidate a possible role for calcium on the negative cardiotropic effects of a garlic (Allium sativum L., Liliaceae) dialysate in rat atria we studied: (a) the effects of our extract 15 min after preincubation with high and low concentrations of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) on left and right activity of rat atria. The negative inotropism of garlic dialysate increased with calcium 0.75 mM; in contrast, high level of calcium (4.5 mM) induced a significant reduction of this depressant effect. None of these treatments modified the negative chronotropism of garlic; (b) nifedipine (10(-9) to 10(-7) M, verapamil (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) and diltiazem (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) induced a concentration-dependent synergism of the log concentration-effect of garlic dialysate on left atria. Verapamil and diltiazem (10(-7)M), but not nifedipine increased the inhibitory chronotropism of garlic in right atria; (c) negative inotropic and chronotropic effects demonstrated by nifedipine (1 x 10(-10) to 1.1 x 10(-6) M) were antagonized as expected by preincubation with Bay K-8644. Depressant actions of garlic were not modified with this pretreatment. These results suggest that the negative inotropic effect of our garlic dialysate is related to [Ca2+]o availability. It is possible that a restriction of intracellular calcium contributes to this effect. However, the negative chronotropic effect of garlic is scarcely affected by these modifications.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed2000

Chemical speciation influences comparative activity of selenium-enriched garlic and yeast in mammary cancer prevention.

A recent human intervention trial showed that daily supplementation with selenized yeast (Se-yeast) led to a decrease in the overall cancer morbidity and mortality by nearly 50%; past research has also demonstrated that selenized garlic (Se-garlic) is very effective in mammary cancer chemoprevention in the rat model. The goal of this study was to compare certain biological activities of Se-garlic and Se-yeast and to elucidate the differences based on the chemical forms of selenium found in these two natural products. Characterization of organic selenium compounds in yeast (1922 microg/g Se) and garlic (296 microg/g Se) was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or with electrospray mass spectrometry. Analytical speciation studies showed that the bulk of the selenium in Se-garlic and Se-yeast is in the form of gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine (73%) and selenomethionine (85%), respectively. The above methodology has the sensitivity and capability to account for >90% of total selenium. In the rat feeding studies, supplementation of Se-garlic in the diet at different levels consistently caused a lower total tissue selenium accumulation when compared to Se-yeast. On the other hand, Se-garlic was significantly more effective in suppressing the development of premalignant lesions and the formation of adenocarcinomas in the mammary gland of carcinogen-treated rats. Given the present finding on the identity of selenomethionine and gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine as the major form of selenium in Se-yeast and Se-garlic, respectively, the metabolism of these two compounds is discussed in an attempt to elucidate how their disposition in tissues might account for the differences in cancer chemopreventive activity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Mechanism of the greening color formation of "laba" garlic, a traditional homemade chinese food product.

While green discoloration during garlic processing is of a major concern, this greening is desirable and required for the traditional homemade Chinese "Laba" garlic. To obtain insights into the mechanism of color formation, simulation of the greening of "Laba" garlic was carried out in the laboratory by soaking aged garlic in 5% (v/v, pH 2.33) acetic acid solution. After 2 days, the garlic cloves turned green. Up to 4 days, pigment(s) diffused from garlic cloves to the pickling solution. The solution exhibits two maximal absorbances at approximately 440 and approximately 590 nm, corresponding to yellow and blue species, respectively, the combination of which creates the green coloration. With increasing time from 4 to 25 days, the concentration of both yellow and blue species increases at nearly the same rate, while after 25 days, the concentration of the yellow species increases faster than that of the blue species. Interestingly, most thiosulfinates ( approximately 85%) in garlic cloves were converted within 4 days, suggesting that thiosulfinate conversion is proportional to the formation of the pigments. Consistent with this conclusion, alliinase and acetic acid were required for the color formation. UV-vis spectral measurements and pH results suggest that the color formation occurs by two kinds of processes: one enzymatic and the other nonenzymatic. Low pH (2.0-3.0) favors nonenzymatic reactions, while high pH (6.0 or above) is conducive to enzymatic reactions. Thus, the ideal pH for the entire process of garlic greening is between 4.0 and 5.0, which is a compromise of the optimal pH of both the enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Dose-dependent influence of commercial garlic (Allium sativum) on rats fed cholesterol-containing diet.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the dose-dependent influence of commercial garlic on rats fed cholesterol-containing diets. It was found that commercial garlic contains high concentrations of dietary fibers, microelements, and total polyphenols, and its total antioxidant capacity as determined by two independent assays [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] was similar to that of the original garlic samples. Wistar rats (35) were randomly divided into five diet groups, named control, Chol, Garlic500, Garlic750, and Garlic1000. Control rats were fed basal diet (BD), which included wheat starch, casein, soybean oil, and vitamin and mineral mixtures. To the BD of the Chol group was added 1% of cholesterol. To the BD of the other three groups (Garlic500, Garlic750, and Garlic1000) were added 1% of cholesterol and commercial garlic equal to 500, 750, and 1000 mg of raw garlic per kilogram of animal weight. After 4 weeks of the experiment only in rats from the Garlic500 group were a significant hindering in the rise in plasma lipids and also a significant hindering in a decrease of plasma antioxidant activity registered. A significant decrease in plasma circulating fibrinogen and an increase in the clotting time were found in the same group of rats (P < 0.05 in both cases). The fibrinogenolytic effect of garlic diets was visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the fibrinogen fraction of Garlic500 the 66, 24, and 14 kDa protein bands were detected with weaker protein intensity than in the corresponding ones in the Garlic750 and Garlic1000 diet groups. In conclusion, the positive influences of commercial garlic on plasma lipids, proteins, antioxidant activity, and some indices of blood coagulation are dose-dependent. Therefore, commercial garlic (Elena, Zelazków, Poland) could be a valuable component of atherosclerosis-preventing diets only in optimal doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Garlic and its significance for the prevention of cancer in humans: a critical view.

Recently published results of epidemiologic case-control studies in China and Italy on gastric carcinoma in relation to diet suggest that consuming garlic may reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Chemical constituents of garlic have been tested for their inhibiting effect on carcinogenesis, using in vitro and in vivo models. In most experiments inhibition of tumour growth was established using fresh garlic extract, garlic compounds or synthetically prepared analogs. In this review the strengths and weaknesses of the experiments are discussed and the outcomes are evaluated to assess the possible significance of garlic or garlic compounds for the prevention of cancer in humans. It is concluded that evidence from laboratory experiments and epidemiologic studies is presently not conclusive as to the preventive activity of garlic. However, the available evidence warrants further research into the possible role of garlic in the prevention of cancer in humans.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of garlic-fermenting lactic acid bacteria isolated from som-fak, a Thai low-salt fermented fish product.

AIMS: To evaluate the importance of garlic for fermentation of a Thai fish product, and to differentiate among garlic-/inulin-fermenting lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at strain level. METHODS AND RESULTS: Som-fak was prepared by fermentation of a mixture of fish, salt, rice, sucrose and garlic. pH decreased to 4.5 in 2 days, but omitting garlic resulted in a lack of acidification. LAB were predominant and approximately one third of 234 isolated strains fermented garlic and inulin (the carbohydrate reserve in garlic). These strains were identified as Lactobacillus pentosus and Lact. plantarum. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed one major RAPD type (29 strains) isolated from all stages of fermentation. CONCLUSION: Garlic was essential for acidification of som-fak and garlic-fermenting strains constituted a significant, homogeneous part of the LAB flora. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present study indicates the role of fructans (garlic/inulin) as carbohydrate sources for LAB. Fructan fermenters may have several biotechnological applications, for example, as probiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Recent studies have cast doubt on the proposed lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects of garlic. We tested the effect of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on blood lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-five healthy, normo-lipidaemic volunteers (men and women aged 40-60 years) were assigned to dried garlic powder tablets (10.8 mg alliin (3-(2-propenylsulfinyl)-L-alanine)/d, corresponding to about three garlic cloves) or placebo. Sixty-two subjects were eligible for the per-protocol analysis. The primary outcome measure was serum total cholesterol concentration. Secondary outcome measures were LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, blood pressure and arterial stiffness (assessed by pulse wave velocity). No significant differences between the garlic and placebo groups were detected for any of the outcome measures. However, garlic powder was associated with a near-significant decrease (12 %) in triacylglycerol concentration (P=0.07). In conclusion, garlic powder tablets have no clinically relevant lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects in middle-aged, normo-lipidaemic individuals. The putative anti-atherosclerotic effect of garlic may be linked to risk markers other than blood lipids.

Adult↗