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PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphoproliferative pathology of the genitourinary tract. Report of 6 cases and review of the literature].

OBJECTIVES: Six cases of genitourinary lymphoma are described and the literature reviewed. METHODS/RESULTS: The cases had the following histopathological diagnosis: 1 small and large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the renal pelvis, 2 high grade centroblastic testicular NHL; 1 centroblastic-centroid bladder NHL, 1 lymphoplasmocytoid bladder NHL and 1 low grade NHL of the prostate. All but the prostatic lymphoma were primary. Treatment was by nephrectomy and chop polychemotherapy (PCT) for the renal pelvis NHL, orchiectomy for the 2 testicular NHLs (one case also received radiotherapy), chop PCT for the bladder NHLs and PCT for the prostatic NHL. Three patients have died: the patient with renal pelvis NHL, centroblastic-centroid bladder NHL and the patient with prostatic NHL. CONCLUSIONS: Although these tumors are rare, they should be suspected in patients with lymphoma, elderly men with a testicular mass, patients with a large bladder compressing/infiltrating mass and in the immunnodepressed patients. A preoperative histopathological diagnosis must be made before performing radical surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Multicystic dysplastic kidney with ipsilateral abnormalities of genitourinary tract: experience in children.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence, nature, and management of associated ipsilateral genitourinary malformations in children with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the medical records and imaging studies of 93 patients with MCDK. Patients underwent ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, intravenous urography, and radionuclide renal imaging studies during their first month of age. RESULTS: A diagnosis of MCDK associated with malformation of the ipsilateral internal genitalia was confirmed in 11 patients after birth investigations of prenatal MCDK. Three were diagnosed at 1, 12, and 14 years of age because of epididymitis, pelvic pain associated with amenorrhea, and accidentally during lumbar pain assessment, respectively. The male/female sex ratio was 10:4. The left side was involved in 9 patients. We had 3 cases of Gartner duct persistence, 6 of cystic retrovesical and laterovesical masses with vanishing MCDK, 4 of cystic retrovesical or laterovesical masses with compressive MCDK, and 1 of a blind-ending hemivagina. Nine patients were periodically observed, and four underwent nephroureterectomy. All patients underwent 6-month follow-up examinations with ultrasonography (mean follow-up 6.54 years, range 36 months to 14 years). CONCLUSIONS: Of the 93 patients with MCDK, 14 (15%) had malformations of the ipsilateral internal genitalia. Persistence of seminal cysts in boys and Gartner ducts were encountered even if the MCDK had involuted. These results suggest that follow-up of patients with MCDK should be performed until the end of puberty to detect genitourinary malformations.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Effect of sera of patients with genitourinary tract cancers on transformation of lymphocytes stimulated with anti-thymocyte globulin.

Serum from patients with genitourinary cancer was tested for ability to support transformation of autologous or normal lymphocytes stimulated with ATG. Selected for specificity for T-lymphocytes, ATG at times gave a more sensitive indication of a serum defect than did PHA. Although poor transformability in the presence of patient serum suggests an inhibitor, this test cannot rule out the possibility of a limitation of an essential nutrient usually supplied by serum. Presence of inhibitor(s) was more strongly indicated by contrasting transformation of normal lymphocytes with patient serum against a panel of normal sera. The presence of circulating inhibitor(s) was confirmed by demonstrating depression of transformation of normal lymphocytes in complete medium by chromatographic fractions from patient serum that did not support transformation. In several instances, patient serum was more inhibitory of autologous than normal lymphocytes, which suggested an additional way of examining host immune competence.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1980

Radiation to regional nodes for rhabdomyosarcoma of the genitourinary tract in children: is it necessary? A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study No. 1 (IRS-1).

Fifty-eight children with genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma are reported. Lesions involved the bladder (22), prostate (14), vagina/uterus (6), and paratesticular tissues (16). Fifteen of 58 had positive sampling of regional lymph nodes. Eleven of 15 received radiation to no more than 4500 rad in most cases, and 9 of 11 are diseases free. Two of 15 had no radiation and are disease free also. Twenty-three of 58 had negative nodes. Six of 23 had radiation to these nodal areas and 4 of 6 are disease free. Fifteen of 17 patients had no radiation and are disease free also. Sixteen of 20 patients with no node sampling are disease free; 9 of 16 had radiation but 7 of 16 did not. All patients in the Study had intensive systemic maintenance chemotherapy. One 1 patient failed in regional nodes despite 4500 rad to these node echelons. We suggest chemotherapy and radiotherapy, not to exceed 3500 rad in four weeks, to known residual disease including regions from which positive nodes have been obtained.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Magnetic resonance imaging of the genitourinary tract.

Magnetic resonance imaging, in general, is in a state of evolution. This article demonstrates its potential use in the diagnosis of genitourinary pathology. Controlled studies will be required, however, in order to determine the place of this imaging modality in the vast array of imaging options currently available to the radiologist and urologic surgeon. It is expected that, in the not too distant future, the indications for magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of genitourinary disorders will become clear.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1972

Herpesvirus type 2 in the male genitourinary tract.

A population study of 190 randomly selected male patients with no history of genital herpesvirus infection revealed a high incidence of herpesvirus type 2 in genitourinary specimens. This indicates that men serve as a reservoir of genital herpesvirus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The distribution frequency of Candida species in the genitourinary tract among symptomatic individuals in Nigerian cities.

A clinical survey was carried out in seven cities in the southern part of Nigeria to determine the relative distribution of genitourinary Candida species in symptomatic patients reporting for diagnosis and treatment. Seven Candida species were identified using the CHROMagar Candida method and the API 20C System. Candida species were represented by Candida glabrata (33.7%), Candida albicans (20.1%), Candida tropicalis (18%), Candida guilliermondii (17.8%) Candida pseudotropicalis (5%), Candida parapsilosis (5%), and C. albicans var.stellatoidea (1.2%). The distribution of these species among the various age groups (15-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40 and 41 plus years) was statistically insignificant. Out of the 517 positive samples, 182 (35%) were found in the age group 26-30 years, while age 41 plus had the lowest frequency (1.2%). The results presented show that C. albicans, usually reported to be the most frequently isolated species, is not the main species in the cities studied. With C. glabrata in preponderance, the finding supports recent studies reporting that several pathogenic non-C. albicans species are now being frequently isolated. The level of social activities, such as drug abuse and sexual promiscuity, may be important in the distribution frequency of Candida species in different age groups and locations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective genitourinary tract surgery: a comparison of single-dose pre-operative cefotaxime and multiple-dose cefoxitin.

In a randomized, single-blind study, the efficacy of single-dose cefotaxime was compared with multiple dose cefoxitin in genitourinary surgery prophylaxis. Patients received either 1.0 g cefotaxime before surgery; or 2.0 g cefoxitin pre-operatively and every 8 h for no more than 24 h post-operatively. Of the evaluable patients receiving cefotaxime 3 of 35 (8.6%) became infected post-operatively, compared to 12 of 37 (32.4%) patients receiving cefoxitin (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that single-dose genitourinary surgical prophylaxis with cefotaxime may be more effective than a longer dosing schedule with cefoxitin in the prevention of post-operative urinary tract infections, and that a single-dose regimen may represent significant cost containment advantages for hospitals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Understanding and interpreting MRI of the genitourinary tract.

This article familiarizes the urologist with the most common pulse sequences used in MRI to evaluate the kidneys and adrenal glands. It serves as a basis on which interpretation of genitourinary MRI can be facilitated, and includes specifics on how to perform these studies. MRI analysis of renal masses, cysts, and cystic masses is reviewed thoroughly and the critical factor in determining enhancement in renal lesions is detailed. Adrenal imaging for metastatic disease is reviewed. MR urography is also discussed briefly.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae biotypes isolated from the human genitourinary tract.

A total of 3,598 genital specimens from men and women was cultured for Haemophilus spp. using a simple selective culture method. Two hundred and thirty three samples (6.5%) were positive for Haemophilus spp., 216 Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 28 Haemophilus influenzae strains being isolated. Biotyping demonstrated that Haemophilus parainfluenzae biotype II was dominant at all sites, especially the male urethra, comprising 59% of all Haemophilus strains isolated. On the other hand, Haemophilus influenzae biotype IV was isolated from only six patients and thus was not a major genital biotype. The respective proportions of the two Haemophilus spp. recovered from various mucosal sites led to the supposition that the genitourinary colonization originated either from the upper respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Urinary stress incontinence and equilibrium of the genitourinary tract in village women].

This study was performed in 100 women aged 28 to 60 years, who had 1 to 6 physiological deliveries. The women were divided into two groups: 1) living in cities; 2) living in villages. The number of deliveries, miscarriages, birth weight of fetus and retention of urine were recorded. Bacterial cultures were also performed and the statics of the genitourinary system was investigated. The amount of urinary retention was standardized using a 3 degree scale. It was found that women living in village significantly less frequently demonstrate changes in the statics of the genitourinary system, urinary stress incontinence and retention, as well as infections of the urinary tract.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fungal infections of the genitourinary tract.

Fungal infections of the urinary tract are increasing in incidence, mostly because of the increasing use of antibacterial agents and indwelling urinary catheters. This review will focus mainly on the spectrum of genitourinary infections caused by Candida spp., including asymptomatic candiduria, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and renal candidiasis. Special emphasis will be placed on the therapeutic approach to the various clinical entities. Other fungal infections, such as urinary aspergillosis and cryptococcosis will be discussed briefly.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1986

Genitourinary tract anomalies: neonatal medical problems.

The results of a multicentric survey in the Emilia-Romagna area from 1978 to 1984 are given. During the first week of life, 103,484 babies were examined. Anomalies were detected in 1,914 babies, 326 of which had genitourinary malformations. There were 214 cases of hypospadias with a history of exposure to progestogens for threatened abortion, intrauterine growth retardation and early maternal menarche. Ninety-one cases of urinary tract malformations were found and in 66 babies this was the only anomaly. Until 1983 antenatal ultrasound examinations detected only 25% of urinary tract anomalies. In 1984 this figure climbed to 70%.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Isolation of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria catarrhalis from the genitourinary tract and anal canal.

During a 12-month period 285 isolates of Neisseria species, other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were cultured from patients attending the Department of Venereology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. There were eight patients in whom genitourinary or rectal isolates of Neisseria meningitidis or Neisseria catarrhalis were found. Differences between data from our series and from previous reports are discussed with particular regard to sites routinely cultured in female patients. We also report in vitro inhibition of N. gonorrhoeae by an isolate of N. meningitidis cultured from the cerivx of a patient.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed2006

Pancreas islet transplantation in the genitourinary tract associated with renal transplantation: an experimental study.

Conceptually, pancreas islet transplantation (PIT) associated with renal transplantation (RT) should resolve not only chronic renal failure but also diabetes. Although the most frequently used site for PIT is the portal vein, genitourinary locations could be technically feasible during RT. Seventeen pigs (age 3 to 4 months; mean weight 34.5 kg) underwent the following experimental steps: On day 1 a left nephrectomy was performed and the kidney was perfused with cold Wisconsin solution. This was followed by a caudal pancreatectomy and islet isolation by means of digestion with intraductal collagenase. Islets were stained with Dithizone and cultured overnight al 37 degrees C and 5% CO(2). On day 2 a right nephrectomy and orthotopic RT of the preserved left kidney were performed. The islets were transplanted into four different sites: subcapsular in the kidney graft, in the bladder submucosa, in the testis by puncture, and in the testis by infusion through the vas deferens. On day 7 the animals were sacrificed. Islet viability was determined by histological examination with insulin immunostaining and determination of insulin in the blood of the veins draining the implantation sites. The mean weight of the pancreatic specimens was 27.8 g (13 to 46). The mean number of islets was 536,000 (16,600 to 1,5000,000). Islets were shown in the bladder submucosa and the testes after vas deferens infusion. The number of viable islets in the other implantation sites was very scarce. The insulin levels of the venous effluents were: 15.1 microU/mL for bladder submucosa, 10.2 microU/mL for intradeferential injection in the testis, 7.3 microU/mL for intratesticular injection by puncture, and 2.6 microU/mL for subcapsular implantation in the graft. In conclusion, the bladder submucosa and testis via the vas deferens might represent alternative sites for PIT. The latter route may benefit from the immunoprivileged and special trophic conditions of the testis. For the first time, the feasibility of the bladder submucosa as an implantation site for pancreas islets was demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Congenital malformations of the genitourinary tract in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome].

Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome is an autosomal, recessive condition. The essence of SLO is abnormal metabolism of cholesterol which is characterized by decreased level of cholesterol and increased level of 7-dihydrocholesterol in serum. The main clinical features are mental retardation and congenital malformations of various organs and systems--microcephaly, syndactyly, craniofacial anomalies, cleft palate and genitourinary system, mainly external genitalia. We analyzed the group of 12 children (2 girls and 10 boys) treated due to SLO in The Children's Memorial Health Institute since 1982 to 1997. In boys we diagnosed: penile curvature; hypospadia without hypospadias; glandular, penile and scrotal hypospadia, undescended; hydrocele testis; mild unilateral hydronephrosis and in girls we reported moderate hypertrophy of clitoral preputium and stenosis of external urethral meatus. The surgical treatment was planned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Abnormalities of the genitourinary tract in female mice lacking GATA5.

Members of the GATA family of transcription factors play important roles in cell fate specification, differentiation, and morphogenesis during mammalian development. GATA5, the only one of the six vertebrate GATA factor genes not yet inactivated in mice, is expressed in a pattern that overlaps with but is distinct from that of other GATA factor genes. During mouse embryogenesis, GATA5 is expressed first in the developing heart and subsequently in the lung, vasculature, and genitourinary system. To investigate the function of GATA5 in vivo, we created mice homozygous for a GATA5 null allele. Homozygous mutants were viable and fertile, but females exhibited pronounced genitourinary abnormalities that included vaginal and uterine defects and hypospadias. In contrast, the genitourinary system was unaffected in male GATA5 mutants. These results reveal a specific role of GATA5 in development of the female genitourinary system and suggest that other GATA factors may have functions overlapping those of GATA5 in other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of the intrauterine fetal genitourinary tract: normal anatomy and pathology.

Although ultrasonography (US) remains the most widely used diagnostic imaging modality for routine evaluation of the fetus, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an invaluable complement to US in all cases in which additional information is desirable. While the ability of US to detect fetal abnormalities is limited in cases such as maternal obesity, oligohydramnios, and in certain fetal positions, MR using fast and ultrafast pulse sequences enables high-quality fetal images to be acquired regardless of the mother's physical condition or fetal position. Fetal genitourinary disorders are the most common intrauterine abnormalities detected by US, accounting for approximately 30% of all antenatally detected anomalies. Although they usually occur in isolation, these defects can form part of more complex syndromes or chromosomopathies, and MR is indicated to rule out associated abnormalities. In some severe genitourinary disorders, there is a severe deficit of amniotic fluid; these cases are associated with other fetal anomalies such as pulmonary hypoplasia and very poor prognosis. In other cases, the amniotic fluid is not compromised, yet the further detection, localization, and characterization of prenatal disorders will have an impact on postnatal follow-up. This article reviews the role of fetal MR in urogenital tract disorders.

Female↗