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Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system. Effects on drug therapy.

Although there are many changes in the gastrointestinal tract with aging, only those in the liver substantially influence blood concentrations and clearance of drugs. The liver mass, overall function, and blood flow decrease approximately 1% per year after age 40 to 50 years, and accordingly, the hepatic metabolism or clearance of drugs decreases in this proportion. The sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract to usual concentrations of drugs is increased, and this, in part, accounts for the increased frequency of adverse drug reactions in elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The level of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of patients with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal system].

A clinical, laboratory, and immunological analysis of 253 cases with chronic gastrointestinal diseases has revealed changed levels and ratio of serum immunoglobulins of the three principal classes in 46.6% of patients. These changes have been the most marked in chronic hepatitides, the least so in chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, in peptic ulcer, and particularly in chronic gastritis. These shifts have been nonspecific but associated with clinical and laboratory signs of an active process, and may be regarded as additional criteria for an individual assessment of the process, its activity, and for planning the treatment, immunocorrecting therapy included.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Receptor for motilin identified in the human gastrointestinal system.

Motilin is a 22-amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and other species. It affects gastric motility by stimulating interdigestive antrum and duodenal contractions. A heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor for motilin was isolated from human stomach, and its amino acid sequence was found to be 52 percent identical to the human receptor for growth hormone secretagogues. The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin also interacted with the cloned motilin receptor, providing a molecular basis for its effects on the human GI tract. The motilin receptor is expressed in enteric neurons of the human duodenum and colon. Development of motilin receptor agonists and antagonists may be useful in the treatment of multiple disorders of GI motility.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2004

A dynamic artificial gastrointestinal system for studying the behavior of orally administered drug dosage forms under various physiological conditions.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential of a dynamic, multicompartmental in vitro system simulating the human stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) for studying the behavior of oral drug dosage forms under various physiological gastrointestinal conditions. METHODS: Two model drug compounds were studied in TIM-1: a lyophilized Lactobacillus strain and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The Lactobacillus survival rate was determined by bacterial counting in the gastric and ileal effluents while simulating the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of infants or adults. The availability for absorption of paracetamol from two oral dosage forms was investigated by measuring the drug concentration in jejunal dialysis fluid. The effect of gastrointestinal passage time and food intake on paracetamol absorption was also studied. RESULTS: The Lactobacillus survival rate in both gastric and ileal effluents was higher during simulation of the infant compared to adult conditions. We also showed that (i) paracetamol absorption was faster when it was administered as a free powder than in sustained-release tablet form, (ii) a slow passage time resulted in a delay in the absorption of paracetamol, and (iii) there was a lower rate of absorption when paracetamol was ingested with a standard breakfast as opposed to water. The in vitro results were consistent with in vivo data, showing the predictive value of TIM-1. CONCLUSIONS: TIM-1 is a powerful tool for supplying valuable information about the effects of various gastrointestinal conditions on biopharmaceutical behavior and efficacy of drug delivery systems in the development of oral formulations.

Acetaminophen↗