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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases among workers in a ceramics factory].

A group of doctors from the Medical Academy of Gdańsk carried out epidemiological studies, including internal diseases, in workers of the "Lubiana" china ceramics factory. The main purpose of the study was to improve prevention and health care of this occupational group. The paper presents clinical and epidemiological problems pertaining to the gastrointestinal diseases in the factory staff members. They were subject to physical and many other examinations taken at the Medical Academy mostly in the Clinic of Gastroenterology. The study revealed that gastrointestinal diseases made one third of all ailments in this group of workers. Stomach and duodenum ulcers proved to be the most common diseases among males while females suffered more from other gastrointestinal diseases. Among males the 36-50 age group and among females the 21-35 age group were mostly affected. Intensive smoking and irregular life-style contribute significantly to the increased incidence of gastrointestinal diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Food-associated gastrointestinal disease.

The ingestion of food is frequently associated with specific adverse gastrointestinal symptoms, including emesis, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and gastrointestinal bleeding. This brief review discusses a variety of food-induced gastrointestinal diseases and will highlight the recent information pertaining to the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment of these disorders. Reactions resulting from immediate hypersensitivity and cell-mediated processes will be reviewed in detail, as well as other proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms. The clinical presentation and diagnostic approach to several food-induced gastrointestinal diseases will be individually examined. In addition, the treatment, especially the proper use of nutritionally balanced restriction diets and hypoallergenic formulas, will be discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Community-based study of the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in The Netherlands.

The incidence of gastrointestinal diseases was studied in a community-based study in four regions of The Netherlands. Two grades of severity were distinguished--1: diarrhoea or vomiting and at least 2 additional symptoms within the period of 1 week, and 2: diarrhoea or vomiting and at least 2 additional symptoms occurring on the same day lasting at least 2 days within the period of 1 week. The incidence of gastrointestinal episodes was calculated to be 630 for grade 1 and 180 for grade 2 disease per 1000 person-years, after correction for age and sex. The incidence was higher for women than for men (relative risk 1.25) and lower for those in the 19-64-year-old age group when compared to those younger or older (relative risk 0.75 and 0.40, respectively). Independent of the degree of severity of the symptoms, about 20% of the patients had consulted a general practitioner, about half in person and half by telephone. It is concluded that community studies are essential to assess the real incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Treatment with elementary diet in gastrointestinal disease.

Experiences with Vivasorb in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases are reported. The author successfully treated severe cases of Crohn's disease and distal ulcerative colitis. In severe total ulcerative colitis, marked improvement with Vivasorb could be achieved in only one of three cases. The administration also proved successful in one case of agnogenic chronic diarrhea. No effect could be achieved in two patients with internal and external bowel fistulae, nor in three patients with short bowel syndrome in the immediate postoperative phase.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases in the aged].

It is a paper that surveys the multivarious diagnostic problems of gastrointestinal diseases in the aged. The particular characteristic of the acutely or chronically sick of advanced years presents itself, above all else, as a change in the organism itself, in a change of personality, and occasionally in the doctor's attitude towards his aged patients becoming different too. Relevant aspects of diagnosis in practice are of particular interest in this work.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Retinal and gastrointestinal disease due to cytomegalovirus in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: prevalence, natural history, and response to ganciclovir therapy.

Of 760 AIDS patients seen at San Francisco General Hospital in 1986, 5.7 per cent had retinitis and 2.2 per cent had gastrointestinal disease caused by cytomegalovirus. We reviewed the records of 44 patients treated with ganciclovir for culture-confirmed cytomegalovirus retinal (31 patients) or gastrointestinal disease (17 patients) or both (four patients) in 1986. Retinitis stabilized or improved during initial treatment with ganciclovir in 22 of 27 (81.5 per cent) patients. Following a median 10-day induction course, 16 patients with retinitis continued to have serial ophthalmologic assessments: eight patients were maintained on treatment and eight had maintenance treatment deferred. Before treatment, the two groups were comparable in age, Karnofsky scores, hematologic assessment, visual acuity, and history with respect to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Retinitis did not progress for a median 53.8 days in the immediate maintenance group compared to 18.8 days for the deferred maintenance group (p = 0.01). In 17 patients with CMV gastrointestinal disease, nine of 14 (64 per cent) had resolution of pain and eight of 11 (73 per cent) had resolution of diarrhea when treated initially with ganciclovir. In both retinitis and gastrointestinal disease patients, ganciclovir decreased recovery of CMV from urine and blood markedly. Ganciclovir also caused a decrease in mean absolute neutrophil counts to about half of baseline values; decreases in mean platelet count and hemoglobin were also noted but were less than 25 per cent. Neutropenia severe enough to require dose adjustment (less than 800 cells/microliters) occurred in 31 per cent of patients receiving maintenance ganciclovir.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

[Results of ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases].

A thickening of the stomach or intestinal wall as a result of neoplastic or inflammatory infiltrations can be principally recognized by sonography as a "Cocarde phenomen". The question of the accuracy of ultrasonic tomography in the recognition of infiltrative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract has been examined in a prospective study. 80 patients who were suspected of having such a disease were sonographed, using the real-time method. The diagnose were verified by an adequate comparative method, by surgery or autopsy. An infiltrative gastrointestinal disease was correctly diagnosed by sonography in 42 cases, including nine cases of gastric carcinoma and of 27 colon carcinoma. Two patients were suffering of Crohn's disease, and in the remaining four cases the final diagnoses were bulbitis, Ménétrier's disease, diverticulitis and penetrating ulcus ventriculi, respectively. In 27 cases an infiltrative gastro-intestinal disease was correctly exclused by sonography. Ultrasonic examination wrongly produced a negative diagnosis in five cases and a positive in six. Thus, the efficiency of the examination was 0,86, the sensitivity 0,89 and the specifity 0,82. Ultrasonic tomography should therefore be assigned a major place in gastrointestinal diagnostics, too. It could point the way in many cases. It is not possible, however, to exclude a disease by means of sonography.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1999

Review article: rabeprazole's profile in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.

The selection of agents to treat patients with acid-related gastrointestinal diseases requires knowledge of their efficacy, tolerability, and ease of dosing among individuals with differing disease severities and other baseline characteristics. The efficacy and favourable benefit-risk profile of rabeprazole, a new proton pump inhibitor, has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), duodenal ulcers, and gastric ulcers. In comparative trials, rabeprazole is at least as effective as omeprazole for the treatment of GERD, duodenal ulcers, and gastric ulcers, and it is superior to histamine2-receptor antagonists for the treatment of GERD and duodenal ulcers. Its once-daily dosing regimen and low potential for interaction with drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system make it a particularly attractive option for the treatment of acid-related diseases among older individuals. Rabeprazole is likely to be a valuable new addition to its class in treating patients with acid-related gastrointestinal diseases given its efficacy in acid suppression, high healing rates, rapid symptom relief, and convenient dosing.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1989

Effect of information leaflets on knowledge in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.

Twelve patient information leaflets concerning common gastrointestinal diseases were produced by the British Digestive Foundation and evaluated to determine whether patients knew more about their disease if they received a leaflet. Eleven hundred and fifty patients attending gastroenterology clinics in the United Kingdom were assessed by postal questionnaire of whom half had received a leaflet relevant to their diagnosis six weeks before assessment. Seven hundred and fifty one replied (398 leafleted, 353 non-leafleted). Most patients found the leaflets helpful and easy to understand; few found them worrying. They were regarded as a better source of information than doctors, particularly for information about the characteristics of the illness and side effects of treatment. In all diagnostic groups assessed the patients' knowledge of their disease was significantly greater if they had received a leaflet than if they had not. Individual responses by patients without leaflets showed that fundamental misconceptions persisted about digestive diseases. The British Digestive Foundation leaflets are an effective means of imparting disease related information to patients.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Energy and protein metabolism in malnutrition due to nonneoplastic gastrointestinal diseases.

Although a reduction in both energy expenditure and protein turnover has been demonstrated in starved volunteers, few metabolic data are available for patients in whom malnutrition is due to nonneoplastic gastrointestinal diseases. Chronically malnourished, unstressed adult patients with nonneoplastic gastrointestinal diseases (body mass index, 15.8 +/- 2.5 kg/m2, n = 13) and healthy control subjects (n = 10) were studied in the postabsorptive state using indirect calorimetry, as well as substrate fluxes of L[1-13C]leucine, L-[2-15N]glutamine (seven patients and six controls), and D[6,6-2H2]glucose (seven patients and eight controls). Resting energy expenditure (REE) expressed in kilocalories per 24 hours was significantly lower in patients than in controls; REE expressed per unit of fat-free mass (FFM) was not significantly different in both groups. Whole-body leucine turnover, oxidation, and nonoxidative disposal rates, based on either 13C-leucine or 13C-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) enrichments, and glucose turnover rate were not significantly different between malnourished patients and controls. Moreover, glutamine turnover was increased by 28% in malnourished patients as compared with normal volunteers (429.8 +/- 86.8 v 334.9 +/- 15.9 mumol/kg/h, P = .02). These results suggest that hypometabolic adaptation, although previously documented in starved volunteers, is not operative during states of chronic malnutrition due to gastrointestinal disease. The increase in glutamine turnover rate might represent an adaptative mechanism to malnutrition for preservation of visceral mass or function.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1997

[Measurement of fecal lactoferrin for diagnosis on pediatric gastrointestinal disease].

The fecal proteins in blood and granules related with inflammation have been measured to examine the conditions of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To noninvasively examine the conditions in pediatric patients with various gastrointestinal diseases, we evaluated the usefulness of measuring the concentration of fecal lactoferrin (Lf), which is the specific granule component in neutrophils. Lf was measured by ELISA in patients with infectious enteritis (E), Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP), and ulcerative colitis (UC), and in control subjects. The fecal Lf levels were significantly higher in patients with E, HSP, and UC than in control subjects. The fecal Lf levels were significantly increased in not only patients with bacterial but also those with viral gastroenteritis. These findings suggest that the measurement of fecal Lf concentration is useful for noninvasive monitoring of the disease activity in pediatric patients with gastrointestinal disease and the activities of neutrophils elevate in patients with viral infectious enteritis.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Diet and gastrointestinal disease.

Diet therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease has become better defined. Because maldigestion or malabsorption frequently occurs, malnutrition is a common complication. Careful assessment of nutritional status by the health care providers is mandatory. Diet therapy, by eliminating offending foods such as lactose or gluten or by addition of specialized enteral formulas containing MCT, or elemental diets can be instituted with marked relief in symptoms. The role of dietary fiber is now better defined in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Further refinement and rational uses of diet therapy can be expected in future years.

Diet↗
PubMed1983

Consumption of hospital resources for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in a community.

The consumption of hospital resources for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in six counties in Norway (population 1.07 million) has been estimated based on hospital admission data. The number of discharges for men (1345/100 000 inhabitants) is about 30% higher than for female patients (1021/100 000 inhabitants) whereas the number of bed-days is only 8% higher, reflecting a difference in length of stay of about 2 days. The proportion of digestive diseases compared with the total somatic care varies between 8.8--10.3% depending upon the method of estimation. The consumption of resources is both age and sex dependent with an almost exponential age-dependence for patients older than 14, and with a male dominance for all age groups except for patients between 15 and 24 years of age. The proportion of digestive diseases compared with the total somatic care shows also sex- and age-group variations with high proportion (i e high consumption) for men in productive ages, whereas women in the same age groups have a considerably lower consumption. A marked increase in hospitalization time is found for older patients. Relatively low mortality rates are found for gastrointestinal diseases. Regional differences in consumption are revealed with differences in discharge rates of up to 50%, in bed-days up to 70% and with differences up to 20% for length of stay.

Adolescent↗