Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Forehead”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Moustache reconstruction using an extended midline forehead flap.

A new method for reconstruction of the upper lip and moustache is presented. An extended midline forehead flap is described, which is a modification of the classical midline forehead flap in which the flap is extended into the hair-bearing scalp. Simultaneously, a nasal alar defect was reconstructed using the non-hair-bearing forehead skin in a patient with cancrum oris. The flap is reliable, technically easy to raise, does not require any special expertise and causes minimal donor site deformity. However, it is a multistage procedure and hence causes prolonged morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Rejuvenation of the aging forehead and brow.

Rejuvenation of the aging upper face can transform tired and angry features into youthful-appearing ones. This article presents the principles for analyzing and treating the aging forehead and brow. The esthetic dimensions and proportions of the brow and forehead are discussed, in context with the corresponding surgical anatomy. The goals of facial rejuvenation surgery as it relates to the upper third of the face are addressed. Various approaches, including their advantages and disadvantages, are presented. The appropriate approach is selected to eliminate unsightly features that are in need of correction while minimizing hairline shifts and forehead scarring and anesthesia. Following the principles and techniques illustrated in this article, the facial plastic surgeon may confidently treat the signs and complaints of the aging upper face.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Management of the aging forehead: a review.

Aging in the upper third of the face manifests as rhytids and ptosis of the frontal, glabellar, and brow regions. Frown lines may occur even in younger individuals as a result of habitual or dynamic forehead muscular hyperactivity. Multiple treatment options have been advocated to address forehead rhytids and brow ptosis. This article reviews 3 of the more commonly used treatment options: collagen, botulinum toxin, and surgical forehead lifting. Additionally, an algorithm is proposed as a guideline for selecting the most appropriate option for a given condition.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed2002

Maps of optical differential pathlength factor of human adult forehead, somatosensory motor and occipital regions at multi-wavelengths in NIR.

The optical differential pathlength factor (DPF) is an important parameter for physiological measurement using near infrared spectroscopy, but for the human adult head it has been available only for the forehead. Here we report measured DPF results for the forehead, somatosensory motor and occipital regions from measurements on 11 adult volunteers using a time-resolved optical imaging system. The optode separation was about 30 mm and the wavelengths used were 759 nm, 799 nm and 834 nm. Measured DPFs were 7.25 for the central forehead and 6.25 for the temple region at 799 nm. For the central somatosensory and occipital areas (10 mm above the inion), DPFs at 799 nm are 7.5 and 8.75, respectively. Less than 10% decreases of DPF for all these regions were observed when the wavelength increased from 759 nm to 834 nm. To compare these DPF maps with the anatomical structure of the head, a Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to calculate DPF for these regions by using a two-layered semi-infinite model and assuming the thickness of the upper layer to be the sum of the thicknesses of scalp and skull, which was measured from MRI images of a subject's head. The DPF data will be useful for quantitative monitoring of the haemodynamic changes occurring in adult heads.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

The subcutaneous forehead lift with an anterior hairline incision.

This review of patients after forehead rhytidectomy represents the longest published postoperative follow-up to date. Fifty patients who had undergone subcutaneous forehead rhytidectomy through an anterior hairline incision were assessed by chart review, detailed questionnaire, and physical examination. The mean follow-up was 7.5 years with a range of 1 to 17 years. Benefits of the technique described include maintenance of forehead size, a mechanically efficient lift, a direct attack on wrinkles, and a low incidence of hair loss. Patient assessment indicates that the benefits of the procedure are long lasting. The disadvantages include the added precision required in executing the incision, closure, and time-consuming dissection.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Expanded midline forehead flap for coverage of nonnasal facial defects.

A 13-month-old infant with a giant hairy nevus of the superior portion of the right cheek, which measured 3.5 x 5.5 cm, was treated by excision and coverage using expanded midline forehead flap. This approach stands in contrast both to the standard technique of excision and full-thickness grafting for large facial defects as well as to the use of the midline forehead flap for nonnasal reconstruction. Although this approach did necessitate the placement of a midline forehead scar, the overall result was sufficiently superior to justify its use. The child has good, stable, soft coverage with no contour or landmark distortion. The child is presented in an 18-month follow-up with photographic documentation.

Cheek↗
PubMed1993

The expanded forehead flap for nasal reconstruction.

A 3-year experience using forehead tissue expansion for nasal reconstruction is presented. The series includes 7 expansions in 6 patients with different degrees of nasal loss due to either cancer, trauma, or avascular necrosis. Balloon tissue expansion minimizes the well-known limitations and drawbacks found in using forehead flaps for nasal reconstruction. Technique, timing, and sequencing of procedures are discussed and compared with those of other authors. The complications of tissue expansion are few, but obtaining a satisfactory nasal reconstruction requires multiple operations over a period of time. A learning curve is necessary due to inadequate previous experience and new developments in tissue expanders. The results obtained were possible due to the excellent tissue provided by forehead expansion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Free flaps in the treatment of locally advanced malignancy of the scalp and forehead.

Locally advanced cutaneous malignancy of the scalp and forehead is a disease that requires an aggressive approach to resection and reconstruction. Free flap reconstruction in these sites has been advocated because of the advantages of importing large amounts of well-vascularized tissue into a recipient site, which has often been compromised by previous surgery or radiotherapy. A consecutive series of 32 free flap reconstructions in 29 patients with cutaneous malignancy of the scalp and forehead was reviewed. The flap failure rate was 6% (two flaps) and the major complication rate was 10%. Of the surviving flaps, 97% (N = 29) were successful in reconstructing a challenging group of defects. Three patients developed local recurrence of the primary malignancy (mean follow-up, 21 months). The use of a broad repertoire of free tissue transfers in reconstruction of the scalp and forehead defects has allowed effective treatment of locally advanced malignancy of this region. Critical analysis of the results, however, indicates that microsurgical reconstruction is not without morbidity and that there are refinements in the diagnostic and operative steps of management that can maximize the functional and aesthetic results.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Four parallel flaps for correction of a wide forehead defect.

A simple method for closure of a defect in the forehead area by four parallel flaps along the forehead wrinkle lines is illustrated. The main advantage of this method lies in its simple design, which enables the surgeon to close large defects with no elevation of the eyebrow, while preserving the hairline, and most of the suture lines are parallel to the forehead wrinkle lines.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Advancement flaps for large defects of the eyebrow, glabella, forehead, and temple.

PURPOSE: To describe a system for reconstruction of large defects of the eyebrow, glabella, forehead, and temple. The system maximizes the use of direct approximation and advancement flaps before resorting to less aesthetic techniques. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study drawn from approximately 70 patients with post-Mohs defects of the eyebrow, glabella, forehead, and temple. Surgical intervention involved the graded application of direct approximation, horizontally oriented advancement flaps, rotational flaps, and free skin grafts. The selection of individual and combined techniques was based on defect area and depth, elasticity of adjacent tissues, and relations of the defect to the neighboring eyebrows and hairlines. RESULTS: Reconstructive techniques applied to defects of the eyebrow, glabella, forehead, and temple can be arranged in an incremental scale that provides progressively more tissue but at an escalating aesthetic cost. The usual defect size limits for direct approximation and advancement flaps can be expanded. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid the limitations of large rotational flaps and skin grafts in this region, maximal use of direct approximation and advancement flaps is recommended.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1997

Contemporary management of the aging brow and forehead.

Management of the aging brow and forehead has recently evolved based on available innovative technologies. Likewise, procedure-specific indications have changed based on collective surgical experiences. No longer is the approach based solely on hair pattern or degree of brow ptosis. Patients require varying combinations of brow elevation (prior to blepharoplasty), correction of brow asymmetries, and hairline-preserving forehead elevation. Some may only require excisional or paralytic procedures of the frontalis muscle (horizontal forehead creases), corrugator supercilii muscles (vertical glabellar furrows), and procerus muscle (horizontal glabellar furrows). We present a 3-year experience using a problem-specific approach. This incorporates endoscopic technology, botulinum toxin type A purified neurotoxin complex (Botox, Allergan, Irvine, CA) intramuscular injection, and traditional procedures such as the coronal, pretrichial, midforehead, and direct browlift. Current indications, patient selection, and results are also discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

The forehead lift.

Clients desiring to decrease a tired, worried appearance may be candidates for a forehead lift. Often, clients inquire about a facelift or blepharoplasty when a forehead lift would be the procedure most likely to produce the results that the client desires. Providers caring for clients undergoing a forehead lift must use a holistic approach and assess all aspects of the client to ensure a positive health care experience.

Forehead↗
PubMed1990

Island scalp flap for superior forehead reconstruction.

An island scalp fasciocutaneous flap, based on the posterior superficial temporal vessels, is described for single-stage reconstruction of full-thickness forehead and scalp defects. The hairline can be precisely determined and tailored to restore symmetry. By removing the hair-bearing dermis of the forehead portion of the flap and placing a full-thickness skin graft, aesthetic reconstitution of the forehead skin is achieved. This flap is especially useful when exposed calvarium limits other techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Refinements in endoscopic forehead rejuvenation.

Endoscopic forehead technique provides an effective method for rejuvenation of the upper face. Distinct advantages of this technique over classic methods of forehead rejuvenation such as coronal or subcutaneous approaches include significant reduction of incisional scars. Described here are three refinements related to (1) control of hair, (2) differential release of the periosteum, and (3) advanced fixation methods. Control of hair can be achieved simply by braiding and the use of an Endoscopic Access Device. Extensive release of the periosteum and arcus marginalis is recommended laterally, while elevating the medial periosteum either intact or with conservative release. Different and technologically more advanced fixation methods are described to provide better control of elevated forehead. Incorporation of these refinements strives to optimize aesthetic results while minimizing operative morbidity. These refinements have been implemented during the care of 29 patients and have proven to be of major value in achieving greater patient satisfaction and technical advancement.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1997

Why I prefer the endoscopic forehead lift.

The objectives of the forehead lift and the surgical principles of the open versus the endoscopic methods have been outlined. The advantages and disadvantages of each method have been described. Based on this, I state without any reservations my preference for the endoscopic forehead lift because the advantages significantly outweigh the disadvantages. Based on these and on the enthusiasm of surgeons and the high degree of patient satisfaction and acceptability, I predict that the endoscopic method with its many variations will replace the traditional open approach as a first alternative for forehead lift and upper face rejuvenation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Use of endoscopic surgery for forehead recontouring.

Forehead recontouring in endoscopic surgery is presented. Eleven cases of protruded forehead deformity caused by benign tumor and one case of concave deformity caused by depressed frontal bone fracture were treated. All lesions were approached through incisions made in the hair-bearing area and operated on endoscopically. This method left no scars on the forehead, and the results were satisfactory. It is considered to be an excellent procedure with regard to cosmetic results.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1997

Evolving fixation methods in endoscopically assisted forehead rejuvenation: controversies and rationale.

The goals of surgical rejuvenation of the forehead include component brow manipulation, attenuation of transverse forehead rhytids, and reduction of glabellar frown lines. The endoscopic approach has proved successful in achieving these goals in selective patients while minimizing incisions and improving scalp sensation. Efficacy of endoscopic brow manipulation is dependent on (1) complete release of the brow at the supraorbital rim, (2) brow depressor muscle resection/release, and (3) tension-free fixation of the brow position until wound healing has occurred. Fixation of the brow using an endoscopic technique, unlike the open technique, is dependent on skin retraction and tension-free scalp fixation during the process of wound healing to maintain the desired brow position. Techniques for endoscopic fixation are arbitrarily divided into endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous methods include extensive galea-frontalis-occipitalis release, lateral spanning suspension sutures, external bolster fixation, anterior port skin excision, galea-frontalis advancement, cortical tunnels, and tissue adhesives. Exogenous techniques include internal screw or plate fixation, Mitek anchor fixation, external screw fixation, and absorbable K-wires. This article provides a goal-oriented review of these evolving techniques and a rationale for the use of fixation methods in endoscopically assisted forehead rejuvenation.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1998

In pursuit of optimal rejuvenation of the forehead: endoscopic brow lift with simultaneous carbon dioxide laser resurfacing.

Coronal foreheadplasty has long been the traditional method of improving the aesthetic appearance of the forehead, permitting not only repositioning of ptotic tissues but also direct access for modification of the "frown" muscles. However, it was only moderately successful in eliminating vertical corrugator lines or deeply etched transverse wrinkles. The recent advent of the endoscopic brow lift has permitted us to minimize the dysesthesias associated with the coronal approach by making the incisions shorter and radially oriented and by being more precise in the muscle resection. Nonetheless, endoscopic brow lift gives no further improvement in persistent deep vertical and transverse wrinkles. Carbon dioxide laser resurfacing can improve the existing wrinkles but does not eliminate the muscular cause of forehead wrinkles. It seemed reasonable that combining these techniques might yield better results than either procedure alone. To evaluate this possibility, 30 patients with simultaneous endoscopic brow lift and carbon dioxide resurfacing were compared with 24 patients having laser resurfacing only and with 26 patients who had traditional coronal foreheadplasty. Both foreheadplasty groups had corrugator resection. All patients were evaluated at least 4 to 6 months postoperatively. Ratings were based on the percent of wrinkles removed, both vertical and transverse. The ratings were performed with predetermined criteria by a surgeon not involved with the operative procedures nor after care. A rating of "excellent" (> or = 95 percent reduction in wrinkles) was obtained in 50 percent of coronal foreheadplasties; 41.7 percent of carbon dioxide resurfacing alone and 80 percent of endobrow lifts with carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. There was no vascular compromise from this latter combination of procedures, no hypertrophic scars, and no impairment of healing. We conclude that endoscopic brow lift with carbon dioxide laser resurfacing is a safe and perhaps more effective means of aesthetic rejuvenation of the forehead.

Adult↗