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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

Maintenance and use of cumulative haematology files on a laboratory computer.

A system is described for the maintenance of cumulative haematology records for selected patients using a laboratory minicomputer with limited storage capacity. Records are indexed by the patient's name and location since, as in the majority of hospital laboratories, there is no unique numbering scheme which covers all patients. The computer system imitates the procedures of manual filing, listing uncertain record matches for human decision. Applications include the production of a regularly updated printing of of cumulative files, the preparation of graphs from cumulative blood count records, and the provision of a summary and follow-up service for general practitioners.

Computers

Data-base management system on a CT scanner computer: application to teaching file and procedure records.

A prototype relational data-base management system was installed on computed tomographic (CT) scanner computers at two hospitals. This was used to create computerized indices for a teaching file and a record of CT procedures. Several problems commonly encountered when maintaining and using a radiologic teaching file were solved. Interesting cases were easily retrieved for teaching, conferences, or publication because the system permits rapid search on the basis of patient name, identification number, date, diagnosis, special description, or a combination of these data. The procedure record index contains these data as well as administrative and technical data on all CT examinations. These data are entered into the data base semiautomatically. The result is an extensive set of records that is easily accessible and requires a minimum of manpower to maintain.

Computers

A standard file format for data from DNA sequencing instruments.

There are now a number of machines for determining DNA sequences. These devices are currently of two types: those such as the Applied Biosystems 373A and the Pharmacia A.L.F. which interpret the sequences of samples as they run on gels within the machine, and those, such as the Bio-Rad and Amersham readers that scan and analyse conventional autoradiographs. Both types of machine can produce their data in the form of traces which represent the band intensity of each of the four base types at each position in the sequence. At present all the machines write files in different formats. We describe a machine independent format for storing data derived from automatic sequencing machines. Files in this format can store the derived sequence, the traces and a set of confidence measures for each base. We have adopted the format as the standard for our sequence handling software.

Databases, Factual

Automatic and manual indexing performance in a small file of medical literature.

A test of the performance of an automatic indexing procedure based on the processing of the full text of medical journal articles shows results comparable to those achieved using Excerpta Medica and MEDLARS manual indexing. A file of nineteen documents was partitioned by sixteen questions, for each of which two search strategies in each indexing language were formulated. The results were compared to ideal answers chosen by a fourth-year medical student who read the entire file and posed the questions.

Abstracting and Indexing

[Scanning electron microscope study of chemically disinfected endodontic files].

Forty stainless steel endodontic files were observed at scanning electron microscopy after being subjected to ten disinfection cycles of 10 minutes each one, immersed in different chemical disinfectants. Corrosion was not observed on the surface of the files in circumstances that this study was made.

Corrosion

[S.E.M. study of surface condition of ultrasonic K files].

The present study was not about the interest of the association of ultrasonic instrumentation with irrigation in the root canal therapy, but about the wear of the K files themselves. The results showed with the assistance of the sono-synergistic system, files are almost as clean as the sterile are. This is important for the prevention of possible contamination.

Dental Cavity Preparation

[Magneto-optical disk filing system for oral diagnostic reports and their synchronized images].

The rewritable and compact media of magneto-optical disk (MOD) is firstly applied to store medical images with spoken reporting. The MOD has multi-media function of communication and filing. Our system is optimized in terms of recording length of speech based upon our clinical research. The results will have influences over the future PACS. One of their examples is possibility of multimedia PACS with images, speeches and demographic data. Another example is prevention of dispersion of images which have no interpretations by radiologists. Our next step is to recognize filed speech in background processing for printing reports.

Optical Storage Devices

Endodontic file design and dynamics in automated root canal preparation. Concepts, materials and methods.

Many treatment failures in endodontics are caused by problems that occurred during canal preparation. This article reviews principles of endodontic instrument design and analyzes the design as it relates to an automated handpiece. After a review of the problems of automation, there will be an introduction of a new automated handpiece and a new modified file known as the Anticurvature File.

Equipment Design

[Effects of paraformaldehyde steam sterilization on K-files].

Success of endodontic therapy depends upon both operator's skill and quality of the employed instruments. K-files have been examined for they probably are the most commonly used endodontic instruments. It is particularly important to take into consideration, together with the original quality of the instruments, its possible changes due to the wear from sterilization. In this paper have been therefore evaluated the characteristics of brand-new K-files from three different manufacturers together with the wear of the same instruments after paraformaldehyde steam sterilization.

Corrosion

[A new computerized system for electroencephalography at the Kochi Medical School Hospital: the present status and problems of electroencephalogram data filing systems].

The usual electroencephalography (EEG) recording consumes great amounts of paper, considerable storage space for records and much time and energy for their search and retrieval. In addition, we can not perform digitized analyses of the records with the present method. To solve these problems, our laboratory developed a new computerized system for EEG, in which data are retained in optic disks, and which has been in service for routine examination since December, 1988. The functions of the system and EEG filing system, include the collection, retention, retrieval, transmission and analyses of data with the reproduction of the original EEG and editing function of summary reports to be filed in the medical records. The summary report consists of summary, characteristic wave patterns picked up and edited from EEG, and spectral array and topographical mapping by digitized analyses of EEG. The condition for the collection of EEG data was 200 Hz/8 bit, and the reproduced wave patterns were accepted by all clinicians. The merits of the system include; (i) saving of paper, space and time needed for EEG, (ii) enabling the comparison of the wave patterns in the form of summary reports and (iii) the capability of digitized analyses of EEG by retaining the EEG data in the data base. The problems remaining to be improved for the system are the longer time required for examination (5-10 min) and the higher running cost (yen 460/order). Regarding the latter problem, a revised method which dispenses with recording paper is under consideration. That is, in the case of screening examinations, summary reports for medical records alone would be delivered to clinicians. This idea has been accepted by some clinicians. To realize the revised system, we presently are planning to establish a method to display EEG on CRT.

Data Collection

Computers help keep patient files confidential.

File folders stuffed with papers documenting a patient's hospital stay can be an administrative nightmare. Such medical records are easily misplaced and might already be checked out when they need to be reviewed. In addition, because so many eyes glance at such files, confidentiality is a problem. That's why some hospitals are purchasing information systems for their medical records departments.

Confidentiality

Analysis of models of single-file diffusion.

Theoretical models of single-file transport in a homogeneous channel are considered. Three levels of channel populations were specified for which different approximations could be used. The results of these approximations are in good agreement with the results of a computer experiment (Aityan and Portnov 1986). At low populations, the pair correlation functions were negligibly small and allowed the use of linear approximation for unidirectional fluxes and populations. The value of the pair correlation function and the respective approximation for fluxes was obtained by the two-particles random-walk technique. At extremely high populations, the "divider" technique was proposed to describe the single-file transport. The divider technique allowed to explain the exponential shape of the pair correlation function FABn, n + 1 profile at extremely high populations. At medium populations the finite difference superposition approximation was valid.

Computer Simulation

[The surface of various files of quadrangular, triangular and rhomboidal section using scanning electron microscopy].

Using a scanning electron microscope, 45 new files were examined, taken at random, of 5 different brands, of 3 different calibres and with rectangular, triangular and rhomboidal sections. Various defects were observed in the surface of all of them, such as adhered metallic fragments, burrs, deformed teeth, pores and ridges. These defects were more evident on the smaller diameter files of those studied and on those of triangular or rhomboidal section.

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

A computerised experimental file.

A commercially available program which integrates word processing, spreadsheet, data base, and graph facilities, is used on a microcomputer to write a proforma for an experimental file. The proforma file contains empty forms for all envisaged documentation collected during the experiment's duration. This includes an outline protocol, cost estimate, literature search, detailed protocol, data collection forms, project account, and final report. The program allows linking of spreadsheets, thus for instance enabling date and time information entered on the daily log of events to be automatically transferred to the labour cost form. Introduction of this concept has greatly reduced the amount of time spent on research documentation and the risk of data adulteration through repeated transcription. It has also improved control over research expenses and standardization of trial document formats.

Computers

Health care machine-readable data files: secondary analysis, access, and the role of the library.

Access to health care machine-readable data files (MRDF) is becoming increasingly important to students and researchers in the health care field who use the data in secondary analysis. Health sciences libraries must play a role in providing such access, and this role should consist primarily in providing users with information about the identity and contents of available MRDF and about how they may be obtained. Libraries should therefore collect extensive materials containing information about the MRDF that may be of interest to their users. Many such materials are available in print, and their quality may be expected to improve as newly developed methods and procedures for constructing bibliographic citations, abstracts, and catalog entries for MRDF are put into practice. Also, it is now feasible to incorporate data file abstracts into existing online bibliographic databases.

Health Services Research

[The medico-legal risk in obstetrics. What has been learned from studying 340 files on accidents (author's transl)].

The authors, from perusal of 340 files where accidents in obstetrics were reported, have classified the medico-legal risks in pregnancy, wether the accidents gave rise or did not give rise to claims for responsibility. These accidents occurred between 1950 and 1978 and they happened during and after delivery. The classification shows up the most dangerous situations for the specialist and points out the factors that increase this risk so that systematically a preventive attitude can be taken to avoid claims, whether they are made under criminal or civil procedures. Particularly detailed have been statistical risks which are increasing continuously in association with instrumental deliveries and with the large indicence of Caesarean operation. After they have listed all the clinical forms of medico-legal risk picked out by counsel so that they can be avoided or their effects reduced, the authors have attempted to define the responsibility that the gynaecologist-obstetrician takes at present in the midst of his team that is always increasing in number. Among these are paediatricians, anaesthetists and resuscitators, midwives, nurses who give anaesthetics and all the para-medical team who have specialised responsibility which depends more or less on the needs of the gynaecologist-obstetrician. The medico-legal risks which are linked with a deficiency in premises, numbers of personnel and quality and quantity of equipment have been singled out with a relatively small balance of the characteristics of those who carried out the procedures recorded in a large series of files which are already old and which for the most part have been docketed so that they could be used without revealing any professional secrets nor legal secrets.

Cesarean Section