Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FOOT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Analysis of toe pressures under the foot while dynamic standing on one foot in healthy subjects.

Dynamic balance is a crucial element in performing many activities of daily living. The one-leg stance test is a valuable test for balance impairment. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationships between body sway and toe pressure for dynamic balance test of one-leg standing on a perturbation platform. The subjects were 15 volunteers (six males and nine females, age = 21.1 +/- 1.8 years). The instrument used for evaluation of balance was the Balance System, whose software provides information on the subject's stance balance through calculation of two main variables: 1) body sway parameters (cm) and 2) peak pressure (percent of body weight/cm2) under the toes. The Balance System includes actuators which move the foot platform back and forth (+/- 40 mm perturbation at 0.25 Hz) at an average velocity of 20 mm/sec. The subjects were asked to balance on each leg for 20 seconds. The trials were repeated on the opposite foot after 5 minutes of rest. The dynamic postural control induced by low frequency perturbation in the anterior/posterior direction used the ankle strategy. Body sway was more significantly correlated with the peak anterior/posterior sway component than with lateral sway (p < 0.01). The peak pressure value of the great toe was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than the sum of the peak values of the other four toes for both sides. The study indicates the importance of the strength of the toes and somatosensory information from the sole and ankle during the dynamic one-foot standing balance as goals in rehabilitation for poor balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A new model of plastic ankle foot orthosis (FAFO (II)) against spastic foot and genu recurvatum.

A plastic ankle foot orthosis (AFO) was developed, referred to as functional ankle foot orthosis Type 2 (FAFO (II)), which can deal with genu recurvatum and the severe spastic foot in walking. Clinical trials were successful for all varus and drop feet, and for most cases of genu recurvatum. Electromyogram studies showed that the FAFO (II) reduced the spasticity of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles and activated the quadricep muscles. Gait analysis revealed a reduction of the knee angles in the stance phase on the affected side when using the FAFO (II). Mechanical stress tests showed excellent durability of the orthosis and demonstrated its effectiveness for controlling spasticity in comparison with other types of plastic AFOs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Congenital cleft foot deformity (split foot or lobster claw).

A case of congenital cleft foot deformity, also known as lobster claw or split foot, is presented. The condition is rare. A review of the literature reveals that this deformity will often coexist as part of a constellation of congenital and familial abnormalities. Surgical correction of the cleft foot is difficult and often deferred.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Educational activities for the prevention of diabetic foot: foot complications at the Center for Diabetes of Rovigo].

Diabetic patients with neuropathic or vascular foot ulcers are described and stratified according to their background risk profiles, as these relate to socioeconomic, behavioural and clinical variables. Of the 464 patients admitted to the foot clinic between January 2000 and December 2001 only 39% had been involved in educational activities for diabetic foot prevention. Seventy-five percent of the patients experienced neurologic problems; 76% socioeconomic risk factors, also related to the economical situation (unsuitable shoes, no sessions with the pedicure). Among the 112 patients with ulcers relapses, in spite of the participation to educational interventions, unsuitable shoes were the most frequently reported precipitating factor. Larger samples and prospective multicentre studies are required to assess the possible yield of educational interventions aiming at controlling the care burden and at avoiding the risk of major amputations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The "Large Foot" association. The size of the foot, height and age at menarche].

A slight negative correlation (r = -0.198) was found between age at menarche and size of shoe in 106 women from a Norwegian organization for persons using shoe sizes larger than 41. The correlation between stature and size of shoe was smaller (r = 0.086). These findings are discussed with respect to normal growth of the foot and body stature. Since pubertal growth of the foot occurs before the pubertal growth spurt, it is unlikely that oestrogen treatment for tall stature will affect foot length to any degree. The authors also discuss psychological and physical problems related to large feet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Improved survival of the diabetic foot: the role of a specialized foot clinic.

A specialized foot clinic for diabetic patients has made a detailed analysis of the presentation of diabetic foot ulcers and from this a new, organised approach to treatment has been derived. Over three years it has achieved a high rate of ulcer healing and reduced the number of major amputations. It has brought together the skills of chiropodist, shoe-fitter, nurse, physician and surgeon to manage the distinctive lesions of the neuropathic and ischaemic diabetic foot. The neuropathic ulcer was invariably associated with callus, whereas the ischaemic ulcer presented as areas of necrosis often from localised pressure of tight shoes. Essential aspects of management are specially constructed shoes, intensive chiropody and precise antibiotic treatment. Healing was achieved in 204 out of 238 (86 per cent) neuropathic ulcers and 107 out of 148 (72 per cent) ischaemic ulcers. Relapse rate in special shoes was 26 per cent compared with 83 per cent who preferred to wear their own shoes. In the two years before the establishment of the clinic, there were 11 and 12 major amputations yearly. This rate has now been reduced to seven, seven and five amputations yearly.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

A new shoe for drop foot with automatic raising of the fore-foot.

A new orthopaedic shoe has been designed for foot drop. It automatically raises the anterior part of the foot as the step is completed. This effect is obtained by the application to the sole of a strip of metal joined to a spring concealed in the heel of the shoe, which keeps the anterior part of the shoe in dorsiflexion. When the patient rests his foot on the ground, the shoe aligns itself with the ground. When the patient lifts his leg in walking, the recoil of the spring raises the anterior part of the shoe.

Foot Diseases↗
PubMed1996

Use of bivalved ankle-foot orthosis in neuropathic foot and ankle lesions.

The neuropathic foot is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is associated with development of chronic ulcers and Charcot joints. Treatment of these complications presents a complex management task. This report presents long-term follow-up data on 16 patients with neuropathic changes who were treated with a total contact, laminated, bivalved, rocker-bottom-soled ankle-foot orthosis (TCAFO). Of the 16 patients, 6 were treated for Charcot changes only, 10 were treated for ulcers, and 2 of the 10 had ulcers bilaterally. Eight of the 12 ulcers (67%) healed in an average of 10 months (range 1-24 mo), 1 patient required amputation, and 2 patients who had complete healing, 5 have resumed wearing TCAFOs secondary to recurrent ulcers. Three of the 5 patients with Charcot changes no longer use the orthosis and have had negative bone scans after an average of 20.7 months (range 12-28 mo). In this retrospective uncontrolled study, the TCAFO proved to be a safe, functional, and cost-effective therapy for complications of the neuropathic foot.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Replantation of an avulsive amputation of a foot after recovering the foot from the sea.

A foot avulsion case, with the dismembered body part submerged in sea water for 1 hour, is presented. This report is unique in that it is the first to document the reattachment of a body part that had been submerged in sea water. It was not known how salt-water exposure would affect wound management. Differences in osmolarity and bacterial flora between the sea water and foot tissues have not caused any problems, and the patient has not suffered any vascular or infectious complications after replantation. Neurotization of the plantar surface by the tibial nerve, which was stripped off during amputation and replaced in its original traces, was the most critical part of convalescence. After management of such an interesting case, we conclude that exposure to sea water of the dismembered part should not be a contraindication for replantation surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Contribution of the specialist in foot surgery to the treatment of the diabetic foot].

Prophylaxis plays an important role in the treatment of the diabetic foot. To prevent perforating plantar ulcers, static disorders should be treated by the use of an orthopaedic sole for improved weight distribution and prevention of hyperkeratosis. Minimal preventive surgery should be employed in cases with anterior foot deformities, to avoid complications from ill-fitting shoes. Therapy for the lesions themselves : bursitis, toe infections, necrosis, perforating plantar ulcers, includes general treatment of the diabetes, antibiotic therapy, vascular agents, bed rest with active mobilization, and appropriate local measures that are often prolonged and require great perseverance. Follow-up surveillance after healing is necessary to avoid recurrences.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of two foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysers to assess body composition in overweight and obese adolescents.

The objective of the present study was to determine the accuracy of two foot-to-foot (FF) bioelectrical impedance analysers (BIA) to assess body composition in overweight and obese adolescents, compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and hand-to-foot (HF) BIA. Body composition was assessed in fifty-three overweight or obese adolescents (BMI 27.9 (SD 4.1) kg/m2; aged 13-16 years) by DXA (Hologic QDR-4500; Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) and BIA (HF (BIA 101, RJL System, Detroit, IL, USA) and FF (Body Fat Monitor Scale BF-625, Tanita Corporation of America Inc., Arlington Heights, IL, USA; Téfal Bodymaster Vision, Téfal, Rumilly, France)). Bland-Altman tests showed that, compared with DXA, FF-Tanita and FF-Téfal underestimated (P<0.05) fat mass (FM) less than HF-BIA (-1.7 (SD 3.1), -0.7 (SD 5.8) and -2.3 (SD 2.2) kg respectively, P<0.001). However, the limits of agreement between DXA and FF-Tanita or FF-Téfal were much greater than those obtained with HF-BIA (-7.7 and +4.3, - 12.0 and +10.6 v. -2.1 and +6.7 kg respectively). The differences between FM assessed using the FF-Tanita or the FF-Téfal analyser and DXA increased with the waist:hip ratio, and were higher in boys than in girls. The major limiting factor of FF-BIA was the inter-individual variability in FM estimates. In conclusion, FF-BIA and DXA are not interchangeable methods. FF-BIA could be acceptable to assess body composition in large groups of overweight or obese adolescents, but cannot be recommended for body composition assessment in obese subjects because of the large errors in individual estimates.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1991

Finger reconstruction with triple toe transfer from the same foot for a patient with a special job and previous foot trauma.

After the loss of four fingers at the metacarpal level, triple toe transfer from the same foot was performed in the dominant hand of an art worker who needed three ulnar digits to work with the intact thumb. The toes of the left foot could not be used because of a previous injury. Long-term follow-up at 3 years showed good results in terms of function. He regained dexterity for calligraphy, notably the brush calligraphy and painting that are important in his job. The donor site was treated very carefully to prevent complications. There was minimal donor site morbidity. He still can walk very well and runs fast. Gait analysis of the donor foot is presented. This was a unique situation, and satisfactory results were obtained through the cooperation of the patient as well as detailed analysis before surgery.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Ectopic head and foot formation in Hydra: diacylglycerol-induced increase in positional value and assistance of the head in foot formation.

In wild type Hydra magnipapillata, daily application of the protein kinase C activator diacylglycerol (DAG) evokes sprouting of periodically spaced ectopic heads along the body column and leads to loss of the ability to regenerate proximal structures including the foot. The present transplantation studies show that the appearance of ectopic heads is preceded by an early increase in the 'positional value' (P-value) or 'head activation potential' of the gastric column. Long before ectopic head structures emerge, pieces of DAG-treated tissue transplanted into the corresponding positional level of untreated hosts induce head formation instead of being integrated, whereas pieces implanted from untreated donors into DAG-treated hosts form feet. Foot formation implies a decrease in the P-value. This down-regulation is promoted through long-range assistance by the head. Thus, after termination of the DAG treatment ectopic feet are intercalated midway between the periodically spaced heads; moreover, untreated polyps onto which additional distal heads have been grafted regenerate feet faster than do one-headed polyps and may form supernumerary feet. Multiheaded animals can also be produced using two substances (K-252a and xanthate D609) that interfere with signal transduction, but the mode by which secondary heads arise is different from DAG-induced ectopic head formation. Presumably because the assistance by the parental head is impaired, buds fail to form a foot and detach and instead give rise to stable secondary body axes. It is assumed that the P-value along the body varies according to the number of cellular receptors for factors serving as intercellular signals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Blood flow in the foot, polyneuropathy and foot ulceration in diabetes mellitus.

Comparable groups of diabetic patients asymptomatic of neuropathy (Group A), with chronic painful polyneuropathy (Group B) and painless polyneuropathy causing recurrent foot ulceration (Group C) were studied for differences in pedal blood flow, peripheral somatic and autonomic neuropathy and vascular calcification. Blood flow abnormalities detected by doppler waveform analysis, and consistent with reduced peripheral vascular resistance, were found in all three diabetic patient groups. The abnormalities were of similar severity in Group A and B but generally more marked in Group C. Tests of peripheral somatic nerve function became progressively more abnormal from Group A to Group C. Autonomic neuropathy was equally severe in Groups B and C, although mild abnormalities were recorded in diabetic patients asymptomatic of neuropathy. A similar pattern was seen for vascular calcification in the tarsal and metatarsal arteries: marked in both neuropathic groups (B and C) but mild in Group A. It was concluded that abnormal blood flow consistent with reduced peripheral vascular resistance is very common in the feet of diabetic patients whether or not they are symptomatic of neuropathy, and is most severe in those with chronic painless polyneuropathy and recurrent foot ulceration. No clear relationship was found between autonomic nerve dysfunction and the degree of abnormality of blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Use of several microvascular flaps in replacement of extensive suppurative-necrotic defects of the supporting surface of the foot: transplantation of a double shin-foot flap].

The scheme of conduction of the microvascular transplantation using double flap of shin and foot combined with musculus serratus anterior is adduced. The double combination consists of the transplant of medial shin surface and medial plantar fragment. The advantages of the proposed method (availability of thin hypodermic base, own sensitive nerve, united blood supply system, and also long vascular pedicle, resistance for the exercise load, possibility of linking up of the third complex, and, perhaps, minimal harm done to donor region) contrary to the transplantation of a piece transplant having large dimensions permit to apply more effectively the double flap for the supporting points of foot substitution.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The Madura foot: an "innocent foot mycosis"?

With the increased movement of the world population, acquaintance with the clinical picture of the Madura foot is of growing importance beyond its original endemic areas. The characteristic triad of symptoms consists of indurated swelling, multiple sinus tracts with purulent discharge filled with grains and localization at the foot. An increasing number of new etiologic agents are recognized today. For a better choice of therapy an adequate diagnostic procedure is essential ; a deep biopsy for histology appears to give a more substantial contribution to identification of the causal organism than culture. The treatment which should be started early, is at first essentially a drug treatment. However, in spite of high expectations with regard to new antimycotic drugs, amputation or disarticulation is often inevitable even today, particularly when the lesion is caused by Eumycetes. The first two documented patients with this disease in the Netherlands are described. They developed serious deformities of the lower extremity despite long-term use of antimycotic and antibiotic medication.

Adult↗