Neurological disease in former Far-East prisoners of war.
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Self-rated health and physical functioning are recognized as important indicators of health in older persons. Rarely, however, there have been studies done which examine cross-cultural differences in the health of older people using these measures, especially among non-Western countries. The objective of this study was to examine patterns of association of self-rated health and functional disability of Japanese and Korean elderly people living in the community, using nationwide surveys of persons aged 60 years or over. There were striking similarities in the general pattern of associations with covariates. In the multivariate analysis, age, work status, comorbidity, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, hospitalization, and functional disability were strongly associated with self-rated health in both populations. For functional disability, older age, female, low social contact, depressive symptoms, poor life satisfaction, and poor self-rated health were found to be significantly associated. Some differences in the structure of associations with self-rated health, however, were noted. Women tended to assess their health more favorably than men in Korea, but in the Japanese elderly gender differences disappeared when other variables were taken into account. Health-related variables tended to be more closely associated with functional disability in the Japanese sample. An overall similarity, however, in the pattern of associations of these measures supports their utility in assessing and comparing the health of older populations in this region.
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Doroixys simplex n. sp. is described from material collected from a tunicate of the genus Ciona, collected on the North Pacific coast of Russia. This is the fourth species of the genus and the first for which the male has been found. The new species differs from congeners most noticeably in the absence of posterolateral processes from the rear margin of the dorsal cephalic shield. A key to species is provided.
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The ethics of biological research, and its general impact, are hotly debated in the West. Japanese silence on the issues is counterproductive. Will the Human Genome Project provide the catalyst for change?
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The emergence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains in 1976 and the increasing frequency of chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin has resulted in a decline in the effectiveness of penicillin for the treatment of gonorrhea. In Hong Kong, the emergence of bacterial resistance to kanamycin or tetracycline has also been observed. Quinolones were first introduced in Hong Kong in 1985, and since then the percentage of PPNG-related cases of gonorrhea has dropped dramatically. The use of quinolones for the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis has not been as successful as that for gonorrhea. Haemophilus ducreyi (the causative organism of chancroid) is sensitive to quinolones, and the occurrence of chancroid since 1985 has decreased from 628 to (in 1987) 184.
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