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Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Dosimetry of rotational photon fields with gravity-oriented eye blocks.

Evolving radiotherapeutic technique is aimed at routine use of an eye protection accessory with uniformity of dose to facial tumors. Rotational 4 MV photon fields with gravity-oriented eye blocks are described in applications to patients and a phantom. A machine-oriented compensator with a slit and beveled edges at eye levels has been applied to increase uniformity of dose over the entire target, including partly blocked regions. Treatment planning parameters are derived from simple geometric relationships. Dose distributions and average tissue-air ratios (TAR) are calculated with a conventional radiotherapeutic treatment planning system, and measured during initial treatments via thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) in facial cavities. Machine monitor units of initial treatments (MU1) are calculated from prescribed dose D, TAR, percentage isodose lines, dose rates in air, and compensator transmission; for subsequent treatments, MU1 are modified using averages of unblocked target doses D measured during initial treatment: MU2 = (D/D)MU1. Doses measured on patients' eyelids have been 10 to 15% of prescribed dose. Three dimensional dose distributions were determined using TLD in an anthropomorphic phantom. With beam compensation, eye doses were 15% of unblocked target doses, doses to partly blocked target were 86 to 129% of unblocked target doses, and doses to unblocked target showed 5% mean standard deviations. In vivo and in phantom data were consistent with computer-calculated distributions. For uniformity of target dose, eye-sparing, and simplicity of irradiating tumors surrounding the eyes, the technique investigated compares favorably with conventional techniques.

Elementary Particles↗
PubMed2004

Photokeratoconjunctivitis caused by different light sources.

To assess the current state of photokeratoconjunctivitis (PKC) and compare patients caused by different light sources, we recruited 106 consecutive cases from August 2001 to March 2002 through the emergency department at a teaching hospital in Taiwan and conducted questionnaire interviews and telephone follow-ups. Whereas 85.8% of the cases received exposures from welding, only 3.8% were professional welders, and most cases were of other occupations with occasional use of welding. A substantial number of cases were attributable to ultraviolet (UV) lamps and sparkles from short circuits (7 each). Cases caused by different light sources (welding, UV lamps, and sparkles) had significant differences in occupations, exposure durations, and distances to light sources. In comparison with cases caused by welding, cases caused by short circuit sparkles had a more acute course, but those caused by UV lamps had a less acute course. Few cases used protection equipment, which highlighted the importance of education.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Radiation-blocking glasses allow vision during ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of leaded safety glasses to block radiation and allow for vision during ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Eight patients were treated with palladium 103 ophthalmic plaque radiotherapy and measured for emitted radiation while wearing leaded glasses or a lead patch. Radiation emission was measured at 1 m so as to compare the glasses' ability to block radiation in vivo. RESULTS: In two patients the tumor was in the patients' only seeing eye, and the leaded radiation safety glasses allowed them to function (feed themselves and walk to the bathroom unassisted). In two additional patients, the glasses allowed binocularity and were preferred over the patch. Measurements revealed that both the lead patch and leaded radiation safety glasses reduced exposure to levels acceptable for discharge to home in New York City. CONCLUSIONS: Leaded radiation safety glasses improved patients' quality of life without sacrificing radiation safety.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed2005

Fishing-related ocular trauma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of fishing-related ocular injuries. DESIGN: Retrospective observational analysis of a computerized databank. METHODS: The United States Eye Injury Registry was used to analyze 143 patients with fishing-related ocular injury. Epidemiologic and clinical information was evaluated including the age and gender of the subjects, classification of ocular trauma, surgical management, and final visual acuity. RESULTS: Of the 732 cases of sport-related ocular trauma, 143 (19.54%) occurred while fishing; of these, 79% were male patients who ranged in age from 6 to 68 years (mean, 37 years). Corneal laceration, globe rupture, and hyphema were the most common diagnoses at presentation and were caused by fishing hooks, lures, and weights. Thirty-five bystanders are included in the study. Thirty-eight percent of patients had visual acuity less than 20/50, and 21% had a visual acuity of less than 20/200. Open globe injuries portended a poor visual outcome compared with closed globe injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Fishing-related ocular injuries represent a large percent of sports-related trauma, often resulting in significant visual loss. Preventive measures such as the use of protective eyewear should be advised in this activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Sun-safe practices in U.S. youth and their parents: role of caregiver on youth sunscreen use.

BACKGROUND: There is a limited understanding of the social influences, such as the role of parents on youth sun-safe practices, that may reduce the risk of developing skin cancer later in life. METHODS: This study examined the degree of correlation in sun-safe practices between youth and their parents and assessed independent parental factors of youth sunscreen use in a 1998 cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey of U.S. youth (11- to 18-year-olds) and their parents/caregivers (N=1192 pairs of youth and parents). RESULTS: Sunscreen-use practices between youth and their parents were significantly correlated, albeit small. Youth were significantly more likely to use sunscreen frequently if their parents applied it frequently on themselves. Multivariate analysis revealed three independent parental factors associated with frequent youth sunscreen use: Their parent reported to insist frequently that the child uses sunscreen (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR]=2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.8); parent reported no difficulty with protecting their child from the sun (aPOR=1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.9); and parent's own frequency of sunscreen use (aPOR=1.3, 95% CI, 0.9-1.8). CONCLUSIONS: Sun-safe practices were correlated between parent-child pairs and parental factors exerted a positive role on youth sunscreen-use frequency. These data may guide further sociobehavioral and intervention research for the design of skin cancer prevention programs in schools and communities to improve levels of sun-safe practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Three-dimensional analysis of eye movements using four times high-speed video camera.

In order to record and analyze the rapid eye movement non-invasively in human subjects, a four times high-speed video camera (4TC) with a new computer software was developed and utilized. Nine healthy volunteers and four patients with vestibular dysfunction participated in this study. Caloric stimulation was applied to the healthy subjects and the eye movements were recorded using a standard camera (SC) and a 4TC. In four patients, the positional and/or positioning nystagmus was recorded using SC and 4TC. Analysis of the eye speed of the quick phase of nystagmus was performed manually from the print out of the chart. The quick phase of the caloric nystagmus was adequately analyzed from the data using 4TC. However, using SC the sampling rate was not sufficiently enough for this purpose, as prospected. The adaptability of the 4TC in clinical examination is exactly similar to that of SC, because of the size and weight of the camera. Although the time taken to analyze eye movements using 4TC is about four times longer than that using SC, this system is quite useful and adequate for analyzing the quick eye movements in vestibular nystagmus, in an out-patient clinic set up.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Determining the effects of eyewear fogging on visual task performance.

The effect of fog on eyewear was evaluated by having individuals perform a target detection task in environments that typically cause eyewear to fog while wearing either eyewear that had been treated with anti-fog coating, eyewear not treated, or no eyewear. Detection was higher with eyewear that had been treated with anti-fog coating compared to uncoated lenses and no difference was observed between wearing coated eyewear and wearing no eyewear. The study concluded that fogging of lenses has a significant effect on visual detection and the use of anti-fog coating is relatively effective. However, in environments where prolonged fogging occurs water droplets form on anti-fog coated lenses which disrupts visual performance in a manner similar to the fog it is trying to prevent. It is recommended that anti-fog coating be considered when purchasing protective eyewear, and a bench test be developed to assess the coatings applied to eyewear.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Non-invasive electroretinography.

Electroretinographic (ERG) investigations are conventionally performed by using corneal or conjunctival recording electrodes. Both types have to be placed in contact with the eye, resulting invasive and providing discomfort for the patient. This paper presents a simple technique to detect ERG potentials non-invasively. It relies on the use of a conducting liquid between the eye and an external conductor, which actually derives the ocular potential without any ocular contact. These elements are the basic components of a new type of ERG electrode, referred to as Carpi-Tomei (CT) electrode. The paper describes the assembly of prototype samples of the new electrode. Preliminary testing assessed the feasibility of the proposed non-invasive technique.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Ocular contamination during lesional surgery-a hazard for the plastic surgeon.

UNLABELLED: Protective glasses reduce the risk of transconjunctival virus transmission although this has never been characterised for local anaesthetic skin lesion surgery. This study investigated the use of, and need for, protective eyewear during Plastic Surgery and the surgeons' attitude to risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study 1. A multi-center questionnaire recorded the attitudes of Plastic Surgeons' regarding google use and ocular viral transmission. Study 2. A single surgeon performed local anaesthetic skin lesion surgery over 8 months whilst wearing clean goggles. After each procedure the goggles were inspected for macroscopic splashes ans a record made of whether the operator had been aware of the splash occurrence. RESULTS: Study 1. There were 36 respondents to the questionnaire (response rate of 84%). All grades recognised the risk of conjunctival contamination but most respondents did not wear goggles. Respondents changed their behavior, however, in 'high risk' cases. Study 2. 143 procedures resulted in 42 splashes. The surgeon was only aware of the splash in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: Despite widespread recognition of the importance of eye protection, goggle use is still infrequent. Our study stresses the frequency of potential splashes to the eye and need for routine use of goggles to prevent viral transmission.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Dental laser safety.

The purpose of this article is to inform the reader about dental laser safety and to suggest practical guidelines. The laser safety officer plays a major role, ensuring that the instrument is used safely and effectively. With adequate precautions and proper training, dental lasers can be used to deliver excellent care.

Dental Equipment↗