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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Association between congenital anomalies and paternal exposure to agricultural pesticides depending on mother's employment status.

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the association between fetal death from congenital anomalies and paternal agricultural occupation in mothers who were employed and in housewives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data consist of individual records from the Spanish Birth Register (1995-1999). RESULTS: The adjusted relative risk of fetal death in agricultural workers compared with nonagricultural was 1.24 (95% confidence interval = 0.38- 4.02) in mothers who were employed and 1.68 (95% confidence interval = 1.03-2.73) in housewives. CONCLUSION: The risk of fetal death in the offspring of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides around the time of conception was higher than in the offspring of nonagricultural workers in mothers who were housewives but not in mothers who worked outside the home.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Employment status, job characteristics, and work-related health experience of people with a lower limb amputation in The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the occupational situation of people with lower limb amputations in The Netherlands and to compare the health experience of working and nonworking amputee patients with a nonimpaired reference population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in which patients completed a questionnaire about their job participation, type of job, workplace adjustments to their limb loss, their position in the company, and a general health questionnaire. SETTING: Orthopedic workshops in The Netherlands with a population of lower limb amputees. PATIENTS: Subjects were recruited from orthopedic workshops in the Netherlands. They ranged in age from 18 to 60 years (mean, 44.5yr) and had a lower limb amputated at least 2 years (mean, 19.6yr) before this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A self-report questionnaire, with 1 part concerning patient characteristics and amputation-related factors, and the other concerning job characteristics, vocational handicaps, work adjustments, and working conditions; and a general health questionnaire (RAND-36) to measure health status. RESULTS: Responses were received from 652 of the 687 patients (response rate, 95%) who were sent the questionnaire. Sixty-four percent of the respondents were working at the time of the study (comparable with the employment rate of the general Dutch population), 31% had work experience but were not presently working, and 5% had no work experience. After their amputations, people shifted to less physically demanding work. The mean delay between the amputation and the return to work was 2.3 years. Many people wished their work was better adjusted to the limitations presented by their disability and they mentioned having problems concerning possibilities for promotion. Seventy-eight percent of those who stopped working within 2 years after the amputation said that amputation-related factors played a role in their decision. Thirty-four percent said that they might have worked longer if certain adjustments had been made. The health experience of people who were no longer working was significantly worse than that of the working people with amputations. CONCLUSIONS: Although amputee patients had a relatively good rate of job participation, they reported problems concerning the long delay between amputation and return to work, problems in finding suitable jobs, fewer possibilities for promotion, and problems in obtaining needed workplace modifications. People who had to stop working because of the amputation showed a worse health experience than working people.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Socio-economic status, employment and neurosis.

In a national sample of over 3,000 36-year-olds, neurosis was more prevalent in men of lower status as assessed by housing tenure but not occupational class, education or personal income. Symptoms were more frequent in the unemployed, especially those not seeking work. In women, rates did not differ by husband's occupational class but were higher for those in rented accommodation, with unskilled manual jobs, without paid employment, with poor qualifications and with unemployed husbands, the strength of associations being dependent upon family structure. Many of these associations were reduced or eliminated by adjustment for reported financial hardship. Accounts of mental health problems in unemployed men and in married women (especially with children) may have underestimated the importance of financial circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation of the pre-employment drug testing result to employment status: a one-year follow-up.

All employees hired over a six-month period at a large hospital underwent pre-employment urinary toxicology screening. Results of the screening were kept confidential. After a year of employment, the personnel folders of all employees studied were reviewed. Twenty-two of 180 employees (12%) had tested positive for drug use. Employees in clerical/aide positions were significantly more likely to test positive than were employees in professional positions (17% vs. 6%). Drug-positive employees were also more likely to be young and male. Comparison of job performance variables, job retention, supervisor evaluations, and reasons for termination showed no difference between drug-positive and drug-negative employees. Eleven drug-negative employees were fired during the study; no drug-positive employee was fired. There was a strongly significant difference between clerical and professional employees on each of these variables. This study did not find a relation between drug use and job performance. The widespread use of drug screening prior to employment makes further studies of this issue important.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Neurocognition as a determinant of employment status in schizophrenia.

Chronic unemployment is a major problem faced by many persons with schizophrenia. In this article, the author first reviews reasons why employment is an important goal for patients with schizophrenia. Employment appears to improve the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Employment also reduces the economic costs of the illness to society. The author then discusses predictors of positive employment outcomes in schizophrenia. Clinical symptoms, especially positive symptoms, do not appear to play a large role in predicting occupational functioning in schizophrenia. The author than reviews the evidence for the role of cognitive impairment in unemployment in patients with schizophrenia. In seven of the eight studies reviewed, significant relationships between cognitive functioning and work status/work behaviors were reported. These studies provide the basis for identifying those patients most at risk for the poorest occupational outcomes as well as those most likely to benefit from focused intervention.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Initial employment status of resident physicians completing training in 1995.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the degree and type of difficulty encountered by resident physicians attempting to enter the workforce in 1995. DESIGN: Employment information derived from a 1-page descriptive survey completed by residency program directors from January 1, 1996, to June 15,1996, is described and compared with the results of a similar survey completed 1 year earlier. SETTING: Directors of 4568 residency programs in 31 specialties and subspecialties accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The number of 1995 program graduates, their current professional status, and program directors' characterization of the experience of graduates who entered clinical practice, including the number who experienced major difficulties securing an acceptable practice position. Program directors reported actual and anticipated decreases in the number of residency positions and the likely availability of future professional opportunities. RESULTS: The 3819 program directors (83.6%) who completed the survey reported that 20065 resident physicians completed a residency program during 1995. Of those seeking employment (n = 13215), most entered clinical practice (80.1%) or took an academic position (15.6%); 2.2% were unemployed or had taken a position in a specialty or subspecialty different from the one in which they were last trained. A portion (6.3%) of graduates who entered clinical practice in their specialty or subspecialty experienced difficulty finding a suitable position; the percentage was lowest among graduates of general surgery, psychiatry, and primary care specialties. CONCLUSIONS: Survey results regarding the 1995 graduates are consistent with those obtained regarding the 1994 graduates and suggest that the market for physician services in some disciplines continues to be restrictive. We found that graduates of the specialties of anesthesiology and plastic surgery, whom we reported had the greatest difficulty finding acceptable positions in 1994, had less difficulty in 1995, suggesting a possible improvement in the market, less competition, a change in the respondents' perception of "acceptable," or a change in the resident physicians' willingness to pursue different opportunities. The general consistency of our results and their congruence with other published data suggest that this method is useful to identify and monitor trends in the physician market.

Employment↗
PubMed2006

The effect of total hip replacement on the employment status of patients under the age of 60 years.

INTRODUCTION: A retrospective study was undertaken of a consecutive cohort of 86 patients (101 hips) under the age of 60 years operated on by a single orthopaedic team between 1993 and 2003 at a district general hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Demographic and diagnostic data were collected from patients' hospital records, and a detailed questionnaire regarding occupational status was used at follow-up. RESULTS: Nearly all of the patients working prior to surgery returned to employment following surgery. Nearly half of those not working pre-operatively regained employment postoperatively; among those that did not return to work, this was for reasons unrelated to their hip. Those patients who had been out of work prior to their surgery took significantly longer to return to work. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that total hip replacement is effective in keeping patients under the age of 60 years employed. It is also effective in allowing those already off work due to hip pain to return to work, although there is a much greater delay.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Self-rated health in relation to employment status during periods of high and of low levels of unemployment.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for more research on the health impact of changes in the national unemployment rate. Therefore, the present study was carried out to compare levels of self-rated health during periods of high and low levels of unemployment. METHODS: Data included cross-sectional interviews from the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions, which were based on random samples of inhabitants between 16 and 64 years of age living in Sweden. Data were collected for the period 1983-89, when unemployment levels were low (n = 35 562; 2.5%) and for the period 1992-97 when unemployment was high (n = 24 019; 7.1%). RESULTS: After adjusting for sociodemographic variables as well as long-term disease or handicap, the differences in self-rated health between the unemployed and employed were larger when unemployment levels were high in the 1990s, than when they were low in the 1980s. More groups of the unemployed were afflicted with poor health when unemployment was high, compared with when it was low. In 1992-97, being married, living in larger cities, or not having a long-term disease or handicap no longer buffered the negative effects on health among the unemployed. CONCLUSIONS: Poorer self-rated health among the unemployed seems to be an increasing public health problem during high levels of unemployment.

Adolescent↗