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PubMed1997

A self-psychological study of a shared gambling fantasy in Eugene O'Neill's Hughie.

This paper presents an applied psychoanalytic study of Eugene O'Neill's two-character play, Hughie. Applying the constructs of self psychology, the play illustrates both the narcissistic features and the emotional and behavioral characteristics of compulsive gamblers. The study focuses particular attention on the role of narcissistic fantasies--with both grandiose and megalomaniacal features--in affecting, temporarily, the mood of the characters. Moreover, it is shown that a shared gambling fantasy--a "winner among winners"--enables them to experience a sense of camaraderie, humanness, and the illusion of kinship.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[The social understanding of Eugen Bleuler - his viewpoint outside of the psychiatric clinic].

Based on writings from different periods in the life of Eugen Bleuler, the present work represents a consistent recognizable concept of ethics, social order and race hygiene in his scientific work. These subjects are set by Bleuler in a more general connection of nature and culture; it can be shown that the scientific understanding of social and cultural phenomena is founded on principles which can be easily identified by looking at nature. Bleuler's position is a clear-cut deterministic and materialistic one; the crisis of the post-world-war era can be solved only by rational reasonable ethics rules of a science applied on social questions. Bleuler outlines the general importance of race hygiene; practical consequences of this position remain unaffected. Euthanasia is to be planed in certain cases of difficult and incurable disease - including also mental illness; mental deficiency as such does not legitimize a such step yet.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1997

[The development of criminal psychology in the work of Eugen Bleuler].

The study refers to Eugen Bleuler's first systematic publications on "the natural born criminal" (1896) and his subsequent forensic-psychiatric expertise, written by Bleuler as Director of the psychiatric Department of Psychiatry of the University of Zurich ("Burghölzli"). It could be clearly shown that Bleuler was influenced by a deterministic understanding of human behaviour. He referred to the Anglo-American concept of "moral insanity" as a circumscribed defect of altruistic feelings despite other psychic functions being normal and tended to include this psychopathic deviation in psychiatry. Although this theoretic position remained unchanged, the elderly E. Beuler--under pragmatic points of view--accepted the traditional differentiation between mental illness in a narrower sense and "moral insanity" as a personality feature of most delinquents, falling under the responsibility of law and penal institutions. In his publications as emeritus (after 1927). Bleuler was influenced by the natural philosophic and vitalistic concept of the so-called "Minemism", which, however, still made him reject the postulate of "freedom of will".

Criminal Psychology↗
PubMed1992

[Psychiatry and psychoanalysis--Eugen Bleuler's "dementia praecox or group of schizophrenias" (1911)].

Unlike many psychiatrists around 1900, Eugen Bleuler had a friendly, even partly affirmative attitude towards psychoanalysis. In his famous book "Dementia Praecox or Group of Schizophrenias" (1911) he emphasized the influence of psychoanalysis on his theory about schizophrenia. In this article we describe Bleuler's fundamental thoughts on psychology and psychotherapy in order to look for a special disposition to accept psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis seemed to him to be one of the most promising attempts to develop a systematic psychotherapy founded on a scientific psychology. In particular, Freud's hypothesis about the wish-fulfilling character of dreams influenced Bleuler's understanding of delusion and other symptoms of schizophrenia.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2002

Development and termination of the working relationship of C. G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler 1900-1909.

From 1900 to 1909, C. G. Jung was on the staff of the University Psychiatric Clinic in Zurich ('Burghölzli'), headed by Eugen Bleuler, where he became a senior physician (Sekundararzt) in 1905. Jung received his doctorate (1902) and postdoctoral qualification as a university lecturer (Habilitation) based on Bleuler's reports to the department of medicine, and he continued to give lectures on certain recurring topics, such as the theory of hysteria, until summer semester 1914, well after his resignation. Minutes of department meetings that have not previously been evaluated appear to indicate that a major factor leading to Jung's resignation on 7 March 1909 was the department's rejection of the founding of the 'psychopathologic research laboratory' that he had expected. The importance of other events for Bleuler's relationship with Jung - the unsuccessful attempt at an analytical treatment of Otto Gross, and Jung's relationship with Sabina Spielrein - cannot be determined from current sources.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1987

Eugene O'Neill and Addison's disease.

A detailed review of hospital records, physician's notes, diaries, letters, and autopsy reports offers sufficient clinical grounds to establish that Eugene O'Neill developed adrenal insufficiency, secondary to tuberculosis, in later life--a fact hitherto unknown--the condition not becoming manifest until after he had abdominal surgery in 1936.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed2005

An attempt at unmasking Eugene O'Neill.

Masks appear in several of Eugene O'Neill's early plays, serving not as a mere technical innovation, but rather as a way to explore "hidden conflicts" of human nature. This article explores three factors that could have provoked this sensitivity to the motif of masking. First is the influence of Greek tragedy--itself a domain of "the masked God"--which O'Neill tried to restore through several of his plays. Second is O'Neill's insight into the connection between modern man's selfhood and the process of masking, several decades before psychoanalysts have approached it scientifically, in complete accordance with Kohut's hypothesis about the "anticipatory function of art". The final factor consists of both his early development and his later life--especially his three marriages--as revealed through extensive biographies, correspondence, and plays. The article suggests that the most important influence on O'Neill's sensitivity to motif of masking was his mother's morphine addiction.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Eugene W. Caldwell Lecture. Why Caldwell?

Every year for the past 75 years, the American Roentgen Ray Society has honored Eugene W. Caldwell by including the Caldwell Memorial Lecture as one of the features of the society's annual meeting. In this anniversary year--a year that highlights the history of radiology--it is appropriate to look back on Caldwell's career to examine the reasons for the society's decision to honor him, rather than numerous other eminent radiologists who might have been selected in his place. In the first Caldwell lecture in 1920, Walter Alvarez said, "Caldwell was a pioneer, an inventor, a research worker, a versatile, enthusiastic, and lovable man" [1]. Surely, many radiologists who lived during Caldwell's lifetime and who came later--including some living today--can be described in this way. The purpose of this essay is to offer an explanation of why Caldwell was chosen over the others.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1984

MeSH--a unique partnership. An interview with Eugene E. Loubier, President, Franklin Medical Center, Greenfield, Massachusetts.

HCSM's interview this month is with Eugene E. Loubier, FACHA, President of Franklin Medical Center, Greenfield, Massachusetts. This 162-bed facility is the first to start formally a MeSH plan, a unique medical staff/hospital joint venture or partnership. Through MeSH, the hospital and its medical staff have created a new corporation, equally owned by the hospital and the medical staff members participating in the MeSH. This corporation is responsible for areas where the economic interests of the physicians and the hospitals overlap. Instead of each party independently pursuing economic opportunities that might impact the other party, the MeSH can, as a whole, undertake the venture.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMed1998

[Eugene de Séré (1828-1870), inventor of the electric lancet].

The authors relate chiefly medical-officer Eugene de Sere's military career, particuliarly some parts of his work: the invention of a galvano-cautery, an electric cutter including a scale which allows to change current strength whether it is needing to cut flesh or to coagulate blood. That instrument is the forerunner of every modern one.

Electricity↗
PubMed2003

Iowa and Eugene, Oregon, orthopaedics.

Over the last 50 years, the commitment of orthopaedic surgeons to basic and clinical research and evaluation of treatment outcomes has made possible remarkable improvements in the care of people with injuries and diseases of the limbs and spine. A group of Oregon orthopaedic surgeons has had an important role in these advances, especially in the orthopaedic specialties of sports medicine and hip reconstruction. Since Don Slocum (Iowa Orthopaedic Resident, 1934-1937), started practice in Eugene, Oregon, in 1939, three orthopaedic surgeons, Denny Collis, Craig Mohler and Paul Watson, who received their orthopaedic residency education at the University of Iowa, and three orthopaedic surgeons, Stan James, Tom Wuest and Dan Fitzpatrick, who received their undergraduate, medical school and orthopaedic residency education at the University of Iowa, have joined the group Dr. Slocum founded. These individuals, and their partners, established and have maintained a successful growing practice that serves the people of the Willamette valley, but in addition, they have made important contributions to the advancement of orthopaedics.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1992

[Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) and psychoanalysis].

The relationship of Eugen Bleuler with psychoanalysis can be characterized as a history of overture and distance. In previous literature this relationship has been mainly studied from a historical and biographical point of view. In this article the authors review the history of Bleuler's attitude toward psychoanalysis from an ideengeschichtlich point of view. They distinguish and argue three periods. 1896-1906: the initial period was one of overt appreciation and positive rapprochement; 1906-1911: Bleulers initial positive attitude is more and more thwarted by fundamental theoretical disagreement and by his opposition against Freud's group building strategy; from 1912 on, Bleuler clearly dissociates himself from psychoanalytic theory and movement. An interpretation of this evolution is given in terms of personal and above all of theoretical incompatibility.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1992

Voices from family medicine: Eugene Farley. Interview by William B. Ventres and John J. Frey.

This transcript is an abridged and edited version of interviews conducted with Eugene Farley, MD, MPH, in May 1991. It is the second in a series that looks into both the founding history of family medicine and the lives of those people who helped create the discipline. Dr. Farley is professor and chair of the Department of Family Medicine and Practice at the University of Wisconsin. In 1989, he received the STFM Recognition Award.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1991

Eugene Tubbs Burn Intensive Care Unit. University of Florida Shands Hospital.

A four-year update is reported on the Eugene Tubbs Burn Intensive Care Unit at the University of Florida Shands Hospital. Flame (68%) and scald (18%) burns have remained fairly constant over the period. There were 123 inpatients and 356 outpatient visits this past year with an infection rate of 21%. Seventeen patients were age 50 or older and the average body surface area involved of the 9% mortality group was 57.4%. The advantage of a burn team working in a specially designed unit is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Our urologic heritage. Eugen Joseph (1879-1933)].

We remember the urologist Eugen Joseph (1879-1933), working in Berlin. After a short description of his life from his extensive scientific work particularly the chromocystoscopy, the chemocoagulation of the tumours of the urinary bladder and the medical technological studies are emphasized, by which he considerably influenced the development of urology in Germany.

Germany↗
PubMed1985

[Our surgical heritage: the tragic destiny of the surgeon. Eugen Alexander Pólya (1876-1944)].

Eugen Pólya was an outstanding hungarian surgeon of the first half of this century, a man of international reputation. Already in 1913 on the basis of animal experiments he realised the necessity of conservative treatment in acute pancreatitis. He and Reichel (Germany) share the fame of the introduction of a modified GE in partial resection of the stomach (B-II-type). In 1944 Pólya was killed by hungarian fascists for racial and political reasons. Nobody knows where his corpse was buried.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1977

[Erythrocyte changes (echino- and stomatocytic) in muscular dystrophy: research on possible applications in diagnosis and eugenics].

The Authors, after a brief review of the factors which influence the echino and stomatocytic erythrocyte's deformations and of the biochemical basis of these alterations, report the comparative study of the echino-stomatocytogenesis in both normal subjects and myodystrophic patients. In order to investigate whether this phenomenon is more developed in pathological condition, the results confirm that between normal subjects and myodystrophic patients or healthy carriers there is a quantitative significant difference which can be utilized for diagnostic and eugenic purposes. To obtain reliable results, the evaluation should be made at regular intervals of time from the blood drawing and after the exclusion of the presence of other disease or echino-stomatocytogenetic factors (drugs, etc.).

Acanthocytes↗
PubMed1981

[Medicine and chemistry around the middle of the 19th century in Erlangen. Eugen Franz Freiherr von Gorup-Besanez (1817--1878) (author's transl)].

Eugen Franz Freiherr von Gorup-Besanez, born 1817 in Graz, was appointed on 28. 11. 1846 to the post of lecturer in the faculty of medicine of the University of Erlangen. He had previously studied medicine in Vienna, Padua and Munich, followed by physiological and clinical-chemical studies under Louis Andreas Buchner in Munich, and further studies in organic and analytical chemistry under Friedrich Wöhler in Göttingen. In 1849 in Erlangen he became reader in organic and analytical chemistry, then, in 1855, moved to the faculty of philosophy as professor of chemistry. Von Gorup-Besanez was one of the early representatives of clinical chemistry in Germany. He tried to help clinicians by the analysis of urine, blood and tissues. In his lectures and through his books he was an outstanding teacher. His greatest contribution was the discovery of the amino acid valine. The lack of a laboratory in the medical faculty and his dissatisfaction with what could be achieved in clinical chemistry at that time may chiefly explain his move from the medical to the philosophical faculty. The life of von Gorup-Besanez illustrates the difficulties faced by clinical chemistry and its exponents in the middle of the 19th century.

Chemistry, Clinical↗