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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Mortality trends caused by neoplasms of the digestive system. Soria, 1950-1985].

The deaths caused by tumours of the digestive system (oesophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, gallbladder and pancreas) recorded in the province of Soria between 1950 and 1985 have been analyzed according to risk and mortality rates. Standardized (adjusted) rates in relation to sex and site of residence (urban-rural) of the deceased were calculated for the decades 1950-1959, 1960-1969, 1970-1979 and the period between 1980 and 1985. Standard errors were calculated to establish confidence limits according to Miettinen's method. The data were obtained from the death certificates of the various registries of the Soria province, including name and surnames, sex, age and site of the tumour according to the 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. There is a significant decrease in the mortality risk for tumours of the stomach in both sexes (p less than 0.01) and in liver tumours in females (p less than 0.01). On the other hand, there is an increased risk in both sexes for pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.05 M, p less than 0.01 F) and for oesophageal tumours in men (p less than 0.05). Similarly, during 1980-1985 men were at a significantly greater risk of dying from oesophageal, gastric and liver cancer (p less than 0.01) as well as rectum and colon (p less than 0.05). As far as stomach tumours are concerned there are significant differences between rural and urban areas both in males (p less than 0.01) and in females (p less than 0.05).

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1985

Examinations of digestive system parasitoses in people back from the tropics and subtropics.

The paper presents results of epidemiological-clinical studies of digestive system parasitoses in persons (seamen and other professional groups) back from the tropics. The author carried out multidirectional examinations (general medical with rectoscopy, laboratiorial: parasitological, microbiological, mycological and epidemiological) of 3,315 persons. The results were evaluated statistically. He defined the frequency of particular parasite invasion in men in dependence on region of stay, profession, length of service and age, and frequency of occurrence of symptomatic parasitoses as well as clinical picture of particular parasite species invasion. Special attention was paid to amoebiasis which the author separated from the whole material under analysis. The author made a comparison between cases of imported (181) and indigenous (164) amoebiasis as well as amoebiasis found in foreigners coming from tropical countries and staying in Poland (38). On the basis of many years observations of persons cured of amoebiasis he analysed the probability of occurrence of postamoebic syndrome. The material under examinations allowed to recognize the picture of digestive system parasitoses imported to Poland from the tropics.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1986

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like, substance P-like and bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the digestive system of the sheep.

Peptides which are possibly related to the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic division of the autonomic nervous system have been identified by immunofluorescence in the digestive system of mature sheep. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, and bombesin-like immunoreactivity were localized in neural elements throughout the ovine gastrointestinal tract (g.i.t.). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-l.i.) was demonstrable in the submaxillary, parotid and the sublingual salivary glands close to small blood vessels and the acini. VIP-l.i. was also demonstrable in the upper oesophagus in connective tissue near small blood vessels. In the forestomachs, abomasum, and small and large intestines reactive fibres were present in the mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle layers and the plexuses. The plexuses also contained reactive nerve cell bodies. VIP-reactive fibres were found in the pancreas, the gall bladder and the common bile and pancreatic duct but were not found in the intestinal mesentery, portal vein, and liver tissue. Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-l.i.) was demonstrable in nerve fibres in all the layers of the g.i.t. and in nerve cell bodies in the gut plexuses. The pancreas and the gall bladder also contained a few scattered fibres. Additionally, SP-l.i. was present in open-type endocrine cells throughout the mucosa of the small and large intestines but no SP-l.i. was found in the salivary glands or the oesophagus. Bombesin-like immunoreactivity (B-l.i.) was associated with nerve fibres and was demonstrable in the mucosa and myenteric plexuses throughout the g.i.t. B-l.i. in the smooth muscle appeared to be restricted to nerve fibres in the forestomachs, the abomasum, and the upper small intestine. No B-l.i. was found in the salivary glands, oesophagus, liver tissue, pancreas, gall bladder or intestinal mesentery.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Molecular physiology of vesicular glutamate transporters in the digestive system.

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Packaging and storage of glutamate into glutamatergic neuronal vesicles require ATP-dependent vesicular glutamate uptake systems, which utilize the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force. Three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-3) have been recently identified from neuronal tissue where they play a key role to maintain the vesicular glutamate level. Recently, it has been demonstrated that glutamate signaling is also functional in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, and occurs in sites of pituitary, adrenal, pineal glands, bone, GI tract, pancreas, skin, and testis. The glutamate receptors and VGLUTs in digestive system have been found in both neuronal and endocrinal cells. The glutamate signaling in the digestive system may have significant relevance to diabetes and GI tract motility disorders. This review will focus on the most recent update of molecular physiology of digestive VGLUTs.

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic↗
PubMed1992

Medical examination of the digestive system relevant to purchase.

Routine examination of the digestive system relevant to purchase includes gross examination of the feces, auscultation of the abdomen, and examination of the oral cavity and teeth for verification of age and identification of any gross abnormality. Further examination is indicated only when there is a history of diseases such as colic, especially colic surgery, or esophageal obstruction. Special procedures that might be indicated, depending upon the history and findings on the routine physical examination, include rectal palpation of the abdominal viscera; endoscopic examination of the esophagus; abdominal paracentesis; radiographs of the teeth, esophagus, or abdomen; and transabdominal or transrectal ultrasound.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The functional characteristics of the digestive system organs in persons living in a radionuclide-contaminated area].

A comprehensive clinico-instrumental evaluation was performed of 339 individuals residing in areas with high levels of radionuclide contamination, aimed to identify incidence rate for the development of various gastrointestinal tract pathologies. The digestive organs abnormalities were found to occur in 96% of the examinees, and included, for the most part, chronic gastritis, chronic cholecystitis, and ulcero-erosive lesions of gastric and duodenal mucosa. The results obtained warrant long-term follow-up examination of the digestive system status in victims of the Chernobyl accident, employing instrumental methods of investigation along with the institution of curative-and-prophylactic measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Is the food-entrainable circadian oscillator in the digestive system?

Food-anticipatory activity (FAA) is the increase in locomotion and core body temperature that precedes a daily scheduled meal. It is driven by a circadian oscillator but is independent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Recent results that reveal meal-entrained clock gene expression in rat and mouse peripheral organs raise the intriguing possibility that the digestive system is the site of the feeding-entrained oscillator (FEO) that underlies FAA. We tested this possibility by comparing FAA and Per1 rhythmicity in the digestive system of the Per1-luciferase transgenic rat. First, rats were entrained to daytime restricted feeding (RF, 10 days), then fed ad libitum (AL, 10 days), then food deprived (FD, 2 days). As expected FAA was evident during RF and disappeared during subsequent AL feeding, but returned at the correct phase during deprivation. The phase of Per1 in liver, stomach and colon shifted from a nocturnal to a diurnal peak during RF, but shifted back to nocturnal phase during the subsequent AL and remained nocturnal during food deprivation periods. Second, rats were entrained to two daily meals at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0400 and ZT 1600. FAA to both meals emerged after about 10days of dual RF. However, all tissues studied (all five liver lobes, esophagus, antral stomach, body of stomach, colon) showed entrainment consistent with only the night-time meal. These two results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that FAA arises as an output of rhythms in the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The results also highlight an interesting diversity among peripheral oscillators in their ability to entrain to meals and the direction of the phase shift after RF ends.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Congenital malformations of the digestive system. Maternity Clinical Hospital at the University of Chile. 1991-2001].

BACKGROUND: There were 26,617 births attended at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, of which 0.63% were stillborn. A frequency of malformations of 7.2 per born alive and of 22.1 per stillborn was detected in this population. AIM: To report the frequency of digestive system congenital malformations in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of data from the births that occurred at the University of Chile Hospital, that was gathered using codified form for the Latin American Collaborative Study for Congenital Malformations. RESULTS: Ninety seven digestive congenital malformations were detected, with a rate of 26.4 per 10,000 born alive and 12.2 per 10,000 stillborn. Diaphragmatic hernia was the most frequent malformation found, followed by imperforated anus, onphalocele and esophageal atresia. There was a secular increase in the frequency of these malformations. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of digestive system malformations is higher than in the rest of hospitals participating in the Latin American Collaborative Study for Congenital Malformations.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

[Factors leading to a delay and errors in the diagnosis of cancer of the digestive system].

The investigation covers 96 patients from Sofia, with cancer of the digestive system, with unsatisfactory early diagnosis -- 3.6 per cent and operability -- 36 per cent. The diagnosis was made after about an average of 6.4 months of the clinical onset of the diseases. Time loss is mainly due to diagnostic errors and less to late asking for doctor's attendance. More than 1/2 of the patients were treated "blindfold" without the proper X-ray and endoscopic investigations and specialized consultations. The most frequent diagnostic errors are: in case of gastric cancer -- "chronic gastritis" and "ulcer disease", 38.9 per cent and 30.6 per cent resp. and in case of cancer of colon and rectum -- "chronic colitis" 37 per cent and "hemorrhoids" -- 22.2 per cent. The patient's delay in the first examination shows an indirect dependence on education and health culture but is conditioned by a complicated complex of solial and psychological moments.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Bacteremia caused by digestive system endoscopy.

AIM: to evaluate bacteremias caused during endoscopic examination of the digestive tract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: prospective study of randomly selected patients who underwent digestive system endoscopic examination. Emergency endoscopic examinations were excluded. RESULTS: a total of 102 patients were analyzed. Of 44 patients who underwent gastroscopy, 11 (25%) subsequently had positive blood culture, and Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp were isolated. Of 30 patients who underwent colonoscopy, 3 (10%) had positive blood cultures, and Staphylococcus spp were isolated. Of 28 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 11 (39.2%) had positive blood cultures, and Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp were isolated. No deaths, endocarditis or other septic phenomena were attributed to bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of bacteremia ranged from 10% to 39% depending on the type of endoscopy. The microorganisms that were isolated most frequently were Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp. Gram-negative bacilli and enterobacteria were isolated in patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Study progress of p73 gene in digestive system carcinoma].

p73 gene is a new member of the tumor suppressor gene p53 family. They are similar in the structure and function of the coding protein, but they also have notable distinctions in other aspects. Many studies have shown that the abnormal p73 gene is associated with neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, prostatic carcinoma, and lung cancer, et al. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that p73 gene may involve the occurrence and development of a portion of the digestive system carcinoma. This review summarized the present conditions of the p73 gene and its correlation with the occurrence, development, prognosis, and expression in the digestive system carcinoma. We suggested that the further study about the p73 gene may be helpful to recognize the nature of the carcinoma and bring wish to overcome it finally.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Posthatch growth of the digestive system in wild and domesticated ducks.

1. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that domestication and artificial selection have influenced the posthatch growth and functioning of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of ducks. The mass and length of the GI tract organs, the growth of intestinal villi, the intestinal surface area and the activities of brush border digestive enzymes were measured in a commercial strain of Pekin duck and its wild ancestor, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), at regular intervals between hatch and 16 weeks of age. 2. The growth of the digestive organs, with respect to body mass, was described using allometry. Allometric mass exponents were then used to calculate body 'mass-corrected', or 'relative' organ masses, relative surface areas and relative enzyme activities. There were appreciable differences between data presented on a mass-specific (g/kg) and a mass-corrected (g/kg(b)) basis, which highlighted the importance of correcting for the complete effects of body mass when comparing the growth and function of the digestive system between strains. 3. While the process of domestication has induced major changes in the absolute characteristics of the GI tract, it has failed to have the same effect on the relative characteristics. During the first 2 weeks posthatch, the relative masses of the majority of digestive organs, and the GI tract as a whole, were the same in both strains. During weeks 3 to 5, domesticated ducks maintained higher absolute growth rates of the body and the GI tract, with the support of relatively smaller digestive organs. The relative masses of the small intestine and the GI tract as a whole were 45 and 66% higher respectively in mallards than in Pekin ducks during this period. 4. Domesticated ducks had elevated digestive enzyme activity and a greater absorptive surface area than mallards throughout development, both in absolute and relative terms. This appears to compensate for the failure of the relative masses of digestive organs in domesticated ducks to accompany the increased body mass and growth rate. 5. At 5 weeks posthatch, the absolute mass of the small intestine in domesticated ducks declined by 38%. There is no obvious explanation for this decline because the masses of other digestive organs, daily feed intake and body mass continued to rise.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Performances of mesophilic anaerobic digestion systems treating poultry mortalities.

A closed-loop anaerobic digestion system consisting of a leachbed (LB) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was tested as an alternative for the disposal of poultry mortalities. This paper compares the performances of three LB-UASB treatment systems with different initial moisture contents in the LBs. Each LB was loaded with one chicken and 5, 10 or 18 liters of water. The LBs initially carried out he hydrolysis/acidification phase while the UASBs the methanogenesis phase. Due to repeated inoculation by the UASBs, the LBs with 10 and 18 liters of water started producing methane on day 5, while the one with 5 liters of water on day 19. However, methane production rates were low before day 40 for the LB with 10 liters of water and day 60 for the other LBs. Methane production gradually improved as the LBs continued to receive ungranulated sludge from the UASBs. The LBs eventually became balanced methane reactors. Continued balanced fermentation in the LBs resulted in leachates with very low substrate concentrations that could no longer support high-rate methanogenesis in the UASBs. Consequently, methane production rates from the UASBs decreased quickly while that from the LBs reached peak levels. Cumulative methane production from each LB eventually exceeded that from its connecting UASB. After 118 days of digestion, 414, 437 and 470 liters of methane were produced from the three systems, respectively. Cumulative methane production from the LBs with 5 and 18 liters of water accounted for 63% of the total methane produced from their respective systems. The LB with 10 liters of water produced 75% of the total methane from that system. Methane yields ranged from 0.485 to 0.554 m3 (Kg TS)-1. About 86% of the initial dry weight was biodegraded. All three systems performed very well with little operational problems. Overall, the systems that started with 10 liters of water in the LB performed the best. Strategy for enhancing system performances and implementing farm applications are discussed.

Anaerobiosis↗