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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Canine leptospirosis in Detroit.

Among 433 stray dogs in Detroit, Michigan, surveyed for leptospiral agglutinins, 164 (37.8%) had significant titers to 1 or more leptospiral serotypes; from 123 suburban stray dogs tested, 23 (18.7%) had significant titers. The use of 2-mercaptoethanol on positive serum samples was helpful in identifying acute from chronic phase titers. Cross-reaction patterns also were clarified by the use of 2-mercaptoethanol. Cultural isolation of leptospires from dog urine was unsuccessful unless the urine had a pH from 6.6 to 8.0. Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize dog's urine resulted in the isolation of leptospires from dogs usually voiding acidic urine. Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common serotype in this dog population by serologic techniques and was the only one isolated in culture.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventive oral health behaviors among Detroit-area residents.

PURPOSE: It has been recommended that adults brush and floss their teeth daily and have periodic oral health checkups. A study was conducted to determine if those recommendations are followed. METHODS: Data were collected during face-to-face interviews with a probability sample of 662 dentate adults residing in the Detroit metropolitan area from August to November 1989. Participants were asked how frequently they brushed, flossed, and had checkups. They were also asked about the thoroughness with which they brushed and flossed, and about the advantages and disadvantages of all three behaviors. Descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS: The response rate was 72%. While 97% of subjects reported brushing at least once a day and 32% reported flossing at least once a day, 13% indicated they did not brush all teeth or all parts of teeth, and one-third of those who said they flossed daily did not floss all teeth. Seventy-three percent of respondents reported getting dental checkups at least once a year. For brushing, insufficient thoroughness was more commonly a problem than insufficient frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Patient education efforts related to brushing will probably be more effective if they focus on thoroughness rather than frequency. Interventions to increase flossing should probably focus on overcoming skill deficits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Frequency of Sarcocystis spp in Detroit, metropolitan area, Michigan.

A survey of Sarcocystis spp in feral animals and in domesticated animals slaughtered in Detroit, MI, was undertaken during a 6-month period, April to September, 1973, using histologic and digestion diagnostic techniques. Results indicated 75.3% of 789 sheep and 10.8% of 306 lambs were infected. Infection in young and adult sheep was low in April (0% of 78 lambs and 6.7% of 62 adult sheep), but increased in July (24% of 90 lambs and 94.1% of 201 adult sheep). High frequency of Sarcocystis in summer seems to be an epizootiologic feature of this parasite in sheep. Frequency of macroscopic cysts in sheep increased from 0 in April to 14.5% in September. During July and August, infection rates for 100 cattle and 55 pigs older than 1 year were 62 and 12.7%, respectively, but none of 55 calves and 48 pigs less than 1 year were infected. Sheep were more heavily infected than other animals examimpned. Sarcocystis spp were also found in opossum (Didelphis virginiana), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and grackle (Quiscalus quiscula). This is believed to be the first record of a Sarcocystis sp in the raccoon.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Drug resistance in Detroit River gram-negative bacilli.

Detroit River Gram-negative bacilli were examined for resistance to agents of interest to public health. The total recoverable population and the lactose-fermenting organisms existed at approximately 10(5) and 10(2) colony forming units per litre, respectively. Lactose-nonfermenting and lactose-fermenting isolates demonstrated resistance to six and four of nine antimicrobial agents, respectively, when tested by a paper disc procedure. Multiple resistance in lactose-nonfermenting organisms included up to five agents. Lactose-fermenting isolates produced multiple resistance to two antibiotics. Only 7% of antibiotic resistance strains were proven to contain plasmids. Biochemical testing indicated that the most common group of resistant bacteria was Pseudomonas fluorescens. Comparison of protein profiles produced by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that there was variation between P. fluorescens strains demonstrating the same multiple resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Recruiting black men to a clinical trial to evaluate prostate cancer screening--Detroit, Michigan, 1998.

In 1998, an estimated 184,500 cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed and approximately 39,200 men will die from this disease (1). Black men have higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates than white men (2). Representation of blacks in clinical trials that investigate the treatment of cancer is proportional to the burden of this disease in the black population (3). However, blacks have generally been underrepresented in clinical trials of preventive interventions (4). To determine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the enrollment of black men in a trial that includes screening for prostate cancer, the African American Men (AAMEN) project in Detroit, Michigan, analyzed data from local recruitment efforts. This report summarizes preliminary results of this analysis, which indicate that SES was not an important factor in refusal to participate in the screening trial.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1991

The Occupational Cancer Incidence Surveillance Study (OCISS): risk of lung cancer by usual occupation and industry in the Detroit metropolitan area.

This case-referent study assesses occupational risk factors associated with lung cancer, utilizing colon and rectum cancer referents. Complete occupational and tobacco use histories were obtained by telephone interview for 5,935 incident lung cancer cases and 3,956 incident colon and rectum cancer referents. The analysis included 43 usual occupational groups and 48 usual industry groups comprised of at least 10 cases. Among all cases, there were significant elevated risks for excavating and mining workers (OR = 4.01), furnace workers (OR = 3.11), armed services personnel (OR = 3.10), agricultural workers (OR = 2.05), driver sales (OR = 2.21), mechanics (OR = 1.72), painters (OR = 1.96), and drivers (OR = 1.88). Industries with significant elevated lung cancer risk included farming (OR = 2.21), mining (OR = 2.98), and primary ferrous metals manufacturing (OR = 2.43). Analyses of white and black men separately revealed that the excess of lung cancer among mechanics is restricted to black males (OR = 4.16). The risk of lung cancer among armed services personnel is higher among black men (OR = 10.54) than among white men (OR = 3.06). Five of the occupations observed more often among lung cancer cases have probable exposure to diesel exhaust.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Opportunistic fungi in Detroit's rats and opossum.

Four Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and one opossum (Didelphis virginiana) were surveyed for the presence of fungi. Eighteen different fungi were isolated from rat samples and six from the opossum, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Hair and skin scrapings from laboratory raised Norway rats, bedding and air from the room yielded only Penicillium sp.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Racial disparities in treatment and survival of women with stage I-III breast cancer at a large academic medical center in metropolitan Detroit.

African-American (AA) women with breast cancer have higher mortality rates than Caucasian woman, and some studies have suggested that this disparity may be partly explained by unequal access to medical care. The purpose of this study was to analyze racial differences in patterns and costs of care and survival among women treated for invasive breast cancer at a large academic medical center. Subjects included 331 AA and 257 Caucasian women diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 1994 and 1997. Clinical, socio-demographic, and cost data were obtained from the medical record, cancer registry, and hospital financial database. Data were collected on the use of cancer directed treatments (surgery, radiation, chemo and hormonal therapy) up to 1-year post-diagnosis. Survival analyses compared disease-free and overall survival by race adjusting for age, stage, nodal involvement, ER/PR status and a diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and cerebral vascular accident. There were no significant racial differences in treatment utilization and costs. The mean total 1-year treatment costs were US 16,348 dollars for AAs and US 15,120 dollars for Caucasians. While AAs had a significantly higher unadjusted relative risk (RR) of recurrence 2.09 (95% CI: 1.41-3.10) and death 1.56 (95% CI: 1.09-2.25), the multivariate adjusted analyses resulted in no significant differences in recurrence 1.38 (95% CI: 0.85-2.26) or death 1.06 (95% CI: 0.64-1.75). There was no obvious racial disparity in treatment and costs noted. Our findings support the theory that equal treatments produce equal outcomes. Improvement in screening may have an important impact on survival among minority women with breast cancer.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2006

Differential expression of HER-2/NEU receptor of invasive mammary carcinoma between Caucasian and African American patients in the Detroit metropolitan area. Correlation with overall survival and other prognostic factors.

GOALS: HER-2/neu overexpression in invasive mammary carcinoma is associated with more aggressive biologic behavior. Breast cancer in African American (AA) women has been associated with a shorter survival rate than that seen in Caucasians (C). This study evaluated the frequency of HER-2/neu overexpression in C compared to AA patients and the association of HER-2/neu expression with overall survival and other prognostic factors. METHODS: A retrospective review of the SEER data of Karmanos Cancer Institute for patients with invasive mammary carcinoma was conducted between 1998 and 2001. Pathology reports and pathology slides were obtained for those patients with missing data. Available data and material on 608 patients were found. The median follow-up interval was 35 months with a range of 1-91 months. 46.7% of the study population was C while 53.3% was AA. The differential of HER-2/neu expression in C and AA was evaluated. The association of HER-2/neu expression and other prognostic factors with overall survival was carried out by univariate and multivariable analyses using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. PRINCIPLE RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in HER-2/neu expression between C and AA patients. Overexpression of HER-2/neu did not correlate with decreased overall survival in this analysis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer HER-2/neu expression in AA patients is not statistically different from that of Caucasians. HER-2/neu expression is not associated with overall survival. Among the other prognostic factors analyzed, ER status and histologic grade were not statistically significant.

Adult↗