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PubMed2004

[Length of hospital stay, mortality and destination after discharge of stroke patients].

Stroke remains an important cause of death, hospitalisation and chronic disability in developed populations. This study aimed to evaluate patients characteristics at admission that relate to length of hospital stay, mortality and destination of stroke patients. We studied 255 consecutive stroke patients admitted to internal medicine wards of Hospital São João, Porto. In-hospital mortality was 5.5%. In a multivariate analysis, we found male sex, paralysis in affected limb and intracerebral haemorrhage as significantly associated with longer hospitalisation. None of the studied characteristics was found to be independently associated with mortality. Previously living at an institution was significantly associated with discharge to an institution. This study showed that admission characteristics may provide relevant information to assess short term prognosis and to identify patients with special difficulties and needs.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Gene transfection efficiency and destination of recombinant adenovirus gene transfer through internal jugular vein injection in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adenovirus-mediated LacZ gene expression and the destination in different organs of SD rats after the intravenous injection in rats. METHODS: Recombinant adenovirus vector containing LacZ was transferred to SD rats by injecting into the internal jugular vein. To identify the sites and periods of LacZ gene expression, X-gal staining was used to detect beta-gal level and period of LacZ gene expression of different organs in the transfected and non-transfected rats at different time intervals. RESULTS: On the 1st day after the injection, the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen expressed some beta-gal; on the 3rd day after the injection, the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen expressed beta-gal obviously; their peak levels were on the 7th day; the beta-gal level decreased on the 14th day; beta-gal expression disappeared in the most organs except the lungs on the 28th day. In all animals, the brain did not express any beta-gal. CONCLUSION: The adenovirus-mediated exogenous gene transfer in the internal jugular vein may be an effective approach of gene therapy in some diseases in the lung, liver, and kidney.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2006

Development of an inhibition ELISA test for the detection of non-capsid polyprotein 3ABC in viral suspensions destined for inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.

The use during the last decade of immuno-enzymatic tests based on the detection of antibodies to the non-capsid proteins (NCPs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to assess viral circulation, irrespective of vaccination, supported the incorporation into the OIE code of the 'free from FMDV with vaccination' category and opened the way to a 'vaccination to live' policy. Eradication programmes in South America include systematic vaccination accompanied by large serosurveys through NCP antibody testing to ensure the absence of residual viral activity. For correct interpretation of serosurveys, a major prerequisite is that vaccines made of semi-purified preparations of inactivated virions do not contain levels of NCPs, which upon proper presentation conditions, could induce an antibody response under the conditions for field immunization. This work describes the development of an inhibition ELISA to detect NCP polyprotein 3ABC in viral suspensions destined for vaccine production as an in-process control during vaccine manufacture. Antibody responses against NCP 3ABC in vaccinated and revaccinated cattle, induced by vaccines with different purification processes and formulations, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

In vitro testing method of polymers candidate destined for contact with blood.

Research aiming at obtaining athromobogenic biomaterials destined for contact with blood have been the subject of interdisciplinary studies carried out since 1980. When testing candidate materials, it is advisable that preliminary classification as well as elimination of materials not conforming to the requirements of athromobogenesis should be performed. Practicable laboratory methods were selected facilitating in vitro evaluation of materials of modified surface and conforming to the definite requirements. The testing of candidate materials of athromobogenic properties comprises basic research methods enabling instantaneous classification. The applied experimental model comprises the following: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thromboelastography (TEG), formula: [see text] examining clotting systems by determining calcium, cephalincalcium times as well as the amount of blood platelets, biochemical examination. Application of the above-mentioned methods enables objective preliminary evaluation of candidate materials that may be applied in obtaining implantation products and medical appliances for the contact with blood.

Blood↗
PubMed1985

A synthetic signal peptide blocks import of precursor proteins destined for the mitochondrial inner membrane or matrix.

A peptide corresponding to amino acids 1-27 of preornithine carbamyltransferase (pOCT) has been chemically synthesized. When added to energized mitochondria in vitro, 20 microM of the peptide, designated pO(1-27), resulted in a collapse of the electrochemical potential across the mitochondrial inner membrane. This effect on transmembrane potential was not observed, however, when pO(1-27) was added to energized mitochondria under conditions that support in vitro import of precursor proteins (i.e. in the presence of reticulocyte lysate). The latter finding, therefore, made possible an examination of the ability of pO(1-27) to block import of homologous and heterologous proteins into the organelle. At 5-10 microM, pO(1-27) prevented import of pOCT in vitro; inhibition was overcome by increasing the concentration of pOCT. In contrast, pO(16-27), a peptide corresponding to amino acids 16-27 of pOCT and exhibiting a charge:mass ratio similar to pO(1-27) had no such inhibitory effect. pO(1-27) blocked import of other unrelated precursor proteins destined either for the mitochondrial matrix (pre-malate dehydrogenase and a hybrid protein containing the signal sequence of pre-carbamyl phosphate synthetase) or for the mitochondrial inner membrane (pre-thermogenin).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into mesenchymal limb-bud cells destined to die: relationship to polydactyly induction in rats.

The thymidine analogue, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR), given at the proper dose and time to pregnant rats produces preaxial hindlimb polydactyly in a high proportion of near term foetuses. The lack of physiological cell death in an area of preaxial mesenchyme known as the foyer primaire preaxial (fpp) is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of this defect. This study addresses the question of whether BUdR's well-known antidifferentiative effects, which are due in some way to drug incorporation into DNA, are operative in this in vivo system. The dose and temporal response of BUdR for the induction of preaxial polydactyly inversely parallels the frequency of embryonic hindlimbs with an fpp. Incorporation of BUdR into degenerative fragments within the fpp of these treated limbs is demonstrated with indirect immunofluorescence using an antibody to bromouridine. Hindlimbs exposed to a threshold dose of BUdR at the optimal time for producing polydactyly have incorporated the drug into degenerative fragments within the fpp. This suggests that a higher, teratogenic dose of BUdR might likewise be incorporated. The resulting higher level of incorporation presumably alters the normal course of terminal differentiation for these cells originally destined to die. Teratogenic doses of BUdR injected at later than the optimal time are also incorporated into dead cell fragments within the fpp, suggesting that presumptive dead cells have additional rounds of DNA synthesis which are BUdR-insensitive. Approximately 12 h prior to overt death presumptive fpp cells no longer incorporate the drug. Results reported support the hypothesis that incorporation of teratogenic levels of BUdR prevent cell death in the fpp. The extra cells are thought to contribute directly or indirectly to the added digit. Contrary to other views, it is suggested that BUdR-induced teratogenesis can be a result of the drug's antidifferentiative effects on specific, 'sensitive', populations of cells.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

[Relations between the "dispatch station" and the "destination station" in the formation of pathological reactions].

Experiments on rabbits with electrodes chronically implanted into the cortex and deep brain structures were made to examine the changes that occur during epileptiform reactions induced by electric stimulation of the motor cortex. Formation of different epileptiform reactions, seizures and hyperkineses was dependent on the current intensity and regimen. It is suggested that the development of stable chronic changes on the electrogram and in the animals' behavior in the course of a direct action on the "dispatch" and "destination" stations may be a consequence of the functioning of the determinant "dispatch" station and formation of the pathological system.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Branches of the vagus nerve destined for the heart and the adjoining great vessels in the house shrew, Suncus murinus, with reference to the terminology of the vagal cardiac branches.

In order to help to organize the understanding of the bewildering complexities of the innervation of the mammalian heart by the vagus nerve and to clear up of confusions as regards the vagus cardiac branches, we scrutinized these branches in the adult house shrew, Suncus murinus, under a stereomicroscope. A number of branches were given off from the vagus nerve not only to the heart, but also to the adjoining great vessels, both outflowing and inflowing. When compared from the developmental viewpoint, the basic conformations of these branches on two sides were found not to differ from each other, but rather presented a symmetrical configuration, the feature which has been ascertained also in mammalian embryos. Relying on developmental criteria, we classified them into the arterial porta-related and the venous porta-related groups, formulating a new terminology by naming them on the basis of their destination. This version of terminology allowed us to define the vagus cardiac branches of the house shrew more accurately than the current terminology (e.g., Nomina Anatomica), and seems to provide us a clue for clearing up confusions concerning the terminology of the vagus cardiac branches in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Stay or leave? Individual choice and family logic: the destinations of children born in the Valserine Valley (French Jura) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

"To study inheritance, it is necessary in the first place to know the number of heirs in each family, how property was divided between them, and whether their inheritance was sufficient to enable them to maintain and support several children in the parish. This study examines the process by which the populations of the parishes of Valserine Valley in France reproduce themselves from one generation to the next, by means of examining the ¿effective' progeny of couples to determine how many of them produce children (heirs) who continue to live in the Valley. The ultimate goal of these researches is to establish the characteristics of those who leave the Valley, and how these differ from those who choose to stay. The article examines whether it is possible to discern a family strategy in the way these decisions are made, and whether behavior of the persons in question is determined by individual choice."

Behavior↗
PubMed1998

South African asbestos: production, exports, and destinations, 1959-1993.

Production and export figures of South African asbestos were analyzed over 1959-1993. They show stable sales of chrysotile. Those of crocidolite and amosite reached their peaks in the mid-1970s, after which trade fell drastically, crocidolite to 5% of its earlier peak and amosite to nil. Factors responsible for these virtual collapses were health issues, stricter legislation in First World countries, and litigation. In 1992, 21 countries continued to import crocidolite, although in reduced quantities. In the early 1960s, Europe and North America were the major recipients of South African asbestos. By 1989-91, these regions were surpassed by the Far East, which took over 90% of chrysotile and 70% of amosite. For crocidolite at that time, the Middle East took nearly 40%, Europe 28%, and Africa 21%. This implies that the newly importing countries can confidently expect an increase in asbestos-related disease and death well into the twenty-first century, even if the trade ceased now.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1998

In vivo gap repair in Drosophila: a one-way street with many destinations.

While it has long been possible to study the process of recombination in yeast and other single-celled organisms, it has been difficult to distinguish between pathways of meiotic and mitotic recombination in multicellular eukaryotes. The experimental system described here bridges the historically separated fields of Genetic Recombination and DNA Repair in Drosophila. It is now feasible to study the repair of unique double-strand breaks induced in the Drosophila genome by the excision of a P-transposable element or by cleavage at an introduced endonuclease recognition sequence. This repair can be studied in both somatic cells and mitotically dividing germ cells. The repair of these breaks occurs mainly by copying sequence from a template located anywhere in the karyoplasm, and occurs in both male and female flies. This system, which was the first of its kind in metazoan organisms, is now being used for gene targeting in Drosophila. This review summarizes results that provide new insights into the process of gap repair in Drosophila and outline some recent experiments that demonstrate the power of the gene targeting technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Acquired coronary cameral fistulas: are these collaterals losing their destination?

BACKGROUND: The majority of coronary cameral fistulas (CCFs) are congenital in origin. On the other hand, acquired coronary cameral fistulas, having various etiopathogenic origins, are increasingly recognized. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the possible involvement of coronary atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of acquired coronary cameral fistulas. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1996 coronary cameral fistulas were detected in seven adults patients with coronary atherosclerosis (n = 4) and following myocardial infarction (n = 3) with a mean age of 59.3 years (range 40-77). They were analyzed at our hospital. RESULTS: Myocardial infarction (MI) was documented in six patients and was localized at the same territory of the fistula-related artery in three of them. All patients remained asymptomatic after the detection of the fistula. Five patients had associated cardiac disorders. Two patients were treated conservatively with medical therapy. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed in three patients. One patient died while awaiting CABG. Thirty-four adult cases with acquired CCFs were collected from the current literature. The right coronary artery was the origin of the fistula in 37% and they terminated into the right heart-side in 72% of cases. They remained asymptomatic in 62% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that acquired CCFs may complicate the course of severe atherosclerosis or myocardial infarction in certain adult patients. The symptomatology and treatment strategy is comparable in the congenital and acquired types. The distribution of involvement of the right or left coronary arteries is equally divided in both the acquired and congenital types. Further studies are needed to investigate the precipitating factors for the occurrence of and incidence of acquired CCFs in patients with severe atherosclerosis or post-MI subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the lymphocytes of sheep. III. Destination of lymph-borne immunoblasts in relation to their tissue of origin.

Lymph-borne immunoblasts were labeled in vitro with 125I[]iodo-deoxy-uridine, washed and returned by intravenous injection to the sheep from which they had been collected. Twenty h later the sheep were killed and the distribution of the immunoblasts was determined by assaying the radioactivity in various organs. Immunoblasts from the efferent lymph of peripheral somatic lymph nodes (PSLN) went mainly to the spleen, lungs and other PSLN, while immunoblasts from intestinal lymph went mainly to the small gut. This ability of intestinal immunoblasts to home to the gut was demonstrated also in the sterile environment of fetuses in utero; apparently the migratory behavior of immunoblasts, like that of small lymphocytes, is not primarily "antigen-driven". A technique was devised for the collection of peripheral (i.e. afferent to the mesenteric node) intestinal lymph which was found to contain 10-20 times the numbers of small lymphocytes that occur in the peripheral lymph from other tissues. Immunoblasts from peripheral intestinal lymph also homed to the gut. The immunoglobulin content of immunoblasts was studied by making detergent extracts of lymph cells, by applying immuno-peroxidase techniques to cell films and by investigating the incorporation of 14C-labeled amino acids into immunoglobulins by immunoblasts in vitro. Immunoblasts from both somatic and intestinal lymph contained and made IgG and IgM, but many intestinal immunoblasts contained and made IgA. It is not known whether this immunoglobulin mediates the extravasation of immunoblasts into the gut. Nonetheless, there is compelling evidence that there are two major migratory pathways for lymphoid cells; one through the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the other through the somatic-splenic lymphoid tissues.

Animals↗