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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effects of desensitizing agents on human dentin permeability.

PURPOSE: To compare the in vitro effects of three desensitizing agents on hydraulic conductance of human dentin: Protect (n = 10), Gluma Desensitizer (n = 10), MS Coat (n = 10) (Pain-Free in the USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin discs were prepared from 40 freshly extracted normal human third molars. The pulpal side of the dentin discs was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s and then rinsed under tap water. The coronal side was sequentially ground and the dentin discs were sonicated for 30 min. The hydraulic conductance was measured filtering 20% serum in phosphate buffered saline under a pressure of 15 cm H2O. The hydraulic conductance of each dentin specimen was measured before using the desensitizing agent and this value was designated as 100%. Thirty dentin discs were treated, the hydraulic conductance was remeasured and expressed as a percentage of the hydraulic conductance of that specimen before treatment. The teeth were stored for 1 month at 37 degrees C in deionized water and the hydraulic conductance of the 40 dentin discs was recorded again. Ten dentin discs were left untreated to serve as a control. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between the immediate hydraulic conductance of the three groups after treatment. After 1-month storage, the control group showed a statistically higher hydraulic conductance than the three treated groups. There was no statistical difference between the three dentin desensitizing agents evaluated.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1999

Clinical effectiveness of a Class V flowable composite resin system.

This clinical study evaluated a Class V flowable composite resin restoration system and its ability to reduce dentin sensitivity. Twenty-one patients required Class V restorations because of erosion, abrasion, or decay at the cervical area. Each patient exhibited moderate or severe sensitivity and required replacement of tooth structure. The degree of sensitivity was determined by either tactile scraping of the tip of an explorer over the surface of the tooth or by an air blast from a syringe for 5 seconds. A total of 52 restorations were performed. According to phone conversations and questionnaires, 1 patient experienced continued sensitivity on 1 treated tooth for a duration of 1 week, but this sensitivity was gone at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year recalls. None of the other patients exhibited sensitivity at any phone checks or during recall visits.

Composite Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of tooth preparation on pressure measured in the pulp chamber: a laboratory study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine pressure changes in the pulp space during tooth preparation with either diamond or tungsten carbide burs in a high-speed dental handpiece in the laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty premolar teeth were collected and randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 received preparation with diamond burs and group 2 with tungsten carbide burs. The teeth were mounted on a pressure transducer and the pulp chambers were filled with saline. A 0.1-mm thickness of tooth tissue was removed from the proximal surface of each tooth, alternating dry and wet cutting, until the pulp chamber was exposed. Pressure and temperature changes were recorded during tooth preparation. RESULTS: At 0 to 1 mm of remaining dentin depth dry cutting with diamond and tungsten carbide burs generated a mean positive pulpal pressure of 12 kPa and 6 kPa, respectively. Wet cutting under the same conditions produced 0.6 kPa and 0.15 kPa, respectively. The difference between wet and dry cutting was highly significant (P < 0.001). Diamond burs produced significantly higher pressure increases than carbide burs at all levels for both wet and dry techniques (P < 0.05). When cutting farther than 2 mm from the pulp, tooth preparation created a mean 0.09-kPa pressure increase, which was not influenced by either coolant use or bur type. The temperature change was minimal during wet cutting and only minor temperature increases were recorded during dry cutting. CONCLUSION: From this laboratory study it is concluded that significant pressure changes occur in the pulp chamber during tooth preparation of extracted teeth when the remaining dentin thickness is less than 2 mm.

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulp-dentin biology in restorative dentistry. Part 2: initial reactions to preparation of teeth for restorative procedures.

Pulpal complications involving inflammation, degradation, and necrosis are the result of a series of traumatic injuries. The restorative dentist must minimize the trauma to dentin and pulp inflicted during clinical procedures, including that inflicted during tooth preparation. Part 11 of this series discusses the structural and physiologic changes in the pulp-dentin complex that result from crown and cavity preparation and the clinical implication of these changes.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2001

The use of oxalate to reduce dentin permeability under adhesive restorations.

PURPOSE: To test a novel approach to reducing dentin permeability that localizes occlusion of dentin tubules by calcium oxalate crystals to the subsurface without lowering resin bond strengths to oxalate-treated dentin surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat dentin surfaces of extracted human third molars were etched with a mass fraction of 32% phosphoric acid (Bisco) for 15 s and rinsed. Half of the surface was treated with a potassium oxalate gel (mass fraction of 3% monopotassium monohydrogen oxalate) for 2 mins. The entire surface was then moist bonded with either One Step (OS) or Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SB) adhesive systems. A resin-based composite (Z-100) buildup was made over the entire surface. After storage for 24 hrs in distilled water, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned to separate the oxalate-treated half from the untreated (control) half. Each half was serially sectioned into several 0.7 mm thick slabs which were then trimmed to an hour-glass shape to reduce the bonded area to approximately 0.8 mm2 and tested in tension. Pre- and post-treatment hydraulic conductance (Lp) of dentin was determined using dentin discs with a standard protocol. SEM images were obtained to examine the effects of treatment both on the dentin surface and along the tubules beneath the surface. The bonded interface was also examined by SEM. RESULTS: Treating etched dentin discs with the oxalate gel caused significant reduction of the Lp of dentin (80% reduction, P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between bond strengths of oxalate-treated and untreated surfaces for either adhesive system. OS resulted in a bond strength of 25.8 +/- 9.2 MPa to untreated and 27.8 +/- 8.9 MPa to oxalate treated surfaces (P > 0.05). SB showed bond strengths of 22.9 +/- 7.9 MPa and 22.9 +/- 9.6 MPa to untreated and treated surfaces, respectively (P > 0.05). SEM images showed that the application of potassium oxalate gel on etched dentin resulted in the formation of crystals inside the tubules rather than on the surface. Examination of the bonded interfaces demonstrated that the crystal formation inside the tubules did not compromise the formation of a typical hybrid layer on the top of dentin surfaces. Resin monomers penetrated into the tubules filling the spaces around the crystals forming resin tags with a jagged-like feature.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulp-dentin biology in restorative dentistry. Part 5: Clinical management and tissue changes associated with wear and trauma.

Tooth wear occurs during normal mastication. Pathologic wear, including abrasion and erosion, may also take place. Formation of reactionary and reparative dentin and obturation of dentinal tubules are biologic responses that compensate for the loss of tissue. Physical trauma to teeth will affect the blood supply to the pulp. Extensive physical trauma may result in the formation of mineralized, often bonelike tissue in the pulp chamber. Minor trauma, such as that associated with orthodontic tooth movement, may exert transient effects on the pulp or it may result in permanent structural changes. No experimental data involving restorative work on traumatized teeth have been published, but available evidence suggests that special care may be necessary in the restoration of such teeth because their reaction patterns may differ from those in nontraumatized teeth.

Dental Deposits↗
PubMed2001

Clinical dentin hypersensitivity: understanding the causes and prescribing a treatment.

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common condition of transient tooth pain associated with a variety of exogenous stimuli. There is substantial variation in the response to such stimuli from one person to another. Except for sensitivity associated with tooth bleaching or other tooth pathology, the clinical cause of dentin hypersensitivity is exposed dentinal tubules as a result of gingival recession and subsequent loss of cementum on root surfaces. The most widely accepted theory of how the pain occurs is Brännström's hydrodynamic theory of dentin hypersensitivity. Dentinal hypersensitivity must be differentiated from other conditions that may cause sensitive teeth prior to treatment. Three principal treatment strategies are used. Dentinal tubules can be covered by gingival grafts or dental restorations. The tubules can be plugged using compounds that can precipitate together into a large enough mass to occlude the tubules. The third strategy is to desensitize the nerve tissue within the tubules using potassium nitrate. Several over-the-counter products are available to patients to treat this condition.

Dental Cementum↗
PubMed2002

Efficiency and cytotoxicity of resin-based desensitizing agents.

PURPOSE: To compare in vitro the efficacy of five resin-based desensitizing agents at reducing human dentin permeability and to compare their cytotoxicity. The tested hypothesis was that their different curing techniques cause variations in efficiency and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin slices (0.5 +/- 0.05 mm thick) were prepared from human third molars (10 per group) and their hydraulic conductance was recorded before and after application of one of the desensitizing agents with a Flodec device. Six desensitizing agents were studied: one light curing agent (Seal and Protect); one self-curing agent (Pain Free); the resin-based agents without any polymerization initiator (Health-Dent, Gluma Desensitizer, Isodan); one oxalate-based agent served as a control (Protect). A MTT assay on L 929 fibroblasts was performed to measure the cytotoxicity of the six desensitizing agents applied onto additional dentin slices (10 per group). RESULTS: All the desensitizing agents resulted in a large decrease in dentin permeability. The best results were obtained with Gluma Desensitizer, Isodan, Pain Free and Protect. A statistically significant difference was found among the materials (P = 0.001). All the materials were non-cytotoxic. Cell viability ranged from 88% for Seal and Protect to 100% for Isodan. No difference was found among their cytotoxicity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Clinical evaluation of the role of glutardialdehyde in a one-bottle adhesive.

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinically whether the addition of glutardialdehyde to the one-bottle enamel-dentin adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond (GCB) has a desensitizing function, as insinuated by the brand name Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two pain studies following identical protocols were conducted in Abu Dhabi (A) and Bologna (B). Each of the 60 and 59 patients selected, respectively, had two sensitive cervical tooth sites, characterized by a score three or higher on a five-step pain scale: 1 (no), 2 (slight), 3 (mild), 4 (severe), 5 (very severe) discomfort upon application of a 2-second cold air stimulus. The buccal sensitive sites treated in A were generally small, in B larger and in most cases extending into the proximal tooth area. The patients indicated their discomfort level according to the pain scale prior to and immediately after topical application of GCB and GCB+D, respectively, and then at recalls after 1 week, 1 (A) or 3 (B) months, and 6 months. The data was statistically analyzed by chi2-tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: With the cumulative scores 1 and 2, the following percentage success rates were found for GCB/GCB+D. A: postoperatively 93/98, 1 week and 1 month 98/98, and at 6 months 92/100. In B, the respective decrease in sensitivity was uniformly 43/100 throughout the entire evaluation period, postoperatively through 6 months. The 33 teeth (57%) of GCB with scores 3 and 4 in the B-study received a rescue treatment with Gluma Desensitizer immediately after the 1 week recall. This regimen reduced the sensitivity instantaneously to scores 1 and 2 until the end of the evaluation after 6 months. In the A-study, GCB+D was significantly more effective than GCB after 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months, in the B-study at all recall sessions. It is hypothesized that a thin film of adhesive applied to a sensitive area may not polymerize and seal the dentin surface adequately due to oxygen inhibition. In particular, proximal sensitive tooth sites with poor access for adhesive application are suspected to remain inadequately sealed with a polymer film and thus sensitive. In this latter case however, glutardialdehyde as a component of the adhesive compound will result in coagulation of peripheral tubular liquid protein and thus desensitization, due to hampering of the liquid shift across the tubules upon excitation of a cold stimulus. In conclusion, glutardialdehyde played an active and effective role as a desensitizing agent, when added to the ethanol-water based one-bottle adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity.

These consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity were developed by a broadly constituted board of dentists and dental hygienists drawn from general dental practice, specialist practice, academia and research from across Canada, joined by 2 international dentists with subject matter expertise. The need for consensus recommendations was made evident by the lack of clear and robust evidence in the dental literature, as well as confusion about diagnosis and management demonstrated by an educational needs assessment survey. High prevalence of the condition, underdiagnosis and widespread availability of noninvasive, efficacious and inexpensive preventive treatment further underscored the need for direction. This paper outlines the key elements of the scientific basis for the causes, diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity; where such evidence is deficient, the document relies on the compound experience of the board. A simple algorithm was developed to guide clinicians through the diagnostic process and assist them in determining appropriate case management. Finally, the board makes a series of recommendations to raise awareness, to improve dental education, to develop symbols for charting, to develop an index for case assessment and for further research.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Effect of desensitizing agents on dentin permeability and dentin tubule occlusion.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate: 1) the effect of five dentin desensitizing agents (DDAs) on permeability using hydraulic conductance, and 2) morphological tubule changes with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The agents tested were Seal & Protect, Gluma Desensitizer, HurriSeal, D/Sense 2, and Super Seal. Thirty extracted human molars were sectioned into 1-mm mid-coronal dentin disks. Dentin permeability was measured at baseline and after treatment using bovine serum and phosphate-buffered saline at 10 psi. Treatments were applied to the occlusal surfaces of dentin according to the manufacturer's instructions. Representatives from each group were selected for SEM observation. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparisons were used to evaluate differences between groups. RESULTS: Mean percent reduction in dentin permeability for each group: SuperSeal = 97.5 +/- 4.0, HurriSeal = 54.2 +/- 35.3, D/Sense 2 = 46.6 +/- 20.4, Gluma Desensitizer = 39.6 +/- 26.7, and Seal & Protect = 33.8 +/- 19.4. The data provided strong evidence of differences in permeability reduction among the agents (p < 0.01). Pairwise comparisons of means demonstrated that the effects of SuperSeal differed significantly from the reductions achieved using Seal & Protect, Gluma Desensitizer, and D/Sense 2. Differences in the degree and content of dentinal tubule occlusion were seen among all DDAs under SEM. CONCLUSION: Of the materials included in this in vitro study, SuperSeal may be the most beneficial when treating dentin sensitivity. The wide range of results may reflect the various approaches and chemistries used to occlude tubules.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Dentin permeability and eugenol diffusion after full crown preparation.

PURPOSE: To compare teeth prepared to receive a metallic versus a metal-ceramic crown with respect to (1) in vitro dentin permeability before and after using a desensitizing agent and (2) pulpal eugenol concentration after sealing a temporary crown with a zinc oxide-eugenol based cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The roots of 20 human mandibular molars were separated and the crowns were prepared to receive a metallic crown. The hydraulic conductance was recorded before and after using Protect dentin desensitizer. The crowns were then further reduced to receive a metal-ceramic crown and the hydraulic conductance was recorded under the same conditions, on deeper dentin, before and after using the desensitizing agent. Twenty additional teeth were prepared: 10 to receive a metallic crown and 10 teeth to receive a metal-ceramic crown. A tube filled with 1 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was sealed to the cementoenamel junction. A temporary crown was sealed onto the preparation with Temp Bond. The amount of eugenol that diffused across dentin into PBS was spectrofluorimetrically measured at Day 1 and Day 7. The crown preparations were vertically sectioned and the dentin remaining thickness was recorded. RESULTS: The hydraulic conductance of teeth prepared for a metal-ceramic crown was twice as high as teeth prepared for a metallic crown (P < 0.001). The desensitizing agent reduced the hydraulic conductance in both groups (P< 0.001). The two groups showed the same hydraulic conductance after using Protect (ns). No significant difference was found in the amount of eugenol diffusion between the two groups of teeth although eugenol diffusion decreased with time (P < 0.01). No correlation was found between eugenol diffusion and remaining dentin thickness.

Analysis of Variance↗