[Complex processing of bibliographic records using database applications].
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Databases, Bibliographic↗
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NetMenu: experience in the implementation of an institutional menu of information sources.
NetMenu is a program, developed at Yale, which enables straightforward access to online information systems. NetMenu has been deployed in several diverse settings within our medical center. In the hospital, NetMenu is functioning as a front-end for our clinical workstation providing access to the hospital information system, the clinical laboratory computer, a drug database and several bibliographic databases. The medical libraries are utilizing NetMenu for both medical education workstations and for scholarly information workstations. This paper describes our initial experience in the implementation, support, and maintenance of NetMenu as an institutional menu of information sources.
Academic Medical Centers↗
[Bibliography search in biology and medicine: a tutorial for Medline PubMed use].
To be informed about the last publications recently published or to produce a bibliography in a given thematic field is essential for researchers in the biomedical field. If the use of Internet information searching tools such as "Google" or "Alltheweb" makes possible to discover a great part of the grey literature, bibliographic databases like Embase, Current Contents, Biosis or Medline via PubMed are essential tools to locate scientific articles. Among these bibliographic databases, Medline PubMed, thanks to its free access, is the most used. However, a correct utilization of the various functionalities proposed (thesaurus MeSH, systematization of bibliographic searches...), and consequently the quality of bibliographic researches carried out in this database, requires to master elementary knowledge which are exposed in this article.
Biology↗
Searching fee and non-fee toxicology information resources: an overview of selected databases.
Toxicology profiles organize information by broad subjects, the first of which affirms identity of the agent studied. Studies here show two non-fee databases (ChemFinder and ChemIDplus) verify the identity of compounds with high efficiency (63% and 73% respectively) with the fee-based Chemical Abstracts Registry file serving well to fill data gaps (100%). Continued searching proceeds using knowledge of structure, scope and content to select databases. Valuable sources for information are factual databases that collect data and facts in special subject areas organized in formats available for analysis or use. Some sources representative of factual files are RTECS, CCRIS, HSDB, GENE-TOX and IRIS. Numerous factual databases offer a wealth of reliable information; however, exhaustive searches probe information published in journal articles and/or technical reports with records residing in bibliographic databases such as BIOSIS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, TOXLINE and Web of Science. Listed with descriptions are numerous factual and bibliographic databases supplied by 11 producers. Given the multitude of options and resources, it is often necessary to seek service desk assistance. Questions were posed by telephone and e-mail to service desks at DIALOG, ISI, MEDLARS, Micromedex and STN International. Results of the survey are reported.
Bibliographies as Topic↗
Pharmaceutical published literature databases: a survey.
Pharmaceutical companies often maintain a bibliographic database of published articles on their products. Although such databases share the common purpose of providing the company with a centralized source of published information, the databases themselves vary in scope, uses, and technologies. In order to explore the current status of these databases, a survey was conducted in early 1995. This article provides an overview of pharmaceutical product literature databases and the results from that survey.
Databases, Bibliographic↗
Telemedicine information analysis center.
Congress mandated a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a Department of Defense (DoD) telemedicine information analysis center (TIAC). The project developed a medical information support system to show the core capabilities of a TIAC. The productivity and effectiveness of telemedicine researchers and clinical practitioners can be enhanced by the existence of an information analysis center (IACs) devoted to the collection, analysis, synthesis, and dissemination of worldwide scientific and technical information related to the field of telemedicine. The work conducted under the TIAC pilot project establishes the basic IAC functions and assesses the utility of the TIAC to the military medical departments. The pilot project capabilities are Web-based and include: (1) applying the science of classification (taxonomy) to telemedicine to identify key words; (2) creating a relational database of this taxonomy to a bibliographic database using these key words; (3) developing and disseminating information via a public TIAC Web site; (4) performing a specific baseline technical area task for the U.S. Army Medical Command; and (5) providing analyses by subject matter experts.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Is there an optimal bibliographic software product for end users?
Personal bibliographic database software is one of many products being marketed to researchers. A review of the literature reflects a growing interest in using this software in office settings. Five bibliographic database software products are compared and eight important attributes are identified. We report experience in user training and in providing support by offering discounts on software sold through the library to patrons.
Information Systems↗
Searching chiropractic literature: a comparison of three computerized databases.
PURPOSE: To determine the efficiency of three computerized bibliographic databases in retrieving literature relevant to the chiropractor. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used. English-language citations from 1990-92, on the topics of scoliosis, sciatica and neck pain, were searched in CHIROLARS, Index to Chiropractic Literature (ICL) and MEDLINE. Citations were assessed for relevance criteria by two assessors; a third assessor was used when both were unsure of relevance. Inter- and intraexaminer reliability of the relevance assessments was determined using the weighted Kappa statistic. The outcomes assessed were search time, search costs, number of citations, relevance, number of unique citations and the number of citations from refereed journals. Relative recall and cost per citation were used as primary measures of database efficiency. RESULTS: A total of 846 citations were retrieved. After exclusions, 786 citations were assessed for relevance. Interexaminer reliability of the relevance assessments was moderate [K(w) (standard error) = 0.46 (0.03)]. Intra-examiner reliability was fair for each of the assessors [K(w) (SE) = .36 (.10) and .35 (.10), respectively]. Of the 385 relevant citations, CHIROLARS retrieved 88 (relative recall = 23%) at a cost of CAN$1.01 per relevant citation, ICL retrieved 37 (relative recall = 10%) at CAN$.65 per relevant citation, and MEDLINE retrieved 260 (relative recall = 68%) at CAN$.52 per relevant citation. CONCLUSIONS: MEDLINE was found to be the most efficient database to search for literature relevant to the chiropractor; it retrieved the highest proportion of relevant citations and was the least expensive. CHIROLARS was the second most efficient of the three databases. No single database can function as a stand-alone source of information. For comprehensive searching, having an experienced reference librarian search MEDLINE in combination with at least one other database is recommended.
Chiropractic↗
The clinical 'end user'--a neglected resource in patient care?
In both medicine and science it is difficult to keep up to date with the large and rapidly increasing literature. Whilst a medical academic is likely to use electronic bibliographic databases for his research, he is less likely to use them in clinical practice. Although the potential advantages of an online search in a clinical situation have been appreciated for some time, in the UK it remains an under-utilised resource. In a pilot end user training project, 9 preclinical and 4 clinical academic staff were taught Data-Star command language together with methods of searching the Medline database. In the 12 weeks follow-up period only 1 of the 4 clinical staff had used online searches to help solve clinical problems. To maximise the use of bibliographic database searches in clinical practice, future end user training projects should aim to overcome the problems of the inaccessibility of computers and their command languages.
Adult↗
Pro-Search, Biblio-Links and Pro-Cite: software to gather and manage scientific and technical information.
Pro-Search, Biblio-Links and Pro-Cite combine to form a system for managing scientific information on the desktop. Pro-Search provides access to over 400 databases (500 on the IBM PC), Biblio-Links converts records downloaded from online, CD-ROM and diskette information services into Pro-Cite records. Pro-Cite is a full-featured bibliographic database for managing scientific literature.
Computer Communication Networks↗
[Psychometric characteristics of questionnaires designed to assess the knowledge, perceptions and practices of health care professionals with regards to alcoholic patients].
UNLABELLED: Failure of the French health care services to diagnose and manage problem drinkers has been established on many occasions. This results from a relative lack of knowledge of the basics of alcoholism and the low level of involvement of health care professionals in the management of these patients. In response to this inadequacy, the French Public Health Ministry promoted the development of managed care and coordination of care for these patients. Teams in charge of coordinating care for problem drinkers have been implanted in 96 French hospitals since 1996. These teams aim to provide support to health care providers caring for problem drinkers. For this purpose, they have delivered continuing medical education designed to prepare health care providers to identify and manage these patients in various settings. However, no formal assessment of the impact of these interventions on the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of health care professionals has been planned. The assessment of these interventions can rely on qualitative methods such as observation, focus groups, or individual interviews. However, qualitative methods require specific skills, are time-consuming, and cannot be implemented on a large scale. In contrast, quantitative methods using survey questionnaires or standardized instruments appear to be more appropriate for large scale or repeated evaluations. However, the accuracy of ratings provided by these instruments can be affected by many methodological factors, including the quality of the instrument in terms of validity, reliability, and sensitivity to changes. The aim of this paper is to describe the properties of French and English language questionnaires designed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of health care professionals with regards to alcoholic patients. METHODS: The instruments were retrieved by searching the Medline, Pascal, and Sudoc computerized bibliographic databases from January 1964 to December 2002. The following medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and text words were used: "*alcoholism/psychology/therapy", "questionnaire", "healthy care surveys", "attitude of health personnel", and "*knowledge/attitude/practice". In addition, the table of contents of the French journals devoted to alcoholism that were not indexed in electronic bibliographic databases were examined (Alcoologie et addictologie, Alcoologie). The bibliographies of relevant articles were also examined for additional citations. Finally, a phone survey of 34 professionals caring for alcoholic patients located in French university hospitals was carried out to retrieve unpublished questionnaires. Two authors independently extracted data from each study using a standard date abstract form. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. They extracted information on the development process and properties of validity, reliability, and sensitivity to changes. Validity is a concept concerned with the extent to which an instrument actually measures what it is supposed to measure. It is assessed through different facets (content, construct, criterion, discriminant, and predictive validity). Reliability reflects the amount of error inherent in any measurement. Sensitivity to change corresponds to the property of an instrument to identify small but clinically significant changes in attitude or practice. RESULTS: A total of 57 relevant publications involving 39 original instruments were identified. Eighty questionnaires were not available, despite the solicitation of their developers. Overall, the study included 21 instruments. Of these, 20 were English-language questionnaires and one was in French. The conceptual frameword was specified for only two questionnaires: "the Addiction Belief Scale" and "the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire". The number of items ranged from 9 to 122. Items were derived from qualitative surveys in only two cases. In the other cases, they were derived from the literature, expert panels, or form unknown sources. The internal construct validity of eight questionnaires was assessed using principal component analysis, factor analysis, or cluster analysis. We considered that external construct validity was analyzed by testing empirical hypotheses derived from the literature for 15 of the instruments studied. Predictive validity cas evidenced for only one questionnaire. Internal consistency was documented for seven instruments, using Cronbach's coefficient. Test-retest or inter-rater reliability was assessed for none of the instruments. The sensitivity to change of two instruments was analyzed. The response rate to the instruments ranged from 46% to 93%. DISCUSSION: The main finding of this study is that properties of validity, reliability, and sensitivity of questionnaires designed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of health care professionals with regards to alcoholic patients are neglected. Moreover, these questionnaires generally lack a theoretical background. Hence, the interpretation of responses to these questionnaires may be misleading. The present study has several limitations. The search strategy could be criticized for searching only a small number of databases, and selecting French and English language questionnaires. However, given the large range of journals included, it was unlikely that the strategy has limited the generality of the results. In addition, we identified no additional relevant articles by contacting professionals working with alcoholic patients in French university hospitals. Articles reporting instruments designed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of health care professionals with regards to alcoholic patients are incomplete. Journals should require minimum evidence of validity, reliability, and sensitivity when reporting results of surveys, development of questionnaires or standardized instruments. CONCLUSION: The psychometric characteristics of French language questionnaires were given very little attention. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of their continuing medical education programs, the teams that train French medical staff caring for alcoholic patients should either develop a standardized survey questionnaire following a strict methodology or translate an English language instrument, which would also require a cross-cultural validation.
Alcoholism↗
Euroethics--a database network on biomedical ethics.
BACKGROUND: EUROETHICS is a database covering European literature on ethics in medicine. It is produced within Eurethnet, a European information network on ethics in medicine and biotechnology. OBJECTIVES: The aim of Euroethics is to disseminate information on European bioethical literature that may otherwise be difficult to find. METHODS: A collaboration model for pooling data from different centres was developed. The policy was to accomplish data uniformity, while still allowing for local differences in terms of software, indexing practices and resources. Records contributed to the database follow common standards in terms of data fields and indexing terms. The indexing terms derive from two thesauri, Thesaurus Ethics in the Life Sciences (TELS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Combining elements from search tools developed previously, the developers sought to find a technical solution optimized for this data model. An approach relying on a thesaurus database that is loaded along with the bibliographic database is described. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The present case study offers examples of possible approaches to several tasks often encountered in database development, such as: merging data from diverse sources, getting the most out of indexing terms used in a database, and handling more than one thesaurus in the same system.
Abstracting and Indexing↗
[Headache as a chief subject in the Hungarian medical literature].
BACKGROUND: Less than 1.2% of papers published in the first 50 volumes of the journal Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle--the major official journal of Hungarian neurologists--focused on headache despite the fact that headache is among the most frequent complaints in neurological consultations. In the current study the authors evaluated the presence of headache as the main topic in articles of the Hungarian medical literature. METHODS: They identified full publications on headache by handsearching all volumes of the journal Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle from 1950 till the end of 2003. Electronic searches were performed to find Hungarian papers focusing on headache using the bibliographic databases of the Hungarian National Library of Healthcare (Hungarian Medical Bibliography, HMB) and the American National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health (Medline and Oldmedline). Results of handsearch and electronic searches were cross checked for the journal Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle. RESULTS: Of the 2618 full papers published in Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle headache was the main topic in 32 articles (1.2%), most of them published after 1985. The electronic search of the HMB resulted in 132 documents in 41 journals, whereas using the PubMed search engine, they identified 66 Hungarian papers on headache. Migraine was the most frequent topic of interest in papers found by all three searches. The HMB search identified all headache articles published after 1990 in Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle which were identified by handsearch. The Oldmedline, database contained four of the seven papers identified by handsearch from 1954-1964. After 2002, the start of indexing Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle in the Medline, the only article identified by handsearch was also found by the electronic search. CONCLUSION: After the lack of interest until the mid-1980-ies, headache became a frequent topic in the Hungarian medical literature. Bibliographical data of articles on headache published after 1990 can be identified by electronic searches of the Hungarian and international bibliographic databases using carefully constructed but simple search strategies. An increasing presence of Hungarian headache research was found in international journals in the last two decades.
Bibliometrics↗
The Telemedicine Information Exchange (TIE).
An on-line information service, the Telemedicine Information Exchange (TIE), was established to provide a comprehensive source of telemedicine information. The TIE comprised a number of frequently updated, searchable, linked databases, each dealing with an important aspect of telemedicine. These included an extensive bibliography on telemedicine consisting of more than 2000 citations, many with abstracts. There was also a series of topical sections describing current telemedicine projects, products and services, legislation, funding, research activities, and news in the field. The TIE was designed to exploit the features of electronic information storage: hypertext linking between related pieces of information; specialized views (technical, legal, and business) of the bibliographic database; and usage monitoring to determine which data were most frequently accessed and therefore where any enhancement should be done. The TIE was made available via the World Wide Web, by remote telnet access over the Internet, and via modern. The rapid increase in the usage of the TIE since its introduction in April 1995 indicated that the TIE satisfied a need in the telemedicine community.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hepatic toxicity: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in arthritis patients.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might cause hepatic side effects, but the frequency of these laboratory and clinical side effects is uncertain. METHODS: Searches of bibliographic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE and of public archives of the Food and Drug Administration were conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, or meloxicam in adults with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis that provided information on aminotransferase elevations >3 x upper limit of normal, liver-related discontinuations, hepatic serious adverse events, liver-related hospitalizations, or liver-related deaths. The proportion of patients with each of the hepatic toxicity outcomes was calculated separately by using sample size weighted pooling for each NSAID. RESULTS: Sixty-seven articles from the bibliographic database and 65 studies from the Food and Drug Administration archives met inclusion criteria. Diclofenac (3.55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.12%-4.03%) and rofecoxib (1.80%; 95% CI, 1.52%-2.13%) had higher rates of aminotransferase >3 x upper limit of normal than placebo (0.29; 95% CI, 0.17-0.51) and the other NSAIDs (all < or = 0.43%). The 95% CIs for liver-related discontinuations of all NSAIDs except diclofenac (2.17%; 95% CI, 1.78%-2.64%) overlapped with placebo. Only 1 liver-related hospitalization (among 37,671 patients) and 1 liver-related death (among 51,942 patients) occurred, with naproxen. CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac and rofecoxib had higher rates of aminotransferase elevations than placebo and other NSAIDs studied. No NSAID studied had increased rates of liver-related serious adverse events, hospitalizations, or deaths.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Scientific production of research fellows at the Zagreb University School of Medicine, Croatia.
AIM: To evaluate scientific production among research fellows employed at the Zagreb University School of Medicine and identify factors associated with their scientific output. METHOD: We conducted a survey among research fellows and their mentors during June 2005. The main outcome measure was publication success, defined for each fellow as publishing at least 0.5 articles per employment year in journals indexed in the Current Contents bibliographic database. Bivariate methods and binary logistic regression were used in data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 117 fellows (response rate 95%) and 83 mentors (100%) were surveyed. The highest scientific production was recorded among research fellows employed in public health departments (median 3.0 articles, interquartile range 4.0), compared with those from pre-clinical (median 0.0, interquartile range 2.0) and clinical departments (median 1.0, interquartile range 2.0) (Kruskal-Wallis, P =0.003). A total of 36 (29%) research fellows published at least 0.5 articles per employment year and were considered successful. Three variables were associated with fellows' publication success: mentor's scientific production (odds ratio [OR], 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-7.53), positive mentor's assessment (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.10-9.05), and fellows' undergraduate publication in journals indexed in the Current Contents bibliographic database (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.07-15.34). CONCLUSION: Undergraduate publication could be used as one of the main criteria in selecting research fellows. One of the crucial factors in a fellow's scientific production and career advancement is mentor's input, which is why research fellows would benefit most from working with scientifically productive mentors.
Bibliometrics↗
Effects of quality improvement strategies for type 2 diabetes on glycemic control: a meta-regression analysis.
CONTEXT: There have been numerous reports of interventions designed to improve the care of patients with diabetes, but the effectiveness of such interventions is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact on glycemic control of 11 distinct strategies for quality improvement (QI) in adults with type 2 diabetes. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: MEDLINE (1966-April 2006) and the Cochrane Collaboration's Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group database, which covers multiple bibliographic databases. Eligible studies included randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials and controlled before-after studies that evaluated a QI intervention targeting some aspect of clinician behavior or organizational change and reported changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values. DATA EXTRACTION: Postintervention difference in HbA1c values were estimated using a meta-regression model that included baseline glycemic control and other key intervention and study features as predictors. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifty randomized controlled trials, 3 quasi-randomized trials, and 13 controlled before-after trials met all inclusion criteria. Across these 66 trials, interventions reduced HbA(1c) values by a mean of 0.42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29%-0.54%) over a median of 13 months of follow-up. Trials with fewer patients than the median for all included trials reported significantly greater effects than did larger trials (0.61% vs 0.27%, P = .004), strongly suggesting publication bias. Trials with mean baseline HbA1c values of 8.0% or greater also reported significantly larger effects (0.54% vs 0.20%, P = .005). Adjusting for these effects, 2 of the 11 categories of QI strategies were associated with reductions in HbA(1c) values of at least 0.50%: team changes (0.67%; 95% CI, 0.43%-0.91%; n = 26 trials) and case management (0.52%; 95% CI, 0.31%-0.73%; n = 26 trials); these also represented the only 2 strategies conferring significant incremental reductions in HbA1c values. Interventions involving team changes reduced values by 0.33% more (95% CI, 0.12%-0.54%; P = .004) than those without this strategy, and those involving case management reduced values by 0.22% more (95% CI, 0.00%-0.44%; P = .04) than those without case management. Interventions in which nurse or pharmacist case managers could make medication adjustments without awaiting physician authorization reduced values by 0.80% (95% CI, 0.51%-1.10%), vs only 0.32% (95% CI, 0.14%-0.49%) for all other interventions (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Most QI strategies produced small to modest improvements in glycemic control. Team changes and case management showed more robust improvements, especially for interventions in which case managers could adjust medications without awaiting physician approval. Estimates of the effectiveness of other specific QI strategies may have been limited by difficulty in classifying complex interventions, insufficient numbers of studies, and publication bias.
Blood Glucose↗
The free form database program as a research tool.
Two types of database programs for the IBM compatible personal computer (PC) are described: the fixed form database and the free form database. The use of the latter in compiling bibliographic databases and in content analysis of interview transcripts is described. Other uses for the free form database program are also discussed. It is suggested that the free form database has advantages over some other custom-made analysis programs in terms of its simplicity and ease of use. It is also suggested that the free form database can be a useful tool for nurse educators and students.
Databases, Bibliographic↗