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Results for “Dangerous Behavior”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Interstate pedestrian crossing: a form of self-destructive behavior?

Emotional conflicts, malassociation with peers, and inadequate family support are not the emergency physician's primary considerations when attending a severely traumatized child. This report makes an appeal for the clinician to determine the sequence of events that preceded the trauma. Attempts should be made to distinguish between intentional and accidental trauma by viewing the event, not in isolation, but rather in the context of potential environmental stress affecting the child and family. Among the multidisciplinary coalition we forge to provide ongoing care for the trauma patient, there should be a mental health specialist. Exploration for family discord, escalating stress, and suicidal ideation should become central themes for emergency physicians who treat traumatized children.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Clinical experience with civil commitment.

The unstable motivation of the addicted person has represented a major problem in the treatment of opioid dependence. Only a minority of voluntary patients remained in the two PHS hospitals for treatment beyond withdrawal. Early followup studies at the two hospitals indicated that treatment under legal coercion, especially when combined with compulsory posthospital care, had better outcomes, but not markedly better, than did voluntary treatment. A large proportion, one-third to one-half, of the patients admitted to the hospitals for examination prior to civil commitment were found not suitable for treatment, mainly due to their disruptive or dangerous behavior. Due to attrition after examination and during 6 months of hospital treatment under commitment, only about one-third of the civil commitment patients admitted were discharged to aftercare. The high attrition rate may have been partly due to intensive psychosocial treatment. Patients who absconded from treatment were not prosecuted; consequently, civil commitment provided only a weak coercion to treatment. Two followup studies suggested that the short-term outcomes of the civil commitment patients were somewhat better than those of voluntary patients. Limited and inconclusive research exists on the relation of coercion to long-term stable abstinence. Methadone maintenance is accompanied by improved social adjustment, but it retains in treatment only a minority of opioid drug users. One study suggests that 16 to 30 percent of the population of chronic opioid users in the community is not in treatment. Civil commitment, as one of an array of social and legal coercions, can probably bring some opioid users into treatment who would not voluntarily enter. It has several limitations. Civil commitment cannot overcome deficits in treatment services. Civil commitment, or any other kind of external coercion, can bring drug users into treatment but cannot assure that patients will participate in treatment. Finally, civil commitment is restricted by constitutional guarantees of individual liberty.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Consumers speak.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Alcohol and suicide.

It is well established that alcoholics have a very high suicide rate. The evidence is of two kinds: a) Follow up studies of alcoholics consistently reveal high suicide rates. The proportion dying by suicide varies from 8% (Kessel & Grossman, 1961) to 21% (Gabriel, 1935) depending on the length of follow up. These figures represent a risk 5080 times that of the general population. Most such studies were based on clinically identified populations of alcoholics and might not be representative of alcoholics in general. However: b) Retrospective studies of suicides consistently find that a high proportion (varying from 15% in southern England Barraclough et al., 1974 to 27% in Seattle Dorpat & Ripley, (1960) were alcoholics. The evidence of these retrospective studies is that suicide usually occurs at a late stage in the alcoholic career and is associated with things which are high risk factors for suicide in other settings e.g. divorce, a history of previous suicide attempts and increasing age. The origins of the close relationship between alcoholism and suicide have rarely been investigated, though the relationship is readily comprehended. Several elements probably contribute: 1. Alcohol dependence often leads to social decline-break up of marriage, loss of job and family ties-and the resulting social isolation is a potent cause of suicide. 2. Alcohol dependence leads to loss of self esteem and hence to depression and these psychological changes predispose to suicide. 3. Intoxication produces increased impulsiveness and a weakening of normal restraints against dangerous behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

[Is violence of psychiatric patients a real danger for "open door psychiatry"?].

The public opinion frequently attributes a dangerous behavior to the severe mentally disturbed. Is there really an overrepresentation of the mentally sick among violent delinquents? In a retrospective epidemiological study performed in the Federal Republic of Germany the personality features, mental status and criminal acts of 533 mentally disturbed violent delinquents were investigated and compared with the same data obtained in healthy violent delinquents, in mentally disturbed non-delinquents of the same diagnosis and in the general population of a responsible age. The most important results of this study are reported. The proportion of the mentally ill in the group of all violent delinquents of the decade examined (1955-1964) does not exceed the proportion of the mentally ill in the entire population so that the question asked above can clearly be answered with no. Factors increasing the risk of aggressive behavior in various groups of mental disturbances are discernible; the recognition of these factors should be followed by appropriate therapeutic measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Interpreting the effectiveness of involuntary outpatient commitment: a conceptual model.

Many experimental trials of community mental health interventions fail to develop testable conceptual models of the specific mechanisms and pathways by which relevant outcomes may occur, thus falling short of usefully interpreting what happens inside the experimental "black box." This paper describes a conceptual model of involuntary outpatient commitment (OPC) for persons with severe and persistent mental disorders. The model represents an attempt to "unpack" the effects of OPC by incorporating several interacting variables at various stages. According to this model, court-mandated outpatient treatment may improve long-term outcomes both directly and indirectly in several ways: by stimulating case management efforts, mobilizing supportive resources, improving individual compliance with treatment in the community, reducing clients' psychiatric symptoms and dangerous behavior, improving clients' social functioning, and finally by reducing the chance of illness relapse and rehospitalization. A randomized clinical trial of OPC is underway in North Carolina that will test the direct and indirect effects suggested by this model, using longitudinal data from the multiple perspectives of mental health clients, family members, and case managers.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differential characteristics of families of adolescents and young adults that have attempted suicide].

INTRODUCTION: Families of adolescent and young adult suicide attempters are studied to analyze their role in these extremely dangerous behaviors. METHOD: 72 adolescents and young adults (aged 15-24) who have made a suicide attempt and 72 normal controls matched by sex, age and marital status, are studied in a case-control design. Several aspects of each family are explored: composition, degree of stability in parental couple, type of relationships among the members, labor status of parents and medical-psychiatric and legal family history. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Only parameters analyzing parents-offspring interactions can differentiate both groups. Keep an unsatisfactory relation with any of the living parents are the family factors which place the young or adolescent subject in risk of making a suicide attempt in our surrounding.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The troubled employee. Dangerous and violent behavior.

The events precipitating violent behavior, demographic characteristics of violent people, sources of stress, cognitive and affective factors, historical and current contexts of violence, the means of violence and the victims are all addressed.

Dangerous Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Predicting compliance with command hallucinations.

Of 44 patients who experienced command hallucinations, those with hallucination-related delusions and hallucinatory voices they could identify were more likely to comply with the commands. The danger of the behaviors specified by the hallucinations did not appear to be a factor in compliance.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Modeling human behaviors and reactions under dangerous environment.

This paper describes the framework of a real-time simulation system to model human behavior and reactions in dangerous environments. The system utilizes the latest 3D computer animation techniques, combined with artificial intelligence, robotics and psychology, to model human behavior, reactions and decision making under expected/unexpected dangers in real-time in virtual environments. The development of the system includes: classification on the conscious/subconscious behaviors and reactions of different people; capturing different motion postures by the Eagle Digital System; establishing 3D character animation models; establishing 3D models for the scene; planning the scenario and the contents; and programming within Virtools Dev. Programming within Virtools Dev is subdivided into modeling dangerous events, modeling character's perceptions, modeling character's decision making, modeling character's movements, modeling character's interaction with environment and setting up the virtual cameras. The real-time simulation of human reactions in hazardous environments is invaluable in military defense, fire escape, rescue operation planning, traffic safety studies, and safety planning in chemical factories, the design of buildings, airplanes, ships and trains. Currently, human motion modeling can be realized through established technology, whereas to integrate perception and intelligence into virtual human's motion is still a huge undertaking. The challenges here are the synchronization of motion and intelligence, the accurate modeling of human's vision, smell, touch and hearing, the diversity and effects of emotion and personality in decision making. There are three types of software platforms which could be employed to realize the motion and intelligence within one system, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2001

The case for a cognitive approach to animal learning and behavior.

The dangers of hypothesizing about unobservable cognitive mechanisms are well known to behavior analysts. I propose, however, that carefully fashioned cognitive theories that make predictions that are inconsistent with current behavioral theories can provide useful research tools for the understanding of behavior. Furthermore, even if the results of such research may be accommodated by modifying existing behavioral theories, our understanding of behavior is often advanced by the empirical findings because it is unlikely that the research would have been conducted in the absence of such cognitive hypothesizing. Two examples of the development of emergent relations are described: The first deals with the nature of a pigeon's 'representation' of two stimuli both of which are associated with correct responding to a third in a many-to-one matching task (stimulus equivalence or common representations). The second has to do with transitive inference, the emergent relation between two stimuli mediated by their relation to a common stimulus in a simultaneous discrimination.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Controlling extremely dangerous aggressive outbursts when functional analysis fails.

This article describes and illustrates a treatment program aimed at addressing intermittent extremely dangerous aggressive behavior in an 11-year-old girl who was blind, multiply handicapped, and profoundly mentally retarded. In the month preceding treatment she had injured a peer, a paid careprovider, and her mother. Functional analysis produced no clear antecedents to aggression. Punishment was used to introduce a superordinate contingency. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior combined with contingent restraint reduced, then eliminated aggression. Follow-up at an age equivalent of 4 years, 6 months indicated a continued absence of aggression. Results are discussed in regards to the balance between research methodology, agency policy, right to effective treatment, and social validity.

Aggression↗