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PubMed1998

Dermatoglyphic analyses in children with cerebral palsy.

This study was intended to elucidate the diagnostic values of dermatoglyphic features on the 45 cerebral palsy (CP) patients (28 boys and 17 girls). There were 50 healthy children in the control group. Dermatoglyphic samples were obtained from the both groups by using the paper and ink method and than analysed. The types of dermal patterns of fingertips, the counts of total ridges, the counts of a-b ridges, the values of atd angles, presence or absence of dermal patterns in the hypothenar, thenar/I, II, III, IV interdigital areas, presence of absence of the palmar flexion lines, were compared between the children with CP and control group. It was found that arch, radial loop, whorl prints have increased and ulnar print has decreased in boys investigated which was significant statistically (p < 0.001). No difference was found between investigation and control groups of girls (p > 0.05). The total ridge counts in boys and girls of the investigation group were found significantly decreasing according to the control group (p < 0.001). There was an important decrease in the counts of a-b ridges of investigation group as compared to controls. It was significant in boys (p < 0.01) but not in girls (p > 0.05). The values of atd angles of the investigation group have increased in the control group (p < 0.001 in girls and p < 0.01 in boys). The dermal prints in the hypothenar, thenar/I, II, III and IV interdigital areas showed important differences in the investigation group when compared with the control group (p < 0.01). No clear distinction occurred between the two groups from the viewpoint of palmar flexion lines (p > 0.05). In conclusion, remarkable differences in comparison to controls were found in the dermatoglyphic features of CP cases. In our opinion, by undertaking more studies on the subject and examining a higher number of cases it will be possible to obtain useful data in CP cases indicative of etiologically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Dermatoglyphic asymmetry is related to perceptual asymmetry and to interhemispheric transmission.

The numbers of ridges on the fingertips is asymmetrical between hands and is also sexually dimorphic. Most people have more ridges on the right hand (rightward dermatoglyphic asymmetry; R >) and men typically have more ridges than women. The direction of dermatoglyphic asymmetry has been shown to be related to patterns of cognitive abilities in men and women and to perceptual asymmetry in homosexual men. W e assessed presumptively heterosexual, right-handed men and women who had either R > (n = 35) or L > (n = 30) ridge count, on: (1) dichotic listening to words; (2) two tachistoscopic tasks sampling visual field asymmetries (dot location and letter identification); and (3) a tachistoscopic task designed to examine interhemispheric transmission. L > subjects had a smaller right-ear advantage than R > subjects, but this was accounted for by an increased incidence of an atypical left-ear advantage in the L > group. Visual field asymmetries were also smaller in the L > group but the asymmetry measures did not reach significance, with the exception of an increased incidence of an atypical field advantage (left) for letter recognition only. On the interhemispheric transfer task, L > subjects performed relatively faster on tasks requiring interhemispheric comparisons than did R > subjects. These findings confirm an association between the direction of dermatoglyphic asymmetry and aspects of brain organisation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Dermatoglyphics in patients with Cenani-Lenz type syndactyly: studies in a new case.

We describe an additional case of Cenani-Lenz syndactylism in a 4 1/2-year-old boy from a consanguineous Turkish family. The digital anomalies consisted partly of synostosis and partly of malformations of the phalanges. Although there was no radio-ulnar synostosis or abnormality of the bones of the feet, the findings are comparable to those described in the Cenani-Lenz type of syndactyly. We analysed the dermatoglyphics of our patient and compared them with those previously reported. We also investigated the relationship between the bony malformations and the dermatoglyphic patterns in our patient and in the literature.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1996

Dermatoglyphic variation in Europe.

We describe the geographic variation patterns of 236 dermatoglyphic variables (118 for each sex) for 74 samples in Europe. Using principal components analysis and rotating to simple structure, we simplified these patterns to the first 20 axes, representing 74.2% of covariation. We then used heterogeneity tests, interpolated surfaces, one-dimensional and directional correlograms, and distances between correlograms to analyze the factor scores of these 20 axes. We also ordinated the 74 localities. The data are remarkable for showing little spatial autocorrelation, despite significant heterogeneity among localities. Only three factor axes exhibit consistently significant correlograms, indicating that there are few spatial patterns in the original variables in Europe. Almost all correlations between pairs of variables occur within serially homologous character sets and are thus developmentally determined. There is some support for demic diffusion from the southeast in finger patterns and ridge counts. We compare these results to those of previous studies and note that Lapps and Icelanders are outliers with respect to both genetics and finger tip variables, whereas Tatars are outliers with respect to craniometrics and dermatoglyphics.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Dermatoglyphics in offspring of women given gamma globulin prophylaxis during pregnancy.

The fingertip dermatoglyphic patterns were studied in 93 infants whose mothers had been given gamma globulin (GG) prophylaxis against hepatitis on known gestational dates. The prevalence of infants with whorl patterns on 0-3 fingertips and that of infants with ulnar loops on 9 or 10 fingertips were significantly higher (P < 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively) in offspring of women given prophylaxis during the first 162 days of pregnancy than in those whose mothers received GG at a later stage of gestation. These findings were particularly prominent in infants who had been exposed to > or = 5 ml of GG in the first 162 days of gestation. In light of these observations, and of previously noted dermatoglyphic changes in offspring of women who had gestational prophylaxis against rubella, it appears that exogenous GG can influence the prenatal development of fingertip skin ridge patterns, and that this influence is responsive to the gestational timing and dosage of GG administered.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1984

Fragile-X syndrome III: dermatoglyphic studies in males.

Dermatoglyphics of 39 males with the fragile-X syndrome were compared with those of 3 groups of control subjects; 497 school boys, 15 males with non-specific mental retardation, and 15 with Down syndrome. Compared with the control males, there was an increased frequency of radial loops, whorls, and arches on the fingers and of third interdigital patterns and abnormal creases on the hands, and a decreased frequency of ulnar loops and fourth interdigital patterns in the patients with the fragile-X syndrome. The mean a-b ridge count was lower than in controls and there were more patients than controls with an a-b ridge count less than 70. All of these differences were significant at p less than 0.01. There was no differences between patients and controls with respect to total ridge count on the fingers and the dermatoglyphics in other areas of the hands or feet. From this small study a preliminary index was developed that attempts to distinguish male patients with the fragile-X syndrome from normal male controls and males with non-fragile-X forms of mental retardation. The patterns on the left and right third fingers, the a-b ridge count, and the palmar creases were used in the index. Sixty-four % of patients with the fragile-X syndrome would be selected out if greater than or equal to + 0.5 was used as the criterion and 90% of these males would be expected to have the fragile-X chromosome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A dermatoglyphic study of a group of Sicilian children with fragile-X syndrome.

In a dermatoglyphic study of 14 fra(X) boys (compared with a control group of 191 normal schoolboys), we observed the following statistically significant (p less than 0.01) differences: 1) lower frequency of ulnar loops on the fingertips, particularly on the 2nd and 3rd fingers, with a corresponding increase of whorls; 2) transverse course of main line A; 3) increased frequency of abnormal palmar creases. The log score index of Simpson et al [1984] identified 71.4% of our patients and that of Rodewald et al [1986] 64.2%. The different values of these indexes can probably be attributed to ethnic differences. We think that by combining the results of dermatoglyphic analysis from several centers a more discriminatory log score index can be obtained.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Dermatoglyphics in von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis.

We studied dermatoglyphic traits in 27 patients (12 males and 15 females) with neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) to verify which characteristics may be considered typical of this disorder. The frequency of digital central pockets in the patients was significantly greater than in control individuals (P less than .005), but when we evaluated the sexes separately, the difference was significant only among females (P less than .002). The distribution of central pockets on the various fingers was significantly different in affected females, compared with normal controls, but only on fingers II (P less than .05), IV (P .002), and V (P less than .05). The quantitative finger tip pattern values and the total finger ridge count (TFRC) were always higher in the patients, as well as was the a-b ridge count. The latter was significantly increased only on the right hand in females (P less than .01). Among the patients, the atd angle values were increased on both hands of females and on the right hand in males, whereas both the ulnar index A'-d and the a-t' ridge counts were diminished. The frequency of high endings (5' or 5") of line A was increased in NF-1 patients on both hands. Like in previous investigations, our patients showed an increased number of secondary creases, limited to II degree according to Vormittag et al. [1986] (P less than .048). Our results only partially confirmed prior data. Therefore, we think that there is no typical dermatoglyphic pattern in NF-1 and that this parameter is not a diagnostic indicator in this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome.

The dermatoglyphic patterns of fingertips and palms of 115 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) were analysed and compared with the data from 199 control individuals from Germany. The following combination of dermatoglyphic patterns appears to be characteristic to WBS: an excess of whorls on all fingertips; high termination values of the main lines D, B, and A; frequent absence of C triradius (C0); high frequencies of ulnar loops on the hypothenar and distal loops on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th interdigital areas, of distal axial triradii t", and of abnormal palmar creases such as simian crease and Sydney lines. The combination of fingertip and palmar patterns expressed by a "Log.Score-Index," provides a high degree of discrimination between the WBS patients (92%) and the control group (88%). A "phantom picture" for WBS was constructed, which can be used for its diagnosis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

The dermatoglyphics of American Negroes.

Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of 184 male and 224 female normal American Negroes were evaluated for digital patterns, digital ridge counts, palmar patterns, palmar main line terminations, accessory triradii and palmar creases. All subjects were seven year olds examined and found free of chronic or other genetic diseases. The results were presented for the left and right hand separately as well as in terms of bilateral symmetry. The present results were for the most part comparable to those of the African and other American Negro groups reported earlier. The distributions of the various dermatoglyphic features among the Negroes taken as a group were compared to those of the other racial groups and their differences were discussed.

Africa↗
PubMed1975

Dermatoglyphics of three Hungarian populations.

The dermatoglyphics of 709 individuals from three Hungarian populations living near each other but of different origin were analyzed. In dermatoglyphic traits the three populations present but slight differences from one another.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1975

Dermatoglyphic traits in patients with cardiovascular disorders.

Dermatoglyphic studies were carried out on 800 Japanese subjects. Digital dermal pattern types were classified into true whorls, double loops, ulnar loops, radial loops and arches. Both total and absolute ridge count were recorded. Subjects with hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction were compared with the remaining group of others who had not yet developed any of these disorders. Individuals with myocardial infarction had a significantly higher frequency of true whorls and a correspondingly lower frequency of ulnar loops than the control group. Total and absolute ridge counts were also significantly higher in myocardial infarction. Individuals with hypertension and angina pectoris were not significantly different in most dermatoglyphic traits from the controls. These observations suggest that antenatal factors may contribute to the etiology of myocardial infarction in man.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1977

A collation of marker gene and dermatoglyphic diversity at various levels of population differentiation.

The use of dermatoglyphic traits to describe interpopulational diversity among human populations at various levels of differentiation is compared with similar analysis of gene frequency data by means of nonparametric methods employing distance matrices and dendrograms, and by a partition of total variability into its between and within population components. Congruence of dermatoglyphics and gene markers appears to vary with level of population differentiation -- the association remains insignificant until racial level of differentiation is considered. Different pitfalls of the data used are mentioned. The interpretation of these findings is discussed by comparison with other non-human studies.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1977

The use of penrose's C2H for an intra- and inter-population analysis of quantitative dermatoglyphic traits.

Results of a part of multidisciplinary studies in six villages on the island of Hvar (Yugoslavia) are presented. Six quantitative properties of dermatoglyphics were analysed (TRC, PII, a-b, b-c and c-d ridge counts, and atd angle). "Biological distances" among the surveyed couples from all six villages were analysed using Penrose's C2H, and its components: C2Q and (v-1/v)C2Z with regard to sex and possibility of determining the direction of endogamy or exogamy. Significant correlation between "geographical distances" and (v-1/v)C2Z is obtained for males, indicating that the social organisation in the examined rural population, from the point of view of demography, has some influence on the distribution of the dermatoglyphical characters.

Demography↗
PubMed1980

The dermatoglyphics of a Toronto sample of children with XXY, XXYY, and XXX aneuploidies.

Dermatoglyphic analyses were carried out on a sample of children with known sex chromosomal aneuploidies (25 XXY, 10 XXX, 1 XXYY). Digital ridge counts and pattern types were determined for each individual. Palm prints and sole patterns were also examined. The results of our study were compared with data from previous studies of sex chromosomal aneuploidies. Out results for the XXY males agree with the findings from other studies with respect to total ridge counts and plantar dermatoglyphics, but not for digital pattern frequencies. Our one example of an XXYY male showed hypothenar patterns similar to those found for this syndrome by other researchers, but neither the digital pattern types nor the unexpectedly high total ridge count conforms to the findings from other studies. Our sample of XXX females falls within the normal XX female range of variation with respect to hypothenar patterns and total ridge count; plantar features show a higher incidence of patterns than previously reported.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1981

Dermatoglyphic feature of myocardial infarction patients.

An association reported between certain dermatoglyphic features and myocardial infarction (MI) in Japanese males is investigated using a sample of Caucasian males. The frequencies in each of the four Galtonian pattern types (arch, ulnar loop, radial loop, whorl) defined on each of the ten primary digital pattern areas, as well as several synthetic fields for the MI and control groups, are compared. Total and absolute finger ridge count for the same pattern areas in the two samples are similarly studied. No differences in the distributions of these features significant at the 0.01 level or less could be demonstrated between the MI and control samples. A search for combinations of features to correctly classify the individuals into the two groups was similarly inconclusive. Differences in sample size and racial homogeneity that may account for this failure to reproduce the results of the study of Japanese males are discussed. Finally, statistics describing the distributions of the dermatoglyphic features in the test and control samples are presented for comparison with future investigations.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1983

Digital dermatoglyphics of the Faroe Islanders.

Finger dermatoglyphics of 446 male and 463 female Faroe Islanders are described. According to birthplace information for their grandparents the individuals sampled are considered to be representative of all regions of the Faroes. Pattern frequencies are given for individual digits and the tables contain mean radial, ulnar, and unilateral maximal ridge counts. Overall frequencies of patterns and mean total ridge counts in both sexes are compared with other populations in northwestern Europe, several of which have had close historical connections with the Faroes. The Faroese have exceptionally high frequencies of arch and ulnar loop patterns, making their mean pattern intensity index values among the lowest in Europe. Low mean total ridge counts are also characteristic of this population. Icelanders show closer dermatoglyphic resemblance to the Faroese than any other European populations. Low mean total ridge counts among Shetland and Orkney Islanders are noteworthy, and it is possible that the resemblance between these North Atlantic island populations is due to common ancestry arising from Viking settlement during the 8th and 9th centuries. The operation of random genetic drift on the gene pool of the Faroe Islanders is another factor to be considered when assessing their biological affinities.

Demography↗
PubMed1984

Technical report: a method for recovering the palmar and plantar pads of small primate cadaver specimens for dermatoglyphic analysis.

A method for recovering dermatoglyphic data from tamarin cadavers is described. The method involves the complete removal of the palmar and plantar pads with no destruction to the underlying skeletal elements. Once recovered, the pads are stored in a formalin solution. The stored pads of 213 individuals have remained in a good state of preservation for dermatoglyphic analysis for over four years.

Animals↗