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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Equine influenza in Czechoslovakia during the 1973 epizootic].

During the epizootic spreading in Europe, equine influenza was brought in also into Czechoslovakia. The disease gradually spread from Slovakia (where horses were isolated after a trip abroad) to race horses throughout the country. The serological examination by the IH test showed that, again, the A equi 1/Praha 56 virus was the causative agent of the infection. The application of the Grippeguin vaccine from France was effective. No clinical manifestations of the disease were observed in two mares from one farm that had not been vaccinated although they had been in the focus of infection. However, these mares were housed together with one-year-old foals vaccinated against equine influenza before transport to the training stable in autumn 1972. In addition, the disease was not brought upon their two foals in the focus of infection (the age of these foals was three and five months).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Salaried general practice in Czechoslovakia: personal observations and impressions.

In 1991, a visit was undertaken, to the former Czechoslovakia, during which discussions were held with general practitioners. Some personal observations and impressions from the visit are presented. For four decades, salaried general practice was a feature of the Czechoslovakian health care system. Primary health care comprised three strands: paediatric services, an occupational health service and community general practitioner care. The main point of service delivery was the polyclinic which, although being large and impersonal, provided easy access to other primary and secondary services. General practitioners, over half of whom were women, had regular leave entitlement and predictable hours of work, out of hours work being provided through separate contracts based on primary care emergency centres. However, doctors were poorly paid compared with industrial workers. Following the 'velvet revolution' in 1989, all aspects of the health service have been subject to major review, and salaried general practice is likely to give way to a more entrepreneurial system.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1993

[Criminal prosecution of drunk driving in the former Czechoslovakia and in the Czech Republic and Slovakia].

In the successor states of former Czechoslovakia, the law enforces the principle of 0.0% alcohol content in blood while operating a motorized vehicle. Those persons who break this law can be punished according to either section 201 StGB "Jeopardizing others while under the influence of addictive substances" or section 201 a StGB which regulates "drunk driving" instances. Various sanctions can also be imposed: 1) imprisonment; 2) confiscation of driver's license; 3) monetary fine. Within the judicial framework, driving while intoxicated, 0.1% alcohol content in blood, is absolutely forbidden, and in some cases, an alcohol content of 0.08% is sufficient to place the suspect under the same laws regulating 0.1% category. The alcohol content in the blood is usually determined by means of a blood or urine test.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

[The suicide rate in Czechoslovakia 1975-1990].

The author investigates the development of the suicide rate in Czechoslovakia in 1975-1990. From comparison of statistics in the Annual Statistical Report and statistics of UZIS he concludes that the Annual Statistical Report provides more accurate data. According to data in the latter the annual suicide rate in recent years is by 500-800 suicides higher than according to UZIS. Using the method of the smallest squares, linear trends of the suicide rate are calculated according to both sources for the Czechoslovak Republic and the Czech and Slovak Republic separately. The decline is more marked in the Czech and Slovak Republic where the suicide rate is higher and thus a convergent trend was recorded. These conclusions are supported by linear trends developmental trends obtained from the above sources differ as to the degree of convergence; while according to data in the Annual Statistical Report data in the Czech and Slovak Republic will be equal during future decades, according to data from UZIS equal levels were reached already between 1989 and 1990. The author discusses the reliability of statistics of the suicide rate, possible escapes associated with different types of collection of data and the comparability of statistics where it is obvious that they are not quite complete.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1977

Helminths of wild ruminants introduced into Czechoslovakia.

The paper contains results of helminthological studies on ruminants introduced into Czechoslovakia from other regions and continents. It is pointed out that introduction of wild ruminants is not only of theoretical importance in the adaptation of parasites to a new environment, but also of practical consequence in the mutual exchange of parasites between the imported and autochthonous game animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Half a century with scientific medical information in Czechoslovakia.

The author reviews his participation in the development of scientific medical information in the former Czechoslovakia, beginning with the classical methods using the Universal Decimal Classification, through the development of the method of manual peek-a-boo punched cards, till the experimental and routine use of the first commercially available National Elliott 8O3B and Minsk-22 computers (Index Radiohygienicus with a KWIC index). Simultaneously he founded and managed the Information Center for Radiation Protection, and later the Information Center of the Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology. Then he was charged with the projection and methodological guidance of the system of libraries and information centers in the Czech health institutions. In his theoretical and experimental research the author was interested in the feasibility of algorithms for the selection of keywords from scientific texts, in the modelling of the communication of medical scientific information in Czechoslovak conditions, and in extensive statistical studies of the relation between information supply to authors and their citation behavior and citedness. Practical measures for overcoming information barriers were suggested. All results of these activities were published in more than 100 papers and research reports, half of which are cited in References.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1979

A survey of ergonomics in Czechoslovakia.

A survey of the historical development of ergonomics, and current research and training in this discipline, in Czechoslovakia. The report follows a series of visits to scientists in academic and research in institutions in the summer of 1978.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Isomer-specific analysis of chlorinated biphenyls, naphthalenes and dibenzofurans in Delor: polychlorinated biphenyl preparations from the former Czechoslovakia.

Technical polychlorinated byphenyl (PCB) preparations--Delors 103, 104, 105, and 106--produced in the former Czechoslovakia were analyzed for their chlorobiphenyl (CB), chloronaphthalene (PCN) and chlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) composition and content using high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The congener patterns of Delors 103, 104, 105, and 106 resembled Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260. Delors contained PCNs and PCDFs, as impurities, at microgram per gram concentrations. Concentrations of PCNs and PCDFs in Delors were greater than those found in the corresponding Aroclors. The potential for the emissions of PCNs and PCDFs from Delor was estimated to be 3680 and 860 kg, respectively. Non- and mono-ortho PCBs were the major contributors to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents in Delor mixtures.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed1992

Helminth eggs in the sludge from three sewage treatment plants in Czechoslovakia.

Developmental stages of 8 species of parasitic helminths were found during examination of sludge from 3 sewage treatment plants in Central Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. The eggs were comprised from Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Toxascaris leonina, Parascaris equorum, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp. and Hymenolepis spp. The quantity of these organisms in 100 g of dried sludge ranged between 24-105 eggs of Ascaris sp., 12-47 eggs of Toxocara sp., 0-8 eggs of Toxascaris leonina, 0-1 egg of Parascaris equorum, 2-33 eggs of Trichuris sp., 0-12 eggs of Capillaria sp., 0-46 eggs of Enterobius vermicularis and 0-49 eggs of Hymenolepis spp. Some eggs of Hymenolepis spp. and Enterobius vermicularis were structurally damaged, while some eggs of Ascaris sp. and Enterobius vermicularis contained developed larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Transfer of resistance to the newer beta-lactam antibiotics in Czechoslovakia].

Transmitted resistance to recent cephalosporin antibiotics of the third generation was first proved in 1983 by the authors. Approximately five years later the authors revealed during systematic monitoring of bacterial strains resistant to cephtazidime, cephtriaxone and cephotaxim also transmitted resistance to these and other more recent beta-lactam antibiotics in Czechoslovakia. The authors advocate rational use of new cephalosporins and other beta-lactams (e. g. aztreonam) as reserve antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of nitroglycerin in human plasma using gas chromatography after the administration of dosage forms used in Czechoslovakia].

An analytical method was developed to determine nitroglycerin in human plasma. The analytical method is based on the extraction of plasma with hexane and the feeding of the packed collumn (10% OV 101) of the gas chromatographic apparatus with the concentrated hexane phase. After separation, detection is carried out by a detector of electron capture. The described method is sensitive (limit of detection = 50 pg/ml of plasma) and sufficiently precise (error of the method = 13%). The precision of the method during the day (+/- 12%) and between the days (+/- 8%) is presented, as well as the return of nitroglycerin from plasma (95%). An application of the method on comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters in two dosage forms used in Czechoslovakia is shown. The results after the administration of one mg of the sublingual and spray forms of nitroglycerin preparations are documented by the course of the levels in the individual experimental subjects and the principal pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the one-compartmental model.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1989

[5-Fluorocytosine. A neglected systemic antimycotic in Czechoslovakia].

The authors submitted a detailed characteristic of the properties of 5-fluorocytosine and its applicability in the treatment of mycoses. They emphasize the advantages of pharmacokinetic parameters of this systemic antimycotic preparation and the possibility to combine it with amphotericin B. Based on their own results of laboratory tests they give an account of the spectrum of sensitive and resistant mycotic agents. According to the authors 5-fluorocytosine is not sufficiently appreciated in Czechoslovakia and it deserves more attention.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗