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Results for “Cytochemical Effects”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Calcium distribution in aortic smooth muscle cells of deoxycorticosterone-hypertensive rats. A quantitative cytochemical study.

The effect of deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-induced hypertension on the calcium content within the aorta was studied before the increase in pressure (one week) and after the pressure had reached hypertensive levels (4 weeks). The volume density of free calcium detected ultrastructurally by pyroantimonate precipitation was quantitated by stereological techniques in aortic smooth muscle cells. An increase in the volume density of electron opaque precipitate was observed in the cytoplasm at one week of DOC treatment when neither the systolic blood pressure, the thickness of the media nor volume fraction of medial smooth muscle as compared to the extracellular space was increased significantly. The total aortic calcium as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy was not increased at one week. By 4 weeks when the rats were hypertensive, the cytoplasmic free calcium in the smooth muscle cells and the number of peripherally-located cytoplasmic vesicles with precipitate was increased significantly. Total aortic calcium was also increased significantly in the DOC-saline group but not in the DOC group drinking tap water or in the saline drinking controls. An elevation of calcium within the cytoplasm of vascular smooth muscle cells may precede the development of hypertension and play a role in the pathogenesis of the increased blood pressure, increased medial thickness and hypertrophy of the vascular smooth muscle cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Calcium in hippocampus following lidocaine induced seizures: an electron cytochemical study.

The effect of lidocaine seizures on cellular accumulation of calcium was studied in hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3 and the dentate gyrus of rats, using the combined oxalate-pyroantimonate method. The specificity of the reaction was ascertained by EGTA treatment and X-ray microanalysis. In control rats, calcium was visualized between myelin lamellae of axons, in synaptic vesicles and in some lysosomes. Two hours after onset of lidocaine seizures selective neuronal degenerations appeared in hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3 but not in the dentate gyrus. Calcium deposits were present in numerous mitochondria of pyramidal cells and, occasionally, also of neuroglial cells. Many of these mitochondria exhibited ultrastructural alterations. Calcium uptake was most prominent in the CA3 sector but was also present in the CA1 subfield as well as the dentate gyrus. Intracellular calcium uptake, in consequence, is not the unique attribute of selectively vulnerable hippocampal neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Tracheal epithelium of bonnet monkey (Macaca radiaca) and its response to ambient levels of ozone. A cytochemical study.

The effect of 6 or 90 days exposure to 0.15 or 0.30 ppm of ozone on the morphology or carbohydrate cytochemistry of bonnet monkey tracheal epithelium was studied. Ozone treatment induced damages and necrotic phenomena of ciliated cells, as well as a significant increase in the population density of small mucous granule (SMG) cells compared to controls. In addition, the appearance of 'intermediate' cells, a type of nonciliated cells which was not observed in controls, was noticed. Characterization of the secretory cell carbohydrates with the PA-TCH-SP, HID-TCH-SP and LID-TCH-SP sequences indicated the existence of periodate-reactive sulfated and carboxylated polysaccharides in both treated and control monkeys. The luminal surface of the affected tracheal cells, however, exhibited a glycocalyx more rich in mucosubstances than the control animals. The possible role of 'intermediate' and SMG cells in repairing the injured epithelial regions, as well as the significance of the ozone concentrations used in relation to the ozone range measured in photochemical smog are discussed.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1991

Cytochemical study on the local tissue effect of nickel-containing intrauterine device in rabbits.

Authors introduced a nickel-containing device into the uterus of 20 rabbits, then performed the cytochemical study of the endometrium. During calcium cytochemical study in the endometrium intramitochondrial and partly intracytoplasmic localisation while with dimethylglyoxin method intracellular reaction precipitate were found. The nickel-containing device caused local nickel and intracellular or intramitochondrial calcium accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of methylprednisolone on ultrastructural and cytochemical changes during myocardial ischemia. Selective effects on various cell inclusions and organelles including lysosomes.

Occlusion of the circumflex branch of the coronary artery of rabbit hearts for 45 minutes elicits structural and cytochemical changes in myocytes similar to those observed in ischemic dog myocardium, which are indicative of irreversible cell injury. When methylprednisolone is administered prior to occluding the artery, myocytes are transiently protected and many of the electron microscopic signs of irreversible damage are delayed for 15 minutes or more. During this period, the steroid preferentially protects mitochondria, lysosomes, and sarcolemma from the ischemic changes that normally develop. However, some other events, including depletion of glycogen and margination of nuclear chromatin, are only minimally influenced by the therapy, if at all. In all hearts, treated and untreated, the development of severe cell damage, whenever it occurs, is closely associated with cell swelling, mitochondrial dilation with concomitant appearance of amorphous osmiophilic densities, and abnormalities in and, ultimately disappearance of lysosomes, suggesting that damage to cell membranes is a central event in the progression of reversible injury to irreversible infarction and that protection of membrane integrity should be a reasonable aim in efforts to ameliorate or delay ischemic injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of cisplatin on the plasma membrane phosphatase activities in ascites sarcoma-180 cells: a cytochemical study.

To study the effects of cisplatin [cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum (II)] on tumor cells in the presence or absence of the immune system, animals with ascites sarcoma-180 tumor burden were treated with therapeutic dose levels (9 mg/kg). Similarly, ascites sarcoma-180 cells were maintained in tissue culture media containing the same levels of the drug. Cell samples were taken from the animals at 12-hr intervals for 3 days, whereas samples were drawn from the tissue cultures at 15-, 30-, 45-, and 60-min and at 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-hr intervals. Treated and untreated cells from in vitro and in vivo experiments, when checked for alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Na+-K+-ATPase, show a gradual decrease in activity on the plasma membrane. It takes about 60 min for inactivation of any enzyme in vitro, whereas it takes 2 days in in vivo experiments. Quantitative analysis show alkaline phosphatase activity drops from 9.7 to 4.9 nmol in just 15 min, and drops further to 0.79 nmol after 2 hr. Inactivation of various plasma membrane enzymes, resulting in permeability changes, is probably responsible for cell death.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1995

Effect of light stimulation on the cytochemical localization of cytochrome C oxidase in photoreceptor cells of cichlid fish.

Cytochrome oxidase activity was evaluated cytochemically in rod photoreceptor cells in the retina of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus after different stimulation protocols. The enzyme activity was assessed semiquantitatively by estimating the volume ratio of mitochondria classified according to the intensity of enzyme reactivity. Dark adaptation for 5 hr induced an increase of cytochrome oxidase activity both in vivo and in vitro, i.e., in isolated retinas. Short-term illumination (1 hr) of isolated retinas adapted previously in vivo to darkness caused a significant decrease of enzyme activity, whereas short-term darkening after in vivo light adaptation had no effect. Chemical stimulation for 15 min with increased K+ concentration (20 mM) reduced the enzyme activity, i.e., chemical depolarization did not have the same effect as depolarization induced by darkening. Significant changes in cytochrome oxidase activity were apparent within 1 hr of stimulation, so that this method for analysis of neuronal activity can be applied even in short-term experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of ginseng volatile oil on cytochemical components of SGC-823 gastric carcinoma in cell culture].

After 24, 48 and 72 hours' treatment of cells of SGC-823 gastric carcinoma in cell cultures with ginseng volatile oil, glycogen, succinate dehydrogenase and DNA in single cells were measured quantitatively with MPV2 microscope photometer. The results show that the inhibition of cancer cell growth by ginseng volatile oil may be due to the action of metabolism of DNA, carbohydrates and energy.

DNA, Neoplasm↗