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[Biomass structure and nitrogen and phosphorus contents of Calamagrostis angustifolia populations in different communities of Sanjiang Plain].

Calamagrostis angustifolia is the dominant species in the typical meadow and marsh meadow communities of Sanjiang Plain. The study on its biomass structure and the N and P contents in its different organs showed that the biomass of different C. angustifolia organs in the two types of wetland communities was distinctly different, which could be described by Y = A + B1t + B2t2 + B3t3. The biomass of aboveground part and each organ presented single peak changing, with the maximum value of the latter occurred 15 d after. The F/C values were all less than 1, which was bigger in typical meadow than in marsh meadow. The total N and P contents in different organs of aboveground part all descended linearly in growth season, with the order of leaf > vagina> stem. The total N content in the roots of two C. angustifolia types was consistent, while that of total P was quite different. The contents of total N, NH4+ -N and NO3- -N, especially of NH4+ -N and NO3- -N, varied widely in different organs, with NH4+ -N/NO3- -N >1. Root was the important storage of N and P, but the storage of N and P in stem, leaf and vagina fluctuated greatly. The N/P ratios of two C. angustifolia types were all less than 14, which implied that N might be the limiting nutrient of C. angustifolia, and the limitation degree was higher in typical meadow than in marsh meadow.

Biomass↗

[Study on the chemical substrates of SFE extract from Rhizoma Cyperi].

OBJECTIVE: To extract the effective part of Rhizoma Cyperi and study the chemical constituents of diffrent parts. METHODS: The extract of Rhizoma Cyperi was obtained by SFE and dealed with molecular distillation, then the effective components was enriched. The chemical compositions were separated and identified by GC/MS. RESULTS: The content of volatile oil in the extract upgraded from 43.2% to 86.0% by molecular distillation, and the relative amount of cyperene and (+) -alpha-cyperone from 20.2% to 38.6%. Fatty acids was not found in Rhizoma Cyperi-MD1. CONCLUSION: The SFE of Rhizoma Cyperi could be refined with molecular distillation. The active ingredients, such as volatile oil and alpha-cyperolone, were remained effectively. The ineffective ingredients fatty acids were removed.

Carbon Dioxide↗

Laboratory colonization of Mansonia mosquitoes with an emphasis on Ma. annulata and Ma. bonneae.

The present study records the first successful colonization of Mansonia annulata and describes colony maintenance with modification of rearing medium and host plants. Three species of Mansonia mosquitoes (Ma. uniformis, Ma. indiana and Ma annulifera) were successfully reared in ambient environments with adult emergence rates > 50%, while Ma. bonneae and Ma. dives yielded emergence rates > 30%. Colonization of Ma. annulata was modified and improved so that they were successfully raised to adult with emergence rates of 23%. Tube sedge, Lepironia articulata, was utilized as a host plant and peat swamp water was used as a rearing medium. Yeast and small lizard droppings were added daily to the larval medium to maintain microorganisms and pH in the infusion. However, identifying suitable culture medium remains an obstacle to establishing colonies of Ma. annulata, as the culture medium is difficult to mimic in the laboratory. Further study, focusing particularly on larval attachment substrates and rearing medium, is needed to develop a standardized and practical rearing technique for Mansonia mosquitoes.

Animals↗