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PubMed1996

Survival and yields of chromosome aberrations in hamster and human lung cells irradiated by alpha particles.

The effects of alpha-particle irradiation on hamster and human lung cells have been studied. In both cases two end points were taken, cell death and the induction of chromosome aberrations. The hamster cells were common stock V79 cells; the human ones were freshly derived from fetal material. For both types of cells, the survival curves could be described by straight lines in the conventional exponential plot, with values of D(o) of 0.78 and 0.37 Gy for the hamster and human cells, respectively. The rate of induction of chromosome aberrations could also be described by straight lines with slopes of 0.30 and 0.62 aberration per cell per gray. Thus, for this second end point also, it appears that human cells are twice as sensitive to the effects of alpha-particle irradiation as hamster cells.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1997

Dose responses from inhaled monodisperse aerosols of 244Cm2O3 in the lung, liver and skeleton of F344 rats and comparison with 239PuO2.

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the alpha-particle dose-response relationship of 244Cm in rats. Rats were exposed briefly by inhalation to graded levels of monodisperse aerosols of 244Cm2O3 heat-treated at 1150 degrees C. The initial lung burden (ILB) of each animal was determined by the use of the gamma-ray-emitting radionuclide 243Cm in the aerosols. Seven groups of 84-day-old F344/Crl rats (a total of 637 males and 645 females) were exposed once to 244Cm2O3 or sham-exposed to filtered ambient air. Mean ILBs of all rats per group ranged from 0.51 +/- 0.17 (+/-SD) to 240 +/- 82 kBq kg-1 body weight. Mean lifetime alpha-particle doses to the lungs per group ranged from 0.20 +/- 0.069 (+/-SD) to 36 +/- 6.5 Gy. After death, each rat was radiographed and necropsied. Dose-related increases occurred in incidences of benign and malignant lung neoplasms, except for the groups of rats with higher mean ILBs that were examined histologically (98 +/- 18 and 240 +/- 77 kBq kg-1 body weight) in which survival was markedly decreased. Also, average alpha-particle doses of 0.0014 +/- 0.00058 (+/-SD) to 0.17 +/- 0.091 Gy and 0.18 +/- 0.007 to 1.6 +/- 1.1 Gy were also absorbed by the liver and skeleton, respectively, in the rats in the different exposure groups. Primary liver neoplasms occurred in several rats. However, the incidence of these lesions was not related to dose. Increased incidences of bone neoplasms occurred only in rats receiving higher doses to the skeleton. Excess numbers of rats with lung neoplasms per 10(4) Gy to the lung per group ranged from 760 +/- 430 (+/- SE) at a mean dose of 0.48 Gy to 84 +/- 16 at a mean dose of 37 Gy. Risk factors for the lowest and highest ILB kg-1 body weight groups were not considered reliable because of large errors associated with these calculations and the life-span shortening in the highest ILB kg-1 group. Inhaled 244Cm2O3 appeared to be about 50% less effective as a lung carcinogen in rats compared to 239PuO2 at similar doses.

Aerosols↗