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PubMed1997

Fluoride and mutans streptococci levels in plaque on aged restorations of resin-modified glass ionomer cement, compomer and resin composite.

The use of fluoride-releasing restoratives such as glass ionomer cements (GICs) has increased during the last decade. The antibacterial effect of released fluoride is thought to be a possible caries-preventive effect of these restorations. In this study fluoride concentrations in plaque on 1-year old resin-modified GIC, compomer and resin composite restorations were compared intraindividually and related to the occurrence of caries-associated bacteria. Plaque from class III restorations of the three restorative materials and from a proximal enamel surface in 18 individuals was analysed. Low fluoride levels were detected in all the samples, while the resin-modified GIC samples showed significantly higher amounts. The distribution of oral streptococci, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli did not differ significantly among the surfaces and did not correlate to the fluoride levels in the samples. A good correlation was found between the counts of mutans streptococci in saliva and their proportions in the plaque. The results indicate that the fluoride concentrations released in vivo from 1-year-old restoratives are not high enough to affect the plaque levels of the caries-associated bacteria mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of the surface roughness of compomer by laser scanning microscopy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic and low pH soft drinks on the surface roughness of compomer restorative materials. There were five tested materials and four immersion media. Specimens were immersed in test solutions for a 10-day period at a temperature of 37 degrees C. Measurement of the surface texture was carried out using a laser scanning microscope (a non-contact laser stylus tracing method). This was also used to produce the Laser Scanning Microscope Image (LSM Image). Specimens immersed in orange juice and whisky displayed higher values for Ra & Rz than specimens immersed in soft drinks and deionized water. LSM Image showed a difference between the control and the examined side, especially for specimens immersed in low pH soft drinks this could be due to the erosive effect of the media. Alcoholic and low pH soft drinks caused deterioration of the materials surface, which may lead to a clinically detectable rough and dull surface.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanical properties of compomer restorative materials.

The purpose of this study was to measure the compressive strength, flexural strength, microhardness, and surface roughness of three compomers (Compoglass, Dyract, and Hytac) and compare the values to the ones obtained for a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Vitremer) and a resin composite (Z100). All materials were handled according to the manufacturers' instructions. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) among Vitremer, Hytac and Z100 composite with regard to yield strength. Vitremer values were lower than for Hytac, which were lower than for Z100. The yield strength values for Compoglass and Dyract were significantly lower than for Hytac and Z100 composite and significantly higher than for Vitremer (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the strain at yield among Vitremer, Hytac, and Z100, but their values were significantly higher than for Compoglass and Dyract (P < 0.01). The flexural strength data displayed a significant difference between Vitremer and Hytac (P < 0.05). Z100 was significantly stronger than the other products tested. The values of strain at break for Vitremer, Hytac, and Z100 were significantly lower than for Compoglass and Dyract (P < 0.01). The compressive strength results showed significantly higher values for Dyract, Compoglass, and Hytac than for Vitremer (P < 0.01). Z100 displayed higher values than the other products tested (P < 0.01). Hytac strength was significantly higher than for Dyract (P < 0.01). The microhardness of Compoglass and Dyract was not significantly different (P < 0.05). Hytac displayed microhardness values higher than for Vitremer, Compoglass, and Dyract (P < 0.01). However, all products tested showed values significantly lower than for Z100 (P < 0.01). The surface roughness values for Compoglass, Dyract, Hytac, and Z100 were not significantly different. Vitremer displayed a significantly higher value than Dyract, Hytac, and Z100 (P < 0.05).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of compomer proximal restorations in primary molars: a retrospective study in children.

The aim of the present retrospective study was to observe the clinical and radiographic performances of a compomer (Dyract) in proximal restorations of primary molars as compared to amalgam restorations. The study was performed at the principal investigator's office. Children between three to eleven years old, who had at least two primary molars with a small to moderate approximal caries lesion were included in the study. The assessed material consisted of 107 proximal restorations (63 Dyract and 44 amalgam) placed in primary molars during the years 1994 to 1997 in forty-two children who were available for follow-up examinations. All the evaluated restorations were clinically acceptable, with smooth surface appearance, satisfactory color match, neither secondary caries nor fracture. The margins of two Dyract restorations presented minimal stain. Of the 63 Dyract restorations evaluated radiographically, two presented with bubbles, one with an overhang, and nine had pooling at the tooth-restoration interface. Minimal overhangs were disclosed in six amalgam restorations, and neither bubbles nor defects were seen at the tooth-restoration interface. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Based on the clinical performance of the material and on the radiographic findings, the authors conclude that Dyract can be a suitable alternative for restoring primary teeth that need to be retained up to two years. More extensive follow-up is needed to assess longer-term performance.

Child↗
PubMed1999

The effects of extreme temperatures on composite, compomer and ionomer restorations.

The composite resin, compomer and glass ionomer restorative materials used in modern dental practice are fire resistant and remain radiopaque. They shrink significantly and are likely to fall out of the cavities after being burnt, but they remain extremely important for identification purposes and it may be possible to identify the white filling materials used to restore teeth by their radiopacity and morphology. The radiographic density of these filling materials do not change significantly when exposed to heat and although they may be difficult to see with the naked eye, they will remain visible when radiographed. Furthermore, special care has to be taken when handling heated materials as their compressive strengths decrease significantly depending on temperature and time of exposure and damage is possible.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microleakage of Compoglass-F and Dyract-AP compomers in Class V preparations after salivary contamination.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salivary contamination on the microleakage within Class V preparations of teeth restored with either Compoglass-F/Syntac SC and Dyract-AP/Prime and Bond 2.1. METHODS: Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in cementum were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted human permanent molar teeth. Preparations were distributed randomly into 4 treatment groups (N = 16) consisting of the two compomers and their respective bonding agents with and without salivary contamination. After treatment, the samples were stored in tap water for 24 hours, thermocycled, stained with dye, sectioned, and scored for microleakage. RESULTS: Salivary contamination had no significant effect on enamel microleakage but significantly increased both linear and penetrating microleakage versus non-contaminated for both compomer/dentin bonding systems. CONCLUSION: These data indicate salivary contamination adversely effects gingival but not enamel microleakage when Class V restorations are restored with either Compoglass F/Syntac SC or Dyract-AP/Prime and Bond 2.1.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibacterial activity of resin adhesives, glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer cements and a compomer in contact with dentin caries samples.

A total of 103 clinical samples of carious dentin were used to study the antibacterial action of different dental resin adhesive materials (Gluma 2000, Syntac, Prisma Universal Bond 3, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Prime&Bond 2.0) glass ionomer cements (Ketac-Cem, Ketac-Bond, Ketac-Silver, Ketac-Fil) resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Fuji II LC, Vitremer and Vitrebond) and a compomer (Dyract). The agar plate diffusion method was used for the microbial cultures and a chlorhexidine control. The growth of the caries-producing microorganisms was effectively inhibited by the Vitremer and Vitrebond cements, and to a lesser extent by the Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive system. Overall, there were statistically significant differences in the antibacterial activity of the products tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Marginal seal of resin-modified glass ionomers and compomers: effect of delaying polishing procedure after one-day storage.

This study evaluated the effects of polishing after one-day storage in water on the marginal gap formation around fillings using three resin-modified glass ionomers, one compomer, one conventional glass ionomer, and one micro-filled composite as a control. The study also examined the marginal gap and bond strength in Teflon cavities and the flexural strength of these restorative materials, which may influence the marginal gap formation. Immediately after the setting procedure, the specimen was polished and a marginal gap of approximately 10-25 micrometers was observed regardless of the type of restorative material used. In contrast, we observed no gap or a 1-2 micrometer gap width when the specimens were polished after one-day storage. Only Dyract did not show this pattern. Statistical difference was observed between immediately polishing and polishing after one-day storage in all materials except Dyract. Hygroscopic expansion, bond strength and flexural strength play important roles in reducing the marginal gap in tooth cavities filled with two types of glass-ionomer restorative materials. In contract, these properties did not play important roles in reducing the marginal gap width for Dyract.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2000

Simplified adhesion of compomers in pediatric dentistry.

A self-etching adhesive agent for bonding polyacid-modified resin-based composite materials ("compomers") to enamel and dentin is now available. The Prompt L-Pop system simplifies and hastens dental bonding procedures and has proved itself useful in many adhesive dentistry applications. This article describes the bonding system and shows clinical examples of its use in children and teenagers. The concept will have further application in adhesive dentistry with introduction of a new formulation of Prompt, to be used with traditional resin-based composite materials.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Effect of time on the diametral tensile strength of resin-modified restorative glass ionomer cements and compomer.

The aim of this study was to analyze the diametral tensile strengths of three resin-modified restorative glass ionomer cements--Vitremer, Fuji II LC and Photac Fil and one compomer--Dyract. They were tested at 1 hour, 1 day and 1 week. Kratos testing machine was used to load the specimens at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test that showed statistically significant differences among the materials. The tested materials presented an increase in strength from 1 hour to 1 week and were as follows for each material respectively: Vitremer (19.22-27.29), Fuji II LC (23.91-28.67), Photac Fil (19.35-22.86), Dyract (28.83-46.95). Dyract presented the highest strengths.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of self-etching adhesive system and compomer for splinting traumatized incisors.

Traumatized teeth that are displaced from their normal alveolar positions need to be repositioned and stabilized so that healing can occur. Orthodontic ligature wire bonded into place with resin-based composite works well for splinting teeth. Using a self-etching adhesive bonding system and compomer material facilitates both the resin bonding and its removal. This clinical report describes a simplified resin/wire splinting procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of mouthrinses on microhardness and wear of composite and compomer restoratives.

This study investigated the effect of commercially available mouthrinses on the microhardness and wear of composite (Esthet-X, Dentsply) and compomer (Dyract Posterior, Dentsply) restoratives. Fifty-four hardness and 36 wear specimens of each material were fabricated and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for two weeks. The specimens were then randomly divided into six equal groups and exposed to the following solutions for 24 hours at 37 degrees C: distilled water [WC] (control); Listerine Original [AP] (alcohol-containing essential oil/phenolic compound mouthrinse); Colgate Chloropharm [AC] (alcohol-containing chlorhexidine mouthrinse); Oral B Tooth & Gum Care [AF] (alcohol-containing fluoride mouthrinse); Oral B Tooth & Gum Care Alcohol Free [OF] (alcohol free fluoride mouthrinse) and Oral B Sensitive [PF] (phosphoric acid containing fluoride mouthrinse). After conditioning, the specimens were subjected to hardness testing using a digital microhardness tester (load = 500 gf; dwell time = 15 seconds) and wear testing with a reciprocal compression-sliding system (contact stress = 20 MPa). Wear depth was measured every 1,000 cycles up to 10,000 cycles using profilometry. Data was analyzed using ANOVA/Scheffe's test at significance level 0.05. Dyract was significantly softened by AP, while Esthet-X was significantly softened by AC and AP. The wear resistance of Dyract was significantly reduced after exposure to PF, while the wear resistance of Esthet-X was significantly reduced by AC. The effect of mouthrinses on hardness and wear was material dependent.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Tensile strength and ultrastructure of a compomer and a composite in aqueous and non-aqueous storage media.

PURPOSE: To compare the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of a compomer (Dyract AP) and a composite (Spectrum TPH) that were stored in an aqueous or a non-aqueous medium for up to 180 days. METHODS: 156 hourglass-shaped specimens of each material with cylindrical cross-sectional areas along the test regions were prepared. For each material, 12 beams were stressed to failure using a microtensile testing method to obtain the baseline UTS data. The rest were divided into two groups. One group was stored in de-ionized water (W), and the other (control) in silicone fluid (O) at 37 degrees C. 12 beams were removed from the respective storage medium after 1, 7, 14, 30, 90, 180 days for evaluation of the NTS. Materials retrieved from the intact central cylindrical portion of the fractured 180-day specimens were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Baseline UTS for Dyract AP (D) and Spectrum TPH (S) were 76 +/- 16 MPa and 92 +/- 13 MPa, respectively. One-way ANOVA on ranks and Dunn's multiple comparison tests showed that UTS of Groups D-O, S-O and S-W remained stable during 180 days and were not significantly different from the baseline results. There was a significant drop in UTS in Group D-W after 90 and 180 days when compared with the 1-day result (P < 0.05). A highly significant nonlinear correlation was also observed in Group D-W between the mean UTS after the first day and the storage time (P < 0.01). No difference could be seen between the filler-matrix interface in S-O and S-W. A very thin glass-ionomer phase (ca. 200 nm thick siliceous hydrogel layer) could be observed in D-W, but not in D-O.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Finishing/polishing of composite and compomer restoratives: effectiveness of one-step systems.

This study investigated the surface texture of composite (Z100, 3M ESPE) and compomer (F2000, 3M ESPE) restoratives after treatment with different one-step finishing/polishing systems (One-Gloss [OG], Shofu; PoGo [PG], Dentsply; Sof-Lex Brush [SB], 3M ESPE). The surface roughness obtained was compared to that using a matrix strip [MS], a two-step rubber abrasive (CompoSite [CS], Shofu) and a graded abrasive disk (Super Snap [SS], Shofu) system. Eight specimens (3-mm long x 3-mm wide x 2-mm deep) of each material were made according to manufacturer's instructions. With exception of the MS group, all groups were roughened with 320 grit grinding paper using a lapping device prior to finishing/polishing with the different systems. The mean surface roughness (microm) was measured with a profilometer. Data was subjected to ANOVA/Scheffe's tests and independent samples t-test at significance level 0.05. Mean Ra ranged from 0.22 to 0.32 microm for Z100 and 0.45 to 0.68 for F2000. For both materials, the smoothest surfaces were obtained with MS. The roughest surfaces were observed after treatment with SS and OG for Z100 and F2000, respectively. The effectiveness of the finishing/polishing systems was material dependent. The surface finish produced by PG and SB was superior or comparable to that obtained with CS, SS and OG.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Wear of aluminum oxide antagonists by commercially available composites and compomers.

PURPOSE: To investigate the wear of aluminum oxide antagonists by 19 light curing, commercially available composites and compomers. The influence of the filler particle size of the composites, the filler particle material and the filler particle morphology was determined. METHODS: Occlusal contact wear of the antagonists was simulated in a sliding wear test. Eight antagonists and specimens of each material were tested in a pin-on-block design with oscillating sliding of an aluminum oxide antagonist (Degussit antagonist, 5 mm diameter). After 50,000 cycles the contact area was evaluated using a dedicated software (UTHSCA image tool for windows V 2.0) under a light microscope. The size of the contact area was measured. RESULTS: Three types of boundaries of the contact area could be observed: (1) Sharp boundary, (2) No sharp boundary but easy to identify, and (3) No sharp boundary and difficult to identify. The method of Pearson was used to calculate the correlation coefficients. The coefficient of determination between the ranking of the measured contact area and the ranking of the maximum particle size was r2= 0.46 (P> 0.05). Composite materials with the same particle size were ranked by their filler content (wt. %).

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microleakage of compomer restorations in primary teeth after preparation with bur or air abrasion.

This study compared the degree of marginal leakage of a compomer in Class V cavities of human primary molars prepared by a conventional dental bur and air abrasion with or without acid etching. Fifty-six non-carious extracted primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n=14) to be prepared by four techniques: Group-1: Bur followed by acid etching: Class V cavity preparations were placed on the buccal surfaces of each tooth using a high-speed handpiece. The preparations were 1.5-mm deep, 3-mm long and 2-mm wide, with the occlusal margin in enamel and the cervical margin extending 0.5 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The preparations were acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid starting at the enamel margins for 30 seconds and rinsed with water for 20 seconds. The preparations were then restored with Compoglass F. 2-Group 2: Bur: The preparations and the treatment procedures were the same as in Group 1, with the exception of 37% phosphoric acid application. Group 3: Air abrasion followed by acid etching: Class V cavity preparations were placed on the buccal surfaces of each tooth using a handpiece of an air-abrasive system (PrepStart, Danville Engineering). The system was supplied with dry compressed air at 80 psi. In all tests, the air-abrasion system was operated with an 80 degrees-angle handpiece tip and 50-mm aluminum oxide particles. A tip with a 0.38-mm inner diameter was used at a 2-mm distance. The treatment procedures were the same as in Groups 1 and 2. Group 4: Air abrasion: The preparations and treatment procedures were the same as in Group 3, with the exception of 37% phosphoric acid. After finishing the restorations, the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The samples were thermocycled for 500 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C with a dwell time of 30 seconds. The samples were then immersed in 0.5 percent basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. The surface-adhered dye was then rinsed in tap water and the teeth were embedded in a chemically-activated acrylic resin and bisected longitudinally in a mesiodistal direction with a low speed diamond disk. Each section was examined under a stereomicroscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) at 20x magnification. The data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance to determine any statistical significant differences in microleakage scores among the groups at a p-value of 0.05. Also, the enamel versus cementum-dentin microleakage scores of each group were compared using z-test at the 0.05 significance level. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups (p>0.05), but a statistical difference between enamel and cementum-dentin surfaces was evaluated (p<0.05).

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-year clinical evaluation of a compomer and a resin composite as Class V filling materials.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the placement of two restorative materials, including a compomer (F2000, 3M ESPE) and a resin composite (Silux Plus, 3M ESPE), in non-carious cervical lesions using a self-etching bonding agent (F2000 self-etching primer/adhesive) and a fifth generation bonding agent (Single Bond, 3M ESPE) and to evaluate and compare these restorations for marginal discoloration, secondary caries, anatomical form, retention, surface texture and marginal adaptation at baseline and annually for three years. F2000 and Silux Plus were used to restore the teeth with moderate-sized non-carious cervical lesions. F2000 was placed using two different bonding agents: F2000 self-etching primer/adhesive (F2000SE group) and Single Bond (F2000SB group); Silux Plus was placed as a control using Single Bond (SiluxSB group). Thirty restorations of each material/dentin adhesive combination were placed. All restorations were evaluated at baseline and annually for three years using a modified USPHS scale. At the end of the three-year recall, Silux Plus had significantly better surface texture than F2000 (p < 0.0001). In addition, marginal adaptation significantly worsened over time starting at one year, as compared with baseline, for all groups (p < 0.0001). When anatomic form was compared between F2000 and Silux Plus, the p-value was 0.085, demonstrating that F2000 was slightly better than Silux Plus. Likewise, when comparing marginal adaptation between the F2000SE and SiluxSB groups, the p-value was 0.064, demonstrating that F2000 with the self-etching primer had better margins than Silux Plus with Single Bond. No other differences were found among the groups.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed2006

Clinical performance of posterior compomer restorations over 4 years.

PURPOSE: To clinically evaluate two polyacid-modified resin composites (Hytac and Dyract AP) for the restoration of posterior teeth over a 4-year period and to investigate accessible margins by light microscopy. METHODS: In a controlled prospective clinical study, 71 cavities (21 occlusal, 41 MO/OD, 9 MOD) in 30 patients were restored with compomers by three dentists. Thirty-eight restorations were placed with the combination OSB/Hytac, the same patients received 33 restorations with Prime&Bond 2.1/Dyract AP. Enamel margins of the cavities were etched with phosphoric acid. At baseline, after 12, 24, and 48 months, the restorations were examined by two independent investigators according to modified USPHS-criteria. Focusing on the 40 restorations available at all recalls, a semi-quantitative margin analysis was carried out at each recall using replicas and light microscopy at x130 magnification. RESULTS: Twenty restorations were not investigated at the 4-year recall (drop-out). After 48 months, 11 restorations (Hytac: n = 8, Dyract AP: n = 3) had to be replaced due to tooth fracture (n = 4), gap formation (n = 5), and adhesive failure (n = 2). Forty restorations were still in function after 4 years (overall failure rate 16%; Hytac: 21%; Dyract: 9%). Between the recalls, statistically significant differences were detected for the criteria marginal integrity (Alpha dropping from 76% at baseline to 32% after 4 years), restoration integrity (Alpha ratings at baseline 99% vs. 40% after 4 years), and occlusion (100% vs. 24%). For the criteria surface roughness (from the 6-month recall) and anatomical shape (after 4 years), a significant difference between the materials was evident in favor of Dyract AP. Except gap-free margins, the predominant criterion in the microscopic analysis at baseline was marginal overhang (24%) and 30% negative step formation after 4 years.

Acetone↗