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160 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Short report: High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the French territory of Mayotte.

A drug-resistance survey was conducted in the French territory of Mayotte in the Comorian Islands in the Indian Ocean where malaria is endemic. A high prevalence of resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites was observed, not only to chloroquine (88%) and pyrimethamine (99%), but more surprisingly to quinine (17%), mefloquine (9%), and amodiaquine (24%). This leaves few treatment alternatives other than artemisine-mefloquine combinations. However, despite notification to French Health authorities three years ago, inadequate treatment (chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) is still used in this locality. Thus, people still die of malaria in this remote territory of France.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Psychosocial functioning of the people with delusional disorders under forensic psychiatric observation in the ward of forensic psychiatry in 1998-2002.

In the literature on the subject frequency and kind of deeds committed by people with mental illness in relation to individual clinical diagnoses are analyzed mainly, whereas little attention is paid to the issue of their psychosocial functioning. Intellectual functioning of the people manifesting delusional disorders in the course of committing attributed deeds, was on an average level. The patients' social functioning was on a low level.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Assessment of visual disability among 5 year-olds in Mayotte. A prospective study of 2849 schoolchildren in 2000].

To gain first insight into the prevalence of visual disability among children in Mayotte, a comprehensive study was undertaken in 2000 to determine the prevalence of impaired visual acuity, color blindness, ocular malformation, and oculomotor disturbance in five-year olds, second-year nursery schoolchildren. After preliminary assessment at school, children with serious visual impairment were referred for further examination by an ophthalmologist. Data was used to assess the number of visually impaired children in comparison with epidemiological data from metropolitan France and other countries as well as to estimate health care requirements in terms of the number of visual disabilities to be treated, glasses to be prescribed and rehabilitative and support programs to be set up. This study was novel not only for Mayotte but also for France because of the homogeneity of the population in terms of both age and geography. Results showed that children in Mayotte presented the same spectrum of eye disease as children elsewhere in the world. The prevalence of serious visual impairment was generally the same among 5-year-olds living in Mayotte as among their counterparts living in metropolitan France and English-speaking countries. However refractive visual disability was three times lower than among children in higher age brackets in metropolitan France.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

[Oculocutaneous albinism in French overseas territories (Reunion, French Guyana, Martinique) and Mayotte. Study of 21 cases in 16 families].

The dual purpose of this study was to determine the genotype of patients with oculocutaneous albinism type 1 and 2 based on analysis of tyrosinase and P gene mutations and to attempt to establish a correlation between phenotype and genotype. This study included a total of 21 Caucasian, Indian and Black African patients from La Reunion, la Martinique, French Guyana and Mayotte. PCR-sequencing of genomic DNA was performed to detect tyrosinase gene mutations and PCR-separation of PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to detect 2.7kb deletion allele of the P gene. Tyrosinase gene mutations were identified in two cases, i.e., on eheterozygous guanine "g" deletion (c.572 delG) with a frameshift (Gly191fs) resulting in apremature termination signal at codon 225 in a Caucasian patient from La Reunion and one homozygous missense mutation, Glycine419Arginine, in an Indian patient from La Reunion. The 2.7-kb deletion allele of the P gene was detected in three Black African patients, i.e. two in the homozygous state in siblings from Mayotte and one in the heterozygous state in a girl from la Martinique. The latter patient whose mother was from la Martinique inherited the mutation from her father who was from Cameroon. This study shows that characterization of tyrosinase and P gene mutations in albinos patients is crucial to (a) differentiate subjects with oculocutaneous albinism types 1 and 2 and establish a correlation between phenotype and genotype, (b) identify healthy heterozygous carriers among the patient's immediate family (parents and siblings) and (c) allow prenatal diagnosis during subsequent pregnancies in couples who have already engendered albino children with severe visual phenotype and documented mutation(s).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Mental health publications from the Arab world cited in PubMed, 1987-2002.

The study aimed to identify mental health publications in Arab countries cited in PubMed from 1987 to 2002 and to analyse the year of publication, journal and field of research, specifically for child and adolescent mental health studies. A PubMedsearch was performed for all mental health publications followed by an analysis of child and adolescent mental health citations. The total number of mental health research citations published in Arab countries over the last 15 years was 338, 1.2% of the total number of citations for biomedical research; 17% were on child and adolescent mental health. The most dynamic fields of mental health research are anxiety and mood disorders and substance abuse. Child psychiatry, especially attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and child autism, are not gaining much interest from Arab researchers.

Adolescent Psychiatry↗
PubMed2006

Impact of human activity on the distribution of native and non-native cockroach species (Dictyoptera) in La Réunion and Mayotte.

Establishment of non-native species and human-driven alteration of habitats are major causes of the decline of native faunas. Interference between native and non-native cockroach species was evaluated here by comparing their distribution areas in two oceanic islands: Mayotte and La Réunion. A factorial correspondence analysis showed that their presence is related to environmental parameters among which human activity, humidity and altitude are the three most important. Human activity and humidity favour establishment and development of non-native species, whereas altitude limits their presence. Non-native species form guilds (up to seven species). Their distribution areas overlap and illustrate their colonizing capacities. On the contrary, distribution areas of native species never overlap, although some co-occur with non-native species. Native species are more endangered when they are established in cultivated areas than when they are in protected natural areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Xeroderma pigmentosum in negroid children. 5 cases in Mahori children].

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by a defect in the repair of DNA damage induced by ultra-violet rays. In black people, XP are much less frequent, only 29 cases have been reported (22 in Africa). Through the study of 5 individual cases of xeroderma pigmentosum in children at Mayotte (Indian Ocean), the authors analyze, a XP literature in order to highlight how this genetic disease is surprisingly frequent in the bantou population. Ocular lesions are precursory symptoms, before skin damage. Neoplasia and death occur frequently in the first decade. Leukoplasia and carcinoma of the tip of the tongue are frequent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis on Mayotte (Comores Archipelago)].

A seroepidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis was carried out on Mayotte Island. Detection of IgG was performed on 871 samples from 509 females and 362 males by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Using a cut-off value of 12 UI (1/16), 734 sera (84.3%) were found to be positive. Assays for specific IgM which were carried out only in positive subjects detected IgM in 13 people (1.5%). Comparison between different ethnic groups showed significantly higher rates of seroprevalence in villages with latrines. This finding is attributed to the use of fresh water for bathing and dish washing. It has been hypothesized that use of salt water for these purposes lessens the rate of contamination by destroying Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Planning a medical relief mission.

Surveillance of drug consumption and disease incidence from medical relief missions in two locations--southeast Asia and eastern Africa--revealed close similarities. Analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarials, antihistamine or decongestant preparations (or both), bronchodilators, and scabicides were the 10 most commonly used drugs. Orthopedic, respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and ophthalmic conditions, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases, and parasitic infestations were encountered most frequently. Recognition and early treatment of xerophthalmia, trachoma, and onchocerciasis, which are rare in more developed countries but common at tropical latitudes, can prevent the blindness that results from untreated disease progression. Pulse-temperature relationships and fever patterns may offer diagnostic clues to physicians deprived of laboratory support. Important logistic considerations, disease incidences, and selected topics and idiosyncrasies of humanitarian aid missions to tropical communities are discussed in hopes of aiding providers who are planning future relief missions.

Comoros↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malaria in Mayotte: past, present and future].

Discovered as a form of intermittent fevers in 1852 and confirmed by Blin in 1905, malaria has had a large impact on the mortality and the morbidity of the population living in Mayotte until 1976. An evolutionary analysis of the disease shows two distinct periods. The first period between 1792 and 1974 concerns the date of introduction of malaria to the island and the limited actions of the fight against malaria led by different organizations. The second period from 1976, when the program was established, to today could be entitled "18 years of fighting malaria in Mayotte". The second period has featured many events punctuated by two epidemics in 1984 and 1991. The results obtained in terms of the fight against malaria are characterized by a rapid fall of the transmission between 1976 and 1980, a resurgence of an epidemic in 1984, a cessation of the transmission in 1986, an explosive epidemic in 1991, and maintenance of the microcenters of epidemics since 1991 to today. They demonstrate the fragility of the conditions and prove that the ecosystem of Mayotte remains favorable to deterioration of the situation. These sero-epidemiological studies based on the estimation of the "geometrical rate of antibodies" allows for compensation of the techniques of parasitic evaluation when the index of malaria becomes very low. The principal vector Anopheles gambiae has adapted to the many varieties of natural habitats and to those of human origin due to environmental modification. Also the parasite, originating from the endemic residential zones, has been quasi-permanently introduced to the island. Thus, we are obliged to consolidate and diversify our means, notably towards a periodic evaluation of the phenomenon of in vivo resistance to chloroquine. This objective could be integrated within the framework of regional scientific cooperation. Moreover, the use of mosquito bed nets impregnated with pesticides is beginning to be the answer to the problem of people refusing to spray insecticide within their homes.

Comoros↗