Clinical applications of wholebody counting: a clinical comparison of the absorbability of ferrous versus ferric salts in normal human subjects.
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Humans↗
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[Vitamin D3 for external application--history of development and clinical application].
The study of vitamin D(3) topical applications has begun at Osaka University after Morimoto S. reported a patient with senile osteoporosis whose psoriasis was cured after treatment with 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [1 alpha (OH) D(3)]. Another study of the first use of vitamin D(3) for psoriasis was reported in the same year in both Europe and the United States independently. Calcipotriol ointment came first onto the market for the treatment of psoriasis in Denmark in 1990. In Japan, where tacalcitol ointment was first approved in 1993, six kinds of topical vitamin D(3) applications are now available. Now new applications of vitamin D(3) are anticipated to replace therapeutic drugs currently in use for psoriasis and other skin diseases.
Administration, Topical↗
The ComPact UniLock 2.0/2.4 system and its clinical application in small animal orthopedics.
This study describes the titanium ComPact UniLock 2.0/2.4 locking plate system (Stratec Medical, Oberdorf, Switzerland) and reports its application in nine selected clinical cases. The system was found useful for a variety of indications. Three categories of clinical applications are illustrated. They include (a) long bone fractures, (b) cervical spinal fractures and instabilities and (c) joint instabilities and luxations. A brief introduction to the system has already been published
Animals↗
[Argon replacing helium in measurement of pulmonary carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, its normal value and clinical application].
Measuring DL COSB of 120 normal subjects by using a gas mixture, in which helium was replaced by argon, we determined the DL COSB mean value, standard deviation and the predicted value formula for both sexes. The lower limit value of DL COSB for normal subjects was defined and the positive diagnostic value investigated. A ratio of actual value to predicted value below 80% was defined as abnormal. With this diagnostic criterion 43 cases of silicosis and diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis were investigated, the positive rate of the cases being 90.70%, with a false positive rate of below 10% for normal subjects, which indicates that this gas mixture and the criterion are applicable for clinical practice.
Adolescent↗
Potential clinical applications of derivative and wavelength-modulation spectrometry.
Absorption spectrophotometers are now becoming available that can record the first and second derivatives of absorbance with respect to wavelength. The advantages of this technique and its potential application to clinical analysis are discussed.
Chemistry, Clinical↗
Medical applications of NMR spectroscopy. I. Clinical applications of phosphorus-31 NMR.
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Adenosine Diphosphate↗
[Nursing application of transactional analysis. 17. Clinical application (1)].
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Humans↗
Spiral CT of the abdomen: clinical applications.
Spiral CT is a technique for rapid scan acquisition. It involves continuous scanning as the patient is advanced at a constant rate through the CT gantry. This eliminates interscan delay and the gap between scan slices. The acquired scan is a volume dataset, resulting in improved multidimensional displays. The entire abdomen is scanned within approximately 30 s, so that optimal contrast dynamics for evaluation of the vasculature are easily obtained. High levels of parenchymal enhancement are readily achieved throughout the duration of the scan. These factors also contribute to the improved quality of the multidimensional displays. In this article, applications and clinical experience with spiral CT in the abdomen are reviewed.
Female↗
The use of lasers in dentistry: principles of operation and clinical applications.
This article describes the principles of laser operation and the clinical application of laser technology in the different fields of dentistry. It discusses the use of the Er:YAG laser in restorative dentistry, pediatric dentistry, and periodontics, as well as the introduction of a new side-firing spiral tip for efficient cleaning of the root canal system by means of lateral laser irradiation. Although the Er:YAG laser is used mostly on enamel and dentin, the gingival depigmentation procedure using this laser also is described. Clinical applications of the CO2 and diode lasers on soft tissues, particularly in the fields of oral and maxillofacial surgery and perodontics, are explained. Because teeth whitening for esthetic reasons has gained increasing popularity in dentistry, the application of diode lasers for this purpose is discussed. All the dental laser procedures described in this article are conducted at the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine and are further investigated in various clinical research projects.
Child↗
Sonographic depiction of tumor vascularity and flow: from in vivo models to clinical applications.
This review discusses and illustrates the sonographic depiction and quantification of tumor vascularity and flow using three-dimensional color Doppler sonography. The potential clinical applications mentioned here are based on work done with in vivo tumor models and as well as extensive clinical experience with this technique. Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography, as used with contrast agents and novel imaging techniques, has significant current and potential clinical application for detailed depiction of tumor vascularity and flow. This technique can provide important information concerning changes in tumor vascularity and flow related to various biologic, chemical, and radiation therapies as demonstrated in animals and a few human studies. Additional animal and human studies are needed for further refinement and eventual clinical application of this technique.
Animals↗
Clinical application of serial operations with preserving spleen.
AIM: To evaluate the clinical application of serial operations with preservation of spleen. METHODS: Serial operations with preserving spleen were performed on 211 cases in our hospital from 1980 to 2000. The patient's age ranged from 13 to 56 years, averaging 38 years. Diseases included splenic injury in 171 cases, portal hypertension in 9 cases, splenic cyst in 10 cases, and the lesion of pancreatic body and tail in 21 cases. RESULTS: All the cases were cured, and 129 patients were followed up from 3 months to 3 years with the leukocyte phagocytosis test, detection of immunoglubin, CT,(99m)Tc scanning and ultrasonography. The results were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The operations with preserving spleen were safe, feasible, and worth of clinical application.
Adolescent↗
Diverse clinical applications using advantages of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
The diverse clinical applications of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells based on use of their advantages are summarized. It is apparent that more stem cells and T-lymphocytes can be harvested by mobilization treatment with cytokines from healthy donors in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) than in bone marrow transplantation. It is also clear that a stronger graft-versus-tumor effect can be induced with allogeneic PBSCT than with bone marrow transplantation. One merit of allogeneic PBSCT is that it allows clinicians to design diverse clinical applications. It would appear that allogeneic PBSCT may be preferable in special clinical settings, such as advanced hematological malignancies, situations requiring a strong graft-versus-tumor effect, nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation, and situations requiring a megadose of stem cells. Cytokine-primed peripheral blood stem cells can also be used for adoptive immunotherapy, such as a nonprimed donor lymphocyte infusion.
Cytokines↗
Everting (toposcopic) catheter for broad clinical application.
The advanced development of the clinical everting (toposcopic) catheter is described. A detailed discussion of the design and outline of the fabrication techniques are followed by a thorough performance evaluation and summary of the first two clinical applications. The everting element is a low-durometer thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. Surface treatments include the bonding of a hydrophilic polymeric coating, optimized for lubricity, to the sliding internal surfaces of the catheter. Eversion pressures and infusion/aspiration flow rates have been measured under various conditions and the infusate-in-blood mixing potential investigated. A preliminary assessment is given of the clinical performance of the catheter in the vascular delivery of chemotherapy and standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Animals↗
[A nationwide questionnaire survey on clinical application of pulmonary function testing in China].
OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the clinical application of pulmonary function testing (PFT) in China. METHOD: A questionnaire survey was performed in 212 hospitals covering 29 provinces of China. RESULTS: The response rate was 81.6%. PFT had been conducted in 91.9% of the responders, of which 69.2% were from large (provincial or municipal) hospitals. PFT was introduced to many hospitals in late 1970's, and has been used widely in early 1990's. Only 12.4% of the instruments being used was made domesticly. The frequencies of average PFT per month and per bed were low and a large variation existed among hospitals. PFT had been used more in the departments of internal medicine and surgery, but less in pediatrics, gynecology, and ENT. Spirometric measurement was the most common testing (performed 100%), followed by bronchial dilation test (74.2%) and bronchial provocation test (65.4%). Lung volume, diffusion capacity and airway resistance measurement had been conducted in 60.0%, 58.2%, and 42.7%, of the large hospitals, respectively. Exercise test was conducted in only 16.4% of the large hospitals. The reference norms were stated in only 21.4% of the hospitals. Prediction equations available for children were stated in only 16.9% hospitals where PFT were performed in children. Prediction equations derived from mainland Chinese were used in only 16.3% lung function laboratories. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical application of PFT in China is not popular and varies from hospital to hospital. It is imperative to develop domestic lung function instruments as well as lung function norms for Chinese.
China↗
Magnetocardiography: current status and perspectives. Part II: Clinical applications.
Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a non-invasive and risk-free technique allowing body surface recording of the magnetic fields generated by the electrical activity of the heart. The MCG recording system allows spatially and temporally accurate measurements of the very weak magnetic fields produced by currents flowing within myocardial fibers during cardiac activity. MCG has now been around for over 30 years, but only recently has progress in instrumentation put the technique on the verge of clinical applicability. This review summarizes the physical principles, instrumentation, main clinical applications and perspectives for the clinical use of MCG. This second part is devoted to the description of the main current clinical applications and perspectives.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
[Clinical application and relative examination of morselized bone].
OBJECTIVE: To review progress of clinical application of morselized bone and to investigate relative exploration on it. METHODS: The recent articles on morselized bone in the field of clinic and experimental research were extensively reviewed, and relative examination of morselized bone referring to method and mechanism were investigated carefully. RESULTS: Morselized bone worked well clinically, especially in revision of artificial total hip joint, and it was proved effective with lots of advantages. CONCLUSION: Morselized bone functions well clinically. Although its mechanism requires a further research, it still has a promising value in clinical application.
Animals↗
[Clinical application of the smell identification test].
Clinical application of the standardized "scratch and sniff" olfactory test in Japanese is described. Over 300 subjects participated in three experiments. In experiment 1, 29 odorants used in the smell identification test were rated as to their experiences. The ratios of the experiences in each combination of odorants were compared. In experiment 2, the test was applied to normal subjects. Average test scores decreased as a function of age, with the greatest decline occurring between the sixth and tenth decades of life. In experiment 3, the test was shown to differentiate between subjects with olfactory disorders and normal controls. This self-administered test now makes it possible to rapidly and accurately assess general olfactory function in the laboratory, clinic, or through the mail without complex equipment or space consuming stores of chemicals.
Adult↗
Recent advances in the clinical application of heart-lung interactions.
Clinical applications of heart-lung interactions have centered on the impact of ventilation on regional blood flow and the measures of cardiovascular responsiveness to both positive end-expiratory pressure and fluid resuscitation. These new and exciting applications of established physiology provide new therapeutic options for the caregiver with reduced risk for complications in the patient. This review illustrates several of these studies within the context of known cardiopulmonary physiology.
Heart↗