SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Climate change”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

655 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Comparison of Traditional Chinese Exercise and Equipment-Based Exercise on Glycaemic Control and Vitamin D Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Prediabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a critical window for preventing progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both vitamin D deficiency and physical inactivity are associated with impaired glucose metabolism. This study compared the effects of Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) and Kuanle Equipment Exercise (KEE) on glycaemic measures, lipid profiles, body composition and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] in middle-aged and elderly adults with prediabetes. METHODS: We conducted a 12-week, single-centre, randomised controlled trial involving 62 participants with prediabetes (mean age 55.2 ± 8.4 years; 88.7% female). Participants were randomly assigned to control (usual care, n = 21), TCE (n = 20), or KEE (n = 21). Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h OGTT glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum 25(OH)D3. Secondary outcomes comprised triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and body composition. RESULTS: At baseline, mean serum 25(OH)D3 was 21.53 ± 3.90 nmol/L. At 12 weeks, both TCE and KEE improved FPG, 2-h OGTT glucose, HbA1c and 25(OH)D3 versus control (all p ≤ 0.001). Relative changes in FPG were -9.4% (TCE) and -15.2% (KEE) versus -1.5% (control); corresponding changes were -14.6% and -21.2% for 2-h OGTT glucose, -6.7% and -12.9% for HbA1c, and +60.6% and +81.9% for 25(OH)D3. Direct TCE-KEE comparisons were not significant (all p > 0.05). In an exploratory analysis, change in 25(OH)D3 was inversely associated with change in 2-h OGTT glucose (partial r = -0.358, p = 0.006), but not with FPG, HbA1c, or triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: Both TCE and KEE improved glycaemic outcomes and increased serum 25(OH)D3 compared with usual care in middle-aged and elderly adults with prediabetes. Although KEE produced numerically larger estimates, direct between-group comparisons were not significant, and the superiority of KEE over TCE was not established. These vitamin D findings require confirmation in trials that quantify sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Divergent responses of the gill, hepatopancreas, and eyestalk to acute alkalinity stress in Penaeus vannamei: Osmoregulatory compromise, metabolic trade-off, and endocrine disruption.

The expansion of aquaculture into inland saline-alkali waters is constrained by high carbonate alkalinity (CA), a severe environmental stressor for crustaceans. However, the systemic molecular mechanisms underlying its lethal toxicity remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed a comparative transcriptomic approach to investigate the tissue-specific responses of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, under acute lethal stress (48 h-LC50). We focused on three functionally distinct organs: the gill, hepatopancreas, and eyestalk. The results revealed a systemic but highly tissue-specific transcriptomic response. The gill, as the primary interface, exhibited severe structural impairment and critical failure of osmoregulation, highlighted by the significant downregulation of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS). In contrast, the hepatopancreas initiates a profound metabolic trade-off, sacrificing growth-related pathways to bolster a robust antioxidant defense system, as evidenced by the activation of sulfur metabolism and high protein turnover. The eyestalk displayed a striking disconnect between hyperactivated stress signaling pathways (e.g., mTOR/FoxO) and the collapse of its protein secretory machinery, marked by the suppression of the ER translocon component Sec61. Collectively, our findings suggest that lethal alkalinity toxicity in P. vannamei results from systemic collapse driven by a complex interplay of osmoregulatory failure, metabolic trade-offs, and endocrine disruption. This study provides a comprehensive molecular snapshot of an organism at its physiological limit, offering novel insights into the adaptive strategies and ultimate tolerance boundaries of crustaceans in extreme environments.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

The effectiveness of protective behavioral strategies for reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related harms among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: Excessive alcohol consumption is a major public health concern. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are widely incorporated into alcohol interventions, but their effectiveness and role as mechanisms of behavior change remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of PBS-based interventions on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and PBS use. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and ProQuest were searched from inception to December 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults (≥18 years) delivering PBS as an active intervention component. Random-effects meta-analyses using Hedges' g examined alcohol quantity, drinking frequency, alcohol-related problems, and PBS use. RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs were included, predominantly involving young adults attending U.S. universities. PBS interventions increased protective strategy use (g=0.23, p=0.005 after outlier removal), but alcohol effects were modest: no change in quantity (g=-0.05, p=0.162), small reduction in frequency (g=-0.09, p=0.014), and marginal reduction in problems (g=-0.07, p=0.052; significant in sensitivity analysis). Subgroup findings suggested greater effects at longer follow-up and when PBS was incorporated into multi-component interventions. Evidence supporting PBS as a mechanism of change was limited and inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: PBS-based interventions produce modest, context-dependent effects on alcohol outcomes. Most evidence comes from young U.S. university students, underscoring the need for studies in more diverse adult populations and further mechanistic research.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Impact of oxytocin discontinuation on fetal heart rate and uterine contractility: A pre-specified ancillary analysis embedded within a randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: Oxytocin is widely used to augment uterine contractions during labor. However, its use has been associated with fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities and neonatal morbidity, which may be reduced by discontinuing oxytocin during labor. We aimed to assess the impact of oxytocin discontinuation at the onset of the active phase of labor on FHR patterns and uterine contractility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a pre-specified ancillary analysis of the STOPOXY trial, a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled superiority trial conducted in 21 French maternity units between January 2020 and January 2022, which aimed to assess the impact of oxytocin discontinuation during active labor on neonatal morbidity. Participants who received oxytocin before 4 cm dilation were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oxytocin discontinuation or oxytocin continuation. For the present analysis, we included women from the per-protocol discontinuation group of the parent trial. Inclusion was restricted to the six centers with electronic cardiotocography storage where valid cardiotocography recordings were available for at least 1 h before and 1 h after oxytocin discontinuation. Using a paired before-and-after design, FHR parameters (classified according to FIGO criteria) and uterine activity were compared during the 60 min preceding versus the 60 min following oxytocin discontinuation by independent obstetricians blinded to neonatal outcomes. Changes in FHR pattern were categorized as no change, improvement, or deterioration. RESULTS: 284 women fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Following oxytocin discontinuation, mean FHR increased (135 vs. 137.5 bpm; p < 0.002) and FHR variability significantly changed (p = 0.010), with a lower rate of reduced variability (3.9% vs. 2.5%) and a higher rate of normal variability (48.2% vs. 53.3%). The proportion of tracings with decelerations significantly decreased (64.1% vs. 48.6%; p < 0.001). Uterine activity decreased, with fewer uterine contractions (4.0 vs. 3.5 contractions per 10 min; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among women receiving oxytocin during early labor, discontinuation at the onset of the active phase was associated with improved FHR patterns and reduced uterine activity, suggesting a lower fetal stress and tachysystole. Further studies are needed to assess whether these changes affect labor management or maternal experience.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Barefoot ambulation following partial foot amputation: A systematic review of biomechanical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Partial foot amputation (PFA) is increasingly performed due to rising prevalence of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. While PFA may preserve gait and reduce energy expenditure compared with transtibial amputation, biomechanical deficits are common. This review aimed to evaluate biomechanical outcomes during baref following PFA. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched for studies reporting biomechanical outcomes in adults with PFA without prosthesis. Eligible outcomes included spatiotemporal metrics, joint kinematics and kinetics, plantar pressures, and ground reaction forces. FINDINGS: Twelve studies including a total of 101 participants met inclusion criteria. Across studies, PFA was associated with impaired barefoot gait. This included spatiotemporal changes, such as reduced walking speed and shorter step length, and kinetic changes, such as reduced ankle power. Elevated plantar pressures were commonly reported, particularly in the forefoot and midfoot, highlighting loading abnormalities in the residuum. Several studies also described proximal compensatory strategies at the knee and hip, suggesting that biomechanical consequences extend beyond the foot and ankle. However, the evidence base was limited by small sample sizes, inconsistent protocols, and substantial heterogeneity. INTERPRETATION: Barefoot walking is impaired after partial foot amputation and the degree of dysfunction may vary by amputation level. Abnormal loading and compensatory changes may extend beyond the foot and ankle to the knee and hip. Given the limited and methodologically heterogeneous evidence, larger prospective studies with standardised biomechanical outcomes are needed to clarify the effects of amputation level and aetiology. This standardisation is important to inform surgical planning, rehabilitation, and prosthetic device design.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Single antiplatelet therapy and tirofiban bridged with surface modified flow diverters for ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms: single center experience and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery are rare but high risk lesions that frequently re-rupture due to their fragile structure and dissecting pathology. Treatment is particularly challenging in ruptured cases, given the risks associated with dual antiplatelet therapy. Recent advancements in flow diverter stents (FDSs) with surface modifications, and the use of single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), offer a potential alternative strategy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 17 patients with ruptured internal carotid artery BBAs treated with surface modified FDS under SAPT (ticagrelor or prasugrel) bridged periprocedurally with intravenous tirofiban. All procedures were performed within the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical, radiographic outcomes, and procedure related complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Among 17 patients, 94.1% achieved complete angiographic occlusion, and 76.5% attained favorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2). No aneurysm rebleeding or device related ischemic events occurred. A total of 11 patients underwent external ventricular drainage or ventriculoperitoneal shunting without discontinuing SAPT, and no hemorrhagic complications were observed. A literature review incorporating seven additional series identified a total of 42 FDS plus SAPT treated BBA cases, with similar safety and efficacy profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Surface modified FDS with SAPT and tirofiban bridging appears to be a promising treatment option for ruptured BBAs, offering high occlusion rates with minimal thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Metabolic depot for nucleated erythrocyte degradation: molecular and structural elucidation of the teleost melanomacrophage center.

The function of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) has long been controversial. While their foundational function is widely accepted as "metabolic dumps" for waste processing, a widely circulated hypothesis posits that they are primitive germinal centers (GCs) executing adaptive immunity. To elucidate this controversy, this study systematically evaluated the splenic MMCs in a higher teleost ( Micropterus salmoides) by combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution spatial transcriptomics. Structurally, TEM revealed that the MMC comprises a core with characteristic sparse cellular density, filled with cellular debris and encapsulated by a fibrous layer. Molecularly, under physiological conditions, MMC regions exhibited low transcriptional activity. We did not detect clear enrichment of B cell and T cell lineage genes, and the key GC marker aicda was not observed. Conversely, its predominant molecular signature was characterized by macrophage-driven iron metabolism (e.g., ferritin) and erythrocyte degradation (e.g., hba1). Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of MMCs pigments (e.g., argyrophilia) suggest that traditional histological staining methods warrant cautious interpretation regarding potential non-specific signals. In conclusion, our findings characterize the MMC as a highly specialized metabolic processing and sequestration niche. This study provides new perspectives on the evolution of immune-metabolic homeostasis in poikilothermic vertebrates, advances comparative immunology, and offers a critical scientific reference for the accurate interpretation of MMCs as a biological indicator in pathology and ecotoxicology.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Gut microbial diversity at baseline conditions the clinical, microbiome, and metabolic response to paraprobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5282 in overweight adults.

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a target for obesity management; however, whether baseline gut microbial diversity conditions responsiveness to microbiota-targeted interventions remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether baseline gut microbial diversity is associated with responsiveness to a paraprobiotic derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5282 (LP5282-P) in overweight adults. In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of 120 overweight adults, LP5282-P produced no significant between-group differences in any clinical outcome across the overall per-protocol population. However, in the low-diversity subgroup, LP5282-P was associated with significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, and circulating leptin levels. These clinical changes were accompanied by compositional shifts in the gut microbiota, including higher relative abundances of Christensenellaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Alistipes. Fecal metabolite profiles showed elevated acetate and butyrate concentrations and altered bile acid composition. Within the low-diversity subgroup, changes in the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Eubacterium were inversely correlated with changes in body weight, body fat mass, and leptin levels. In contrast, the high-diversity subgroup exhibited no consistent response across the outcome domains examined. Overall, baseline gut microbial diversity was associated with differential responsiveness to LP5282-P, supporting its potential use as a stratification variable in future microbiota-targeted intervention trials. Further studies integrating direct measures of microbial activity and host response are warranted to elucidate the biological pathways underlying this diversity-dependent responsiveness. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT0008119.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

New insights into soil amendment: Impact of humic acid on typical antibiotic resistance in agricultural soil.

Humic acid (HA) addition can improve agricultural soil, but little is known about how it affects the soil resistome. In this study, we used selective agar plate combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate how HA influences antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in soil contaminated with erythromycin and kanamycin. 0.1 % HA reduced the abundance of culturable erythromycin-resistant bacteria (ERB), while promoting the growth of kanamycin-resistant bacteria (KRB). Lysinibacillus and Paenibacillus were the dominant genera in ERB and KRB, respectively, governing the changes in their abundances. At this concentration, the Lysinibacillus abundance in ERB decreased from 96.74 % to 70.57 %. Meanwhile, that of Paenibacillus in KRB increased from 33.40 % to 77.44 %. The copy number of ermF decreased after HA addition, while that of ermB increased. Furthermore, 0.1 % HA significantly reduced the copy number and relative abundance of aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib (aka aacA4)-03 in the soil. Changes in these two types of ARB and ARGs were primarily driven by shifts in the microbial community structure. Soil physicochemical properties, particularly increased organic matter (OM), altered the absolute abundance of ermB. Meanwhile, changes in intI1 abundance determined the risk associated with aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib (aka aacA4)-03. These findings emphasize the dual role of HA in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils and highlight the necessity of considering dose-dependent effects when applying HA as a soil amendment.

Soil Microbiology↗

PubMed2026

Breastfeeding Outcomes After Radiofrequency Ablation and Surgical Excision of Fibroadenomas Compared to Natural History: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Fibroadenomas, common benign breast tumors in women of reproductive age, are increasingly managed with minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or surgical excision. However, their impact on breastfeeding outcomes remains underexplored. We aimed to assess breastfeeding ability and breast tissue changes in women treated with RFA or surgery compared to those with untreated fibroadenomas. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 153 women with biopsy-confirmed fibroadenomas across five groups: RFA with prior breastfeeding (RFA-PreBF; n = 26), RFA with posttreatment breastfeeding (RFA-PostBF; n = 22), surgical excision with prior breastfeeding (Surgical-PreBF; n = 30), surgical excision with posttreatment breastfeeding (Surgical-PostBF; n = 20), and noninterventional with breastfeeding (Observation-BF; n = 55). Breastfeeding ability was assessed using a 5-point scale, and breast tissue changes were evaluated via ultrasound at 18 months, and all breastfeeding attempts occurred at a minimum of 12 months postprocedure. Fisher's exact test compared complete lactation failure rates, and a power analysis validated the study design (Fig. 1). FINDINGS: The combined RFA group (n = 48) had a higher complete lactation failure rate (14.6%) than the Observation-BF group (3.6%; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.045). Similarly, the combined surgical group (n = 50) had a higher complete lactation failure rate (16.0%) than the Observation-BF group (p = 0.034). When pooled, the combined intervention group (n = 98) showed a complete lactation failure rate of 15.3% versus 3.6% in the Observation-BF group. Residual tissue correlated with lactation impairment in the RFA group (Spearman's ρ, p < 0.05). Ultrasound showed no tumor recurrence, with cystic changes in some cases not linked to breastfeeding impairment. Power analysis confirmed 80% power to detect a medium effect size (f = 0.25, Fig. 1), supporting the study's robustness.7 RFA-PreBF (n = 26), RFA-PostBF (n = 22), Surgical-PreBF (n = 30), Surgical-PostBF (n = 20), and Observation-BF (n = 55). Breastfeeding ability was assessed using a 5-point scale, and breast tissue changes were evaluated via ultrasound at 18 months. Fisher's exact test compared complete lactation failure rates, and a power analysis validated the study design (Fig. 1).[Figure: see text]Interpretation:RFA and surgical excision are effective for fibroadenoma management but increase the risk of complete lactation failure compared to untreated fibroadenomas. Careful patient selection, precise procedural techniques, and vigilant posttreatment monitoring are essential to optimize breastfeeding outcomes, particularly for women planning future pregnancies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

ReMeDy: A Flexible Statistical Framework for Region-Based Detection of DNA Methylation Dysregulation.

Region-based epigenome-wide association studies have demonstrated improved statistical power and biological interpretability compared with probe-wise analyses of DNA methylation data. However, most existing region-based methods characterize methylation dysregulation primarily through changes in mean methylation levels associated with a phenotype of interest. Substantial evidence indicates that phenotype-associated methylation alterations may also manifest through changes in methylation variability or through joint shifts in mean and variability. Despite this, no existing statistical framework jointly models mean-variance methylation changes in a region-based manner. We propose ReMeDy, a flexible statistical framework that uses a hierarchical likelihood approach within a generalized linear model setting to identify differentially methylated regions, variably methylated regions, and regions exhibiting joint differential and variable methylation at a genome-wide scale. Unlike existing models, ReMeDy operates directly on biologically defined co-methylated regions, allowing it to naturally capture spatial correlation inherent in DNA methylation array data, while avoiding reliance on heuristic, user-defined tuning parameters such as smoothing spans and kernel bandwidths that can substantially influence results and introduce subjectivity. Through extensive simulation studies and comprehensive benchmarking against popular models, we demonstrate that ReMeDy maintains false discovery and Type-I error rates at nominal levels while achieving consistently higher statistical power across a wide range of realistic scenarios. Application to population-level DNA methylation data further shows that ReMeDy identifies biologically meaningful regions and pathways implicated in complex human diseases that are not captured by conventional mean-based analyses alone. ReMeDy is implemented as an open-source R package and is freely available at https://github.com/SChatLab/ReMeDy.

DNA Methylation↗

PubMed2026

Comparative effectiveness and safety of pharmacological interventions for sleep outcomes in chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among individuals with chronic non-cancer pain and are associated with worse pain severity and poorer prognosis. The comparative trade-offs between the effectiveness and safety of available pharmacotherapies for sleep outcomes in this population remain poorly defined. Ninety-eight RCTs involving 28,920 participants (mean age 53.2 years, 71.2% female) were included. Moderate-certainty evidence demonstrated that melatonin significantly improved sleep quality compared with placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.60, 95%CI: -0.98, -0.22). Ten agents (e.g., amitriptyline, oxycodone, gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine) also showed statistically significant improvements in subjective sleep quality (SMD = -0.24 to -1.07), but most effects were supported by low-certainty evidence and were accompanied by an increased risk of adverse events (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90 to 37.00). Conversely, melatonin was not associated with an increased risk (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.19, 3.94). Our findings indicate that melatonin shows promise as a safe, adjunctive option for improving sleep quality in this population, but larger, condition-specific trials are warranted to confirm these effects. Other pharmacological agents are limited by lower-certainty and unfavorable safety profiles. These results should be interpreted cautiously given limited direct comparisons, heterogeneous chronic pain populations, the high proportion of trials at high risk of bias, and the predominance of subjective sleep outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation Versus Open Surgery for Benign Breast Disease: Impact on Postoperative Lactation.

BACKGROUND: Benign breast disease (BBD) is common in adult women. While ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) is an established minimally invasive treatment, its comparative impact on postoperative lactation, particularly mastitis, remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate mastitis outcomes following MWA versus open surgery for BBD. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 79 patients (105 nodules) treated between January 2018 and August 2023 were included 41 patients (62 nodules) underwent MWA and 38 patients (43 nodules) underwent open surgery. All patients lactated within 5 years post-procedure. The primary outcome was the incidence of lactational mastitis without systemic symptoms (MWoSS) and mastitis with systemic symptoms (MSS). Patient satisfaction was also assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of MWoSS was significantly lower in the MWA group (19.5%) than in the open surgery group (50.0%). Similarly, MSS occurred in 4.9% of the MWA group versus 34.2% of the open surgery group. Multivariate analysis identified open surgery as an independent risk factor, associated with a 4.13-fold increased risk of MWoSS (OR = 4.125, 95% CI: 1.517-11.218) and a 10.14-fold increased risk of MSS (OR = 10.140, 95% CI: 2.107-48.793). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the MWA group (9.29 ± 0.72 vs. 8.15 ± 1.13, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared to open surgery, ultrasound-guided MWA for BBD is associated with a significantly lower risk of postoperative mastitis and higher patient satisfaction, supporting its use for women of reproductive age, particularly when future breastfeeding is planned.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Liquid biopsy-based detection of circulating and exfoliated cholangiocarcinoma tumor cells from blood and bile using heparan sulfate octasaccharides on integrated microfluidic systems.

Early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains challenging because existing diagnostic approaches often lack sufficient sensitivity for reliable detection of early-stage disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and exfoliated tumor cells (ETCs) in bile represent valuable targets for liquid biopsy-based detection; however, their low abundance and the complexity of clinical sample analysis pose substantial technical challenges for reliable enrichment and identification. Herein, we present a reproducible workflow for isolating and identifying CCA tumor cells from blood for CTCs and bile for ETCs using synthetic cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) octasaccharide-functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) on integrated microfluidic systems. The method combined sample pre-processing, magnetic bead-based enrichment, controlled low-shear mixing and immunofluorescence-based identification into a unified workflow compatible with distinct clinical sample types. Key operational parameters, including MB concentration, mixing frequency, and pressure settings, were detailed to facilitate consistent performance. Using this workflow, tumor cell capture rates of approximately 70% in bile (for ETCs) and blood (for CTCs) were achieved, with a total processing time of 60-90 min per sample under clinically relevant low-abundance conditions. The platform enables reliable detection of as few as 1 tumor cell per mL of blood or bile. This method provides a practical and adaptable strategy for glycosaminoglycan-mediated liquid biopsy applications and may be extended to other tumor-cell enrichment workflows involving heterogeneous cell-surface interactions.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Unraveling the c-Myc-CASC19/HDAC1-NPM1 epigenetic axis: A novel regulatory circuitry and therapeutic target in gastric carcinogenesis.

Mounting evidence implicates long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 19 (CASC19) in the pathogenesis of diverse malignancies. However, its functional role and molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive. Herein, we identified a novel 717-bp transcript isoform of CASC19 in GC cells. This study aimed to delineate the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of this novel CASC19 transcript in GC pathogenesis. CASC19 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, correlating with adverse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in GC patients. Functional investigations demonstrated that CASC19 overexpression potentiated GC cell proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas CASC19 knockdown attenuated these malignant phenotypes and suppressed tumorigenesis in xenograft models. Mechanistically, CASC19 functioned as a molecular scaffold by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) promoter. This recruitment sustained H3K27 deacetylation, thereby transcriptionally repressing NPM1 promoter activity and accelerating gastric carcinogenesis. Crucially, Depletion of HDAC1 or NPM1 partial rescued CASC19-mediated oncogenic effects. Intriguingly, the transcription factor c-Myc was found to transcriptionally activate CASC19 through direct binding to its promoter region. Collectively, our findings indicate that the c-Myc-CASC19/HDAC1-NPM1 axis acts as a potential prognostic biomarker candidate for GC and may represent a therapeutic vulnerability worthy of future investigation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Distinct molecular responses to acute cold exposure revealed by comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians.

Acute cold stress can elicit distinct molecular responses even when bay scallop populations show similar phenotypic outcomes. We compared a seventh-generation fast-growing bay scallop line (BS) with a commercial control population (CC) during a 72-h acute cold exposure at -1 ± 0.3 °C. RNA-seq was used as the discovery layer, representative BS cold-responsive genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR, and paired LC-MS profiles provided a comparative metabolic layer. At baseline, 138 genes differed between BS and CC; after cold exposure, 134 of these baseline differences disappeared and 61 of 65 cold-state differences newly emerged. BS showed a larger transcriptomic response magnitude than CC, with 1129 cold-responsive genes compared with 28 genes in CC, and this ordering remained robust across multiple sensitivity analyses. Survival after 72 h was identical in BS and CC (83/90, 92.2% in each population). Biochemical responses were time-dependent and marker-specific: CAT, LZM, T-SOD and T-AOC showed population-by-time interactions, whereas GSH-Px and MDA did not, and the 72-h differences were not consistently favourable to BS. Metabolomic cold effects were strongly concordant between populations, and no feature showed a significant population-by-cold interaction. Features putatively assigned to arachidonic acid metabolism were enriched, but this provider-annotated pathway signal remains exploratory because authentic-standard confirmation was not performed. These findings indicate population-specific differences in molecular responsiveness but do not establish superior cold tolerance in BS.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Development and protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine candidate against goose astrovirus.

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) is a significant pathogen affecting goslings by inducing visceral gout, yet no commercial vaccine is currently available. This study involved the serial passaging of the GAstV-GXNN strain in LMH cells to investigate alterations in viral replication, genomic stability, and pathogenicity, as well as to assess the potential of a vaccine candidate. The findings indicated that the viral titer increased progressively with each passage, reaching 107.35 TCID50/mL by the 120th passage (GAstV-GXNNP120). Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of 6, 19, 26, and 28 nucleotide mutations at the 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th passages, respectively. Pathogenicity assays demonstrated a reduction in virulence with successive passages, culminating in the complete attenuation of GAstV-GXNNP120, which did not induce clinical signs or lesions in one-day-old goslings. Following five successive passages in goslings, the attenuated strain exhibited stable genetic characteristics without any reversion to virulence. Goslings aged one day, inoculated with GAstV-GXNNP120 at dosages ranging from 102.0 to 105.0 TCID50, developed neutralizing antibodies by the third day post-vaccination. Antibody levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, peaking at day 21 and remaining elevated through day 42. Challenge experiments utilizing the virulent GAstV-GXNN strain revealed that groups vaccinated with doses of 103.0 TCID50 and above achieved complete protection. These groups exhibited no clinical symptoms or pathological damage post-challenge, and both tissue viral loads and virus shedding levels were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Consequently, the minimum effective vaccination dose was established at 103.0 TCID50. These results provide a crucial foundation for the development of a live attenuated GAstV vaccine.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effects of acute resistance exercise on prefrontal oxygenation and task-switching performance: Considerations of loading strategies and blood flow restriction.

Although acute resistance exercise (RE) has been proposed to influence cognitive flexibility and underlying neural mechanisms, it remains unclear whether these effects vary across loading strategies and whether exercise-induced prefrontal hemodynamic responses translate into cognitive outcomes. The present study examined (1) prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) responses across exercise sets and conditions, (2) the effects of low-load (LL), LL with blood flow restriction (BFR), and high-load (HL) RE on task-switching performance, and (3) whether exercise-related PFC O2Hb responses were associated with pre- to post-exercise changes in task-switching performance. Thirty physically active adults completed three randomized, counterbalanced RE conditions consisting of four sets of barbell squats. LL was performed at 30% one-repetition maximum (1RM) with and without BFR, whereas HL was performed at 70% 1RM. Cognitive flexibility was assessed pre- and post-exercise using a modified Stroop task, indexed by switch-cost reaction time (RT) and accuracy. PFC O2Hb was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise and expressed as changes from the resting baseline for each set (Sets 1-4). PFC O2Hb increased across sets, rising from Set 1 to Set 3 before plateauing, with no differences observed across conditions. Switch cost RT and accuracy did not improve from pre- to post-exercise, and no differences across conditions were detected. PFC O2Hb during the final set was not associated with changes in switch cost. These findings suggest that although acute RE elicits robust increases in prefrontal hemodynamic activity, such responses may not translate into acute improvements in cognitive flexibility.

Humans↗