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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Maternal schooling and comprehension of child health information in urban Zambia: is literacy a missing link in the maternal schooling-child health relationship?

This paper examines the relationship between literacy skills and comprehension of health information by studying mothers of young children in a high-density urban area in Zambia. Both decontextualized language and print literacy skills were assessed for each woman and the resulting scores were related to her comprehension of both broadcast and printed health information. The results indicate that fluency in a language is not sufficient for full comprehension of broadcast messages in the decontextualized type of language used in bureaucratic communication, and that a woman's ability to use decontextualized language is associated with greater comprehension of such messages. Skill in using this type of language increases with years of schooling, even in the poorly equipped schools in Zambia, as does print literacy, even though the levels of comprehension achieved are well below their grade level on average for these women. Some implications of these findings for both health care providers and educators are then considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A survey of community child health audit.

Community child health medical audit is established in most districts surveyed. A minority have integrated audit with hospital paediatric units. Very few districts use an external auditor. Subject audit is preferred to individual performance audit and school health services were the most common services subjected to medical audit. The need for integrated audit and audit forms suitable for use in the community services is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Financing of pediatric home health care. Committee on Child Health Financing, Section on Home Care, American Academy of Pediatrics.

In certain situations, home health care has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to inpatient hospital care. National health expenditures reveal that pediatric home health costs totaled $5.3 billion in 2000. Medicaid is the major payer for pediatric home health care (77%), followed by other public sources (22%). Private health insurance and families each paid less than 1% of pediatric home health expenses. The most important factors affecting access to home health care are the inadequate supply of clinicians and ancillary personnel, shortages of home health nurses with pediatric expertise, inadequate payment, and restrictive insurance and managed care policies. Many children must stay in the NICU, PICU, and other pediatric wards and intermediate care areas at a much higher cost because of inadequate pediatric home health care services. The main financing problem pertaining to Medicaid is low payment to home health agencies at rates that are insufficient to provide beneficiaries access to home health services. Although home care services may be a covered benefit under private health plans, most do not cover private-duty nursing (83%), home health aides (45%), or home physical, occupational, or speech therapy (33%) and/or impose visit or monetary limits or caps. To advocate for improvements in financing of pediatric home health care, the American Academy of Pediatrics has developed several recommendations for public policy makers, federal and state Medicaid offices, private insurers, managed care plans, Title V officials, and home health care professionals. These recommendations will improve licensing, payment, coverage, and research related to pediatric home health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

All Kids Count Connections: a community of practice on integrating child health information systems.

Integrated child health information systems consolidate data about multiple health care services a child receives into information useful to families, private health care providers, public health officials, and others. The challenges to successful integration faced by public health agencies are similar, yet system integration projects have historically struggled in isolation to overcome these barriers. All Kids Count created a community of practice called Connections to bring together 11 state and local public health agencies engaged in child health information system integration projects to learn from each other, capture best practices, and collaboratively address challenges. As demonstrated by All Kids Count Connections, communities of practice can be employed by geographically distributed public health agencies to address complex issues.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Towards quality of care in child health programmes: a challenge for the partnership in health and social sciences.

Several child health care programmes, though often well conceived, are poorly implemented at field level and focus primarily on quantitative achievements to the neglect of quality of care. This paper presents a quality of care (QOC) framework for child health programmes from the perspectives of the management system of an organization and the provider-client interface at point of service delivery. The paper subsequently describes the application of qualitative and quantitative research tools drawn from the social sciences and health sciences for planning and evaluating quality of care. An integrated and complementary use of these tools is recommended. It is suggested that minimum standards, which are region specific, be articulated for quality maintenance in child health programmes. These standards may be upgraded as quality improves. Finally, the challenges which a partnership of the health and social sciences may have to take up are discussed. These include advocacy for prioritization of QOC in child health programmes, facilitating an environment which supports quality of care, promoting inter-disciplinary action research, training students in social science research in universities and research organizations, documenting success stories.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Child care and common communicable illnesses: results from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between experiences in child care and communicable illnesses (gastrointestinal tract illness, upper respiratory tract infection, and ear infections or otitis media) throughout the first 3 years of life and to investigate whether increased frequency of these illnesses is related to language development, school readiness, and behavior problems. DESIGN: Health, child care, family, and child developmental data were obtained from more than 1200 participants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care, a 10-site prospective study that began at the participants' birth. Longitudinal logistic regression analyses were performed using each type of communicable illness as the outcome variable, with family, child, and child care variables as predictors in the model, and followed by a series of regression analyses with developmental measures as the outcome variables. RESULTS: Rates of illness were higher in children in child care than for children reared exclusively at home during the first 2 years of life, but the differences were nonsignificant by age 3 years. Number of hours in child care per week during the first year and number of other children in the child care arrangement were related to the rates of illness. There was no evidence that increased rates of illness have a negative effect on school readiness or language competence. However, there was some evidence that increased illness was associated with behavior problems as reported by mothers, but not by child care providers. CONCLUSIONS: Children in child care experience more bouts of illness in the first 2 years of life, but differences are negligible by age 3 years. The increased rates of illness bear little relation to other aspects of children's development, except, perhaps, for a small increase in behavior problems.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Typology of local health departments based on maternal and child health core functions.

A survey of Missouri local health departments (LHDs) was conducted to measure core public health functions within maternal and child health (MCH). Measurement was based on a prior key informant study that defined each core function as a set of specific MCH activities, programs, and services. The 59 items in the survey operationalized these activities and enabled the creation of summary scores for assessment, policy development, and assurance. Participation included 93 of the 112 Missouri LHDs (83%) in 1995. Reliability coefficients for the summary scores ranged from .83 to .92. Cluster analysis produced six types of LHDs with differing core function patterns. By matching efforts to improve core function practice to LHD type, more efficient use of capacity building resources may result.

Female↗