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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Monitoring midline shift by transcranial color-coded sonography in traumatic brain injury. A comparison with cranial computerized tomography.

OBJECTIVE: Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCDS) is a non invasive bedside technique that allows the determination of midline shift (MLS). The purpose of our study was to compare MLS measurements using TCCDS with those obtained with cranial computerized tomography (CT) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTINGS: Intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Forty-one traumatic brain-injured patients (35 men and 6 women). INTERVENTIONS: A total of 60 studies were conducted with a time interval between the cranial CT and the TCCDS studies of 322+/-216 min. RESULTS: The coefficient of correlation between MLS measured by CT and TCCDS was 0.88, the bias was 0.12 mm, the precision was 1.08 mm and the limits of agreement were +2.33 to -2.07 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in MLS measured by the two techniques in terms of: sex, age or type of lesion according to the Traumatic Coma Data Bank classification. CONCLUSION: The TCCDS is a non-invasive bedside technique that is valid for determining MLS in patients with traumatic brain injury. Due to the risks involved in the transportation of traumatic brain-injured patients to the radiology department, this bedside technique is specially interesting in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Mineralization of paracetamol in aqueous medium by anodic oxidation with a boron-doped diamond electrode.

The degradation of 100ml of solutions with paracetamol (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide) up to 1 g l(-1) in the pH range 2.0-12.0 has been studied by anodic oxidation in a cell with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a graphite cathode, both of 3-cm2 area, by applying a current of 100, 300 and 450 mA between 25 and 45 degrees C. Complete mineralization is always achieved due to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (*OH) generated at the BDD surface, with release of NH4+ and NO3- ions. The mineralization rate is pH-independent, increases with increasing applied current and temperature, but decreases when drug concentration raises from 315 mg l(-1). Reversed-phase chromatography revealed a similar complex paracetamol decay in acid and alkaline media. Ion-exclusion chromatography allowed the detection of oxalic and oxamic acids as ultimate carboxylic acids. When the same solutions have been comparatively treated with a Pt anode, a quite poor mineralization is found because of the production of much lower *OH concentration. Under these conditions, the degradation rate is enhanced in alkaline medium and polymerization of intermediates is favored in concentrated solutions. Paracetamol can be completely destroyed with Pt and its kinetics follows a pseudo-first-order reaction with a constant rate independent of pH.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2006

Electrochemical combustion of herbicide mecoprop in aqueous medium using a flow reactor with a boron-doped diamond anode.

The anodic oxidation of 1.8l of solutions with mecoprop (2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-propionic acid or MCPP) up to 0.64 g l(-1) in Na2SO4 as background electrolyte within the pH range 2.0-12.0 has been studied using a flow plant containing a one-compartment filter-press electrolytic reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel cathode, both of 20-cm2 area. Electrolyses carried out in batch under steady conditions and operating at constant current density between 50 and 150 mA cm(-2) always yield complete mineralization due to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical generated at the BDD anode. The degradation rate is practically independent of pH and Na2SO4 concentration, but it becomes faster with increasing MCPP concentration, current density, temperature and liquid flow rate. The effect of these parameters on current efficiency and energy cost has also been investigated. Generated weak oxidants such as H2O2 and peroxodisulfate ion have little influence on the mineralization process. The kinetics for the herbicide decay follows a pseudo first-order reaction with a higher rate constant when current density increases. Aromatic products such as 4-chloro-o-cresol, 2-methylhydroquinone and 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone, and generated carboxylic acids such as maleic, fumaric, lactic, pyruvic, tartronic, acetic and oxalic, have been identified as intermediates by chromatographic techniques. The initial chlorine is completely released in the form of chloride ion, which is slowly oxidized to Cl2 at the BDD anode. A reaction pathway for MCPP mineralization involving all products detected is proposed.

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Degradation of clofibric acid in acidic aqueous medium by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton.

Acidic aqueous solutions of clofibric acid (2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid), the bioactive metabolite of various lipid-regulating drugs, have been degraded by indirect electrooxidation methods such as electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton with Fe(2+) as catalyst using an undivided electrolytic cell with a Pt anode and an O(2)-diffusion cathode able to electrogenerate H(2)O(2). At pH 3.0 about 80% of mineralization is achieved with the electro-Fenton method due to the efficient production of oxidant hydroxyl radical from Fenton's reaction between Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2), but stable Fe(3+) complexes are formed. The photoelectro-Fenton method favors the photodecomposition of these species under UVA irradiation, reaching more than 96% of decontamination. The mineralization current efficiency increases with rising metabolite concentration up to saturation and with decreasing current density. The photoelectro-Fenton method is then viable for treating acidic wastewaters containing this pollutant. Comparative degradation by anodic oxidation (without Fe(2+)) yields poor decontamination. Chloride ion is released during all degradation processes. The decay kinetics of clofibric acid always follows a pseudo-first-order reaction, with a similar rate constant in electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton that increases with rising current density, but decreases at greater metabolite concentration. 4-Chlorophenol, 4-chlorocatechol, 4-chlororesorcinol, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol, along with carboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxyisobutyric, tartronic, maleic, fumaric, formic and oxalic, are detected as intermediates. The ultimate product is oxalic acid, which forms very stable Fe(3+)-oxalato complexes under electro-Fenton conditions. These complexes are efficiently photodecarboxylated in photoelectro-Fenton under the action of UVA light.

Clofibric Acid↗
PubMed2004

Cardioprotective activity of Hydrocotyle asiatica L. in ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial infarction in rats.

The alcoholic extract of Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn. (Hydrocotyle asiatica L.) whole plant was evaluated for cardioprotective activity against ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial infarction in rats. Cardioprotective activity was studied by measuring infarct size and estimating lipid peroxide levels in serum and heart tissue. A lead II electrocardiogram was monitored at various intervals throughout the experiment. A dose (100-1000 mg kg(-1)) dependent reduction in percent left ventricle necrosis (PLVN) as well as in lipid peroxide levels was observed in rats treated with alcoholic extract of Hydrocotyle asiatica L. orally for 7 days compared to control animals. The study strongly suggests the cardioprotective activity of Hydrocotyle asiatica L. in limiting ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Herbal remedies for anxiety - a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.

Anxiety is a prominent indication for herbal medicine. This systematic review was therefore aimed at summarising the evidence for or against the anxiolytic efficacy of such treatments. Six databases were searched for all randomised clinical trials testing herbal monopreparations in the alleviation of anxiety. Seven such studies and one systematic review were located. Eight different herbals were studied. The herbal medicines, which, according to these data are associated with anxiolytic activity in humans, are Piper methysticum and Bacopa monniera. Only for kava were independent replications available. It was concluded that there is a lack of rigorous studies in this area and that only kava has been shown beyond reasonable doubt to have anxiolytic effects in humans.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed2006

Effects of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides extract on transplanted tumors and immune function in mice.

This paper describes the effects of an ethanolic extract of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides on transplanted tumors and immunologic function in mice. When the H. sibthorpioides extract was administered orally at a dose of 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg body wt./day for 10 days, the inhibition rates for murine hepatic carcinoma clone (Hep), sarcoma 180 crocker clone (S(180)), and uterine cervical carcinoma clone (U(14)) were significantly enhanced. The antitumor activity of H. sibthorpioides is comparable to that of the common antitumor agent 5-fluorouracil. Also, our results indicate that the H. sibthorpioides extract promoted the thymus and spleen indices, and humoral immunity of mice. These observations demonstrated that H. sibthorpioides exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of tumors, in addition to mediating immunomodulatory effects in mice.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Immunosuppressive diacetylenes, ceramides and cerebrosides from Hydrocotyle leucocephala.

Three C-17 diacetylenic compounds (1-3), one monoterpenoid (4), seven ceramides (leucoceramides A-G, 5a-g), six cerebrosides (leucocerebrosides A-F, 6a-f) and nine known compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of Hydrocotyle leucocephala. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds 1-3, 5a-g, 6a-f and 7 were shown to be active in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine production assay for IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha.

Acetylene↗
PubMed2004

[Posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistula diagnosed by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography].

The extracranial carotid duplex is a feasible, non invasive technique that is useful for the diagnosis of some intracranial pathologies. We present the case of a patient who was admitted in our unit with a severe traumatic brain injury. An early transcranial color duplex showed a mosaic color flash with unidirectional turbulent flow that was compatible with a posttraumatic carotid cavernous fistula that was confirmed by angio MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone.

The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2003

Facial linear focal elastosis: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Linear focal elastosis is an uncommon disorder that clinically shows band-like stria and a histological focal increase in elastic fibers. The disorder preferentially affects men after the age of 60 years and occurs on the lower back. The pathogenesis of linear focal elastosis is still somewhat of an enigma. METHOD: A 50-year-old farmer presented with an unusual linear lesion on the left side of his chin. The patient was frequently exposed to sun because of fieldwork for a period of more than 40 years. RESULTS: Skin biopsy specimen revealed a massive abnormal collagen deposition extending from the subpapillary dermis to the lower dermis with numerous wavy bundles of fibers. Elastin van Gieson stain for elastic fibers showed that abnormal elastic fibers were increased within a massive abnormal collagen deposition. Diagnosis of facial linear focal elastosis was made after clinicopathological correlation. CONCLUSION: Facial involvement of linear focal elastosis has not been reported previously in the literature. It has been suggested that sunlight has a minor role in the development of elastotic change in linear focal elastosis. However, our patient was a farmer and was exposed to sunlight frequently for a period of more than 40 years, suggesting that ultraviolet radiation may play a role in the pathogenesis of linear focal elastosis.

Centella↗
PubMed1999

Muscle flap reconstruction for the treatment of major sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery: a 10-year analysis.

Infection of a median sternotomy wound is a rare though potentially fatal complication. Despite early diagnosis and proper treatment, prognosis is poor because of the chance of mediastinal spread of the infection and the poor physical state of these patients. Muscle repair is superior to more conservative surgical options such as sternal resuturing with mediastinal irrigation. During the last 10 years, complications--including sternal infections and dehiscences--have been encountered in 172/4725 median sternotomy wounds after cardiac surgery procedures (4%). Thirty-four patients (of whom 30 had acute sternal infections and four chronical sternal infections) underwent aggressive sternal debridement followed by muscle flap closure. Seventy-two muscle flaps were carried out, a pectoralis major bilateral muscle flap being the most common either alone or in combination with a rectus abdominis muscle flap. Five perioperative deaths (15%) were recorded. Of the 29 surviving patients, 25 patients (74%) were free of infection and four (12%) developed recurrence of the infection after a mean follow up of 3 years (range 49 days-8 years). We conclude that although muscle repair is not free of complications, it is reliable in reducing mediastinitis-related morbidity and mortality.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗