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Results for “Calcium Citrate”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Pure versus complicated vulvar vestibulitis: a randomized trial of fluconazole treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a 6-month treatment consisting of a weekly oral dose of 150 mg fluconazole for women with vestibulitis, and to explore the causes of treatment failure. METHODS: Forty women with vestibulitis were randomized to either of two treatment groups. One group received a 6-month low oxalate diet with calcium citrate complement, as a placebo, and the second group the same diet and calcium citrate with the addition of a weekly oral tablet of 150 mg fluconazole. The women were examined 3 months after completing treatment, for response to therapy. RESULTS: The addition of intensive 6-month fluconazole treatment did not lead to an outcome better than that attained by maintaining a low oxalate diet with calcium citrate supplementation. The satisfactory response rate was 15 and 30%, respectively. The presence of 'complicated vestibulitis', candidiasis concomitant with vestibulitis, decreases the satisfactory response rate regardless of the type of treatment administered (odds ratio 19.9, 95% CI 1.6, 250). CONCLUSION: Prolonged oral fluconazole is an ineffective treatment of vestibulitis, whether pure or complicated by concomitant vulvovaginal candidiasis. The coexistence of candidiasis and vestibulitis - complicated vestibulitis - might represent a subset of vestibulitis that is resistant to the currently available medical therapy.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1993

Cica-clamp technique: a method for quantifying parathyroid hormone secretion: a sequential citrate and calcium clamp study.

Objectives of the present study were to establish and investigate a standardized method for quantifying of intact parathyroid hormone secretion during sequential induction of hypo- and hypercalcaemia, and to explore the applicability to these data of a mathematical model derived from in vitro studies as presented in the literature. Twenty-two healthy volunteers aged 20-80 years participated in one or more experiments. The experiments comprised three different protocols of sequential induction of a regular hypocalcaemic (citrate) clamp followed by increases in blood ionized calcium, ending in a regular hypercalcaemic (calcium) clamp. During protocol I, the induction of hypocalcaemia, blood ionized calcium 0.21 mmol l-1 (SD 0.01, n = 76) below baseline, the release of serum parathyroid hormone rapidly increased to a concentration of four to seven times above baseline. The serum parathyroid hormone declined gradually to a steady state of about two to three times above baseline. During stepwise increases in blood ionized calcium, the serum parathyroid hormone rapidly declined to new steady state concentrations. When a hypercalcaemia of 0.20 mmol l-1 (SD 0.02, n = 76) above baseline was reached, serum parathyroid hormone was suppressed to about one-fourth of baseline concentration. Protocol II, the Cica-clamp, and protocol III, are short versions of protocol I using a slow and gradual increase in blood ionized calcium from hypo- to hypercalcaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Dietary citrate treatment of polycystic kidney disease in rats.

Progression of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in the heterozygous male Han:SPRD rat is dramatically slowed by ingestion of potassium or sodium citrate. This study examined the efficacy of delayed therapy with sodium citrate, the effect of sodium citrate therapy on kidney cortex levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and the response to calcium citrate ingestion. Rats were provided with citrate salts in their food, and renal clearance, blood pressure, blood chemistry, and survival determinations were made. Sodium citrate therapy was most effective when started at age 1 month, and delay of therapy until age 3 months produced no benefit. Kidney cortex TGF-beta levels were elevated in 3- and 8-month-old rats with ADPKD, but not in 6-week-old rats. Sodium citrate treatment, started at age 1 month, lowered TGF-beta levels to normal in 3-month-old rats, but this is probably not the primary mechanism of citrate's beneficial effect. Calcium citrate had only a modest effect in preserving glomerular filtration rate. Effective treatment of ADPKD in this rat model requires early administration of a readily absorbed alkalinizing citrate salt. Existing data on ADPKD patients on vegetarian diets or with kidney stones should be studied in light of these findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The inconsistent effects of calcium supplements upon blood pressure in primary hypertension.

The effects of 800 mg of elemental calcium per day (calcium carbonate or calcium citrate) on blood pressure were compared with a placebo in a controlled randomized, crossover, double-blinded trial involving 26 patients with uncomplicated primary hypertension. Each patient took two of the three forms of therapy orally for 8-week intervals with a 2-week washout period in between. Standing mean blood pressure rose an average of 5.7 mm Hg on placebo, rose an average of 0.5 mm Hg on calcium carbonate, and fell an average of 2.2 mm Hg on calcium citrate. Changes in sitting mean pressures averaged +1.9 mm Hg on placebo, -0.4 mm Hg on calcium carbonate, and -0.4 mm Hg on calcium citrate. Some patients had a fall, others had a rise in blood pressure on each form of calcium. Similarly, inconsistent responses were noted among the nine patients who took both forms of calcium. Neither initial nor post-treatment biochemical measures nor patient characteristics were predictive of the blood pressure response. Combinations of various measures and characteristics analyzed by the multiple regression technique explained only 30% of the overall variability in blood pressure. Therefore, until ways can be found to predict the response, calcium supplements should not be routinely prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and, if given for any indication, blood pressure should be monitored.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Excretory pancreas function. Secretion of protein, calcium and citrate in probands with a normal pancreas and in patients with chronic pancreatitis].

Recent studies described an increased concentration of protein and calcium in association with a decreased concentration of citrate in pancreatic juice of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis. These secretory changes may be of importance in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. The present study investigates pancreatic juices of 18 patients without pancreatic disease and 12 patients in an early phase of chronic pancreatitis in order to detect changes of the exocrine function of the pancreas in an early stage of the disease. In all persons the pancreatic juice was collected by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct after i.v. stimulation with secretin and pancreozymin. The outputs and concentrations of protein, calcium and citrate were estimated. All of these parameters did not differ in control subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis by univariate statistical analysis. However, a multivariate analysis detects differences in the biochemical composition of the secretions of controls and patients with chronic pancreatitis (efficiency of discrimination = 100%). Both in controls and in patients with chronic pancreatitis two calcium fractions were found after secretin stimulation: one secretory protein-associated fraction of 94 nmol calcium/mg protein and a protein-independent calcium fraction of 0.248 mmol/l, which diffuses paracellularly from the interstitium into the pancreatic juice. The results show that the secretory function of the exocrine pancreas is already disturbed in an early phase of chronic pancreatitis, whereas an increased lithogenity of the pancreatic juice cannot be detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Citrate as an inhibitor of stone formation--with reference to intestinal citrate absorption and the influence of citrate on intestinal calcium absorption].

The response of serum citrate to the oral citrate load was studied in seven healthy subjects. Serum citrate was significantly elevated from 15 to 60 min post-load with some individual variations. In 27 stone-formers serum citrate and the response to the oral citrate administration was studied and compared with the results obtained on healthy subjects. The serum citrate concentration of stone-formers was 1.99 +/- 0.49 mg/dl as compared to 1.61 +/- 0.35 mg/dl in healthy subjects. After citrate administration serum citrate increased significantly in both groups, but no significant difference was shown in response to the oral citrate load between these two groups (3.44 +/- 0.94 mg/dl in stone-formers, 3.16 +/- 0.38 mg/dl in healthy subjects). In Sprague-Dawley rats each weighing about 200 g urinary citrate and calcium excretion were studied after administration of sodium citrate or calcium chloride or both. The concomitant equimolar administration of sodium citrate and calcium chloride did not have significant influence on urinary citrate or calcium excretion as compared when citrate or calcium was given alone. However, the calcium excretion was significantly decreased with the administration of citrate and calcium ata molar ratio of 1:2.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Estrogen replacement increased the citrate and calcium excretion rates in postmenopausal women with recurrent urolithiasis.

PURPOSE: Epidemiological data indicate a sharp increase in urinary calcium stone formation after menopause. We investigated the role of menopausal estrogen replacement therapy on the urinary constituents and characteristics that may influence recurrent calcium oxalate stone disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary constituents in 28 postmenopausal women on estrogen replacement therapy for more than 6 months were compared with those in 41 women who had never been exposed to estrogen after menopause. These 2 groups had a history of recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. A group of age matched, nonstone forming volunteers who were and were not on estrogen served as controls. RESULTS: The 24-hour urine collection revealed significantly higher mean calcium plus or minus standard deviation (188.8 +/- 101.5 versus 129.2 +/- 80.9 mg./24 hours, p <0.01), citrate (576.6 +/- 237.9 versus 306.2 +/- 209.9 mg./24 hours, p <0.001) and agglomeration inhibition (203 +/- 106 versus 159 +/- 81 minutes, p <0.05) in stone forming women who were versus were not on estrogen. CONCLUSIONS: Higher urinary citrate and higher agglomeration inhibition in women exposed to estrogen may decrease the risk of subsequent calcium stone formation.

Calcium↗
PubMed1993

Dose response dependency in regulation of acute PTH (1-84) release and suppression in normal humans: a citrate and calcium infusion study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible dose response dependency of the very early changes in intact parathyroid hormone concentrations (PTH) on different rates of blood ionized calcium (B-Ca2+) lowering and raising. On 8 different days, four healthy volunteers received trisodium-citrate infusions at five different rates and calcium chloride infusions at three different rates, all of 10 min duration. S-PTH and B-Ca2+ were measured twice before each infusion and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10 min of infusion. The decrements of B-Ca2+ expressed as area under the curve (AUC) correlated with the rate of trisodium-citrate infusions (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) and furthermore, these B-Ca2+ decrements were matched by S-PTH increments expressed as AUC (r = 0.96, p < 0001). Multigroup comparisons on the results of protocol A showed statistical significant (p < 0.02). The increments of B-Ca2+ expressed as AUC correlated with the rate of calcium chloride infusions (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and furthermore, these B-Ca2+ increments were matched by S-PTH decrements measured as AUC (r = 0.95, p > 0.001). Multigroup comparisons on the results of protocol B showed statistical significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, acute B-Ca2+ lowering and raising at different rates promotes stimulation and inhibition of the acute PTH release in rate dependent manner. For this mechanism being distinctly different from the steady state control of PTH secretion, we suggest the term 'delta regulation' (delta, i.e. the sign for change).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Acute biochemical variations induced by two different calcium salts in healthy perimenopausal women.

Despite the potential utility of calcium supplementation and the availability of many calcium supplements in the market, there are few data concerning the absorbability of different calcium salts in different conditions. We have compared the acute metabolic responses following oral administration of calcium citrate (CC) or calcium gluconolactate and carbonate (CGC) given to 20 healthy perimenopausal women (aged 48-55 years). Ten women received two effervescent tablets of CC (each containing 500 mg of calcium) and 10 women received two effervescent tablets of CGC (each containing 500 mg of calcium). Before and on an hourly basis for 6 hours, serum total and ionized calcium, phosphate, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured. Urinary calcium and creatinine were also measured. Both calcium salts induced significant increase in serum total and ionized calcium and in urinary calcium excretion; they also significantly reduced circulating levels of iPTH. The analysis of ionized calcium and iPTH response curves to CC and CGC administration revealed a significantly greater bioavailability of CC compared with CGC. Our data suggest that CC could be prefered to CGC for its characteristics of absorbability and bioavailability.

Calcium↗