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PubMed1991

Effects of calcium chloride administration on the postischemic isolated rat heart.

Hypercalcemic reperfusion of the postischemic heart has been associated with ventricular dysfunction and with ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria. The isolated working rat heart model was used to correlate ventricular function, mitochondrial damage, and high-energy phosphate content with degree and timing of hypercalcemia during reperfusion. When administered early during reperfusion, calcium chloride caused a dose-dependent deterioration in ventricular function, whereas calcium augmented function when it was administered after a 15-minute period of normocalcemic reperfusion. Hearts treated with calcium early during reperfusion demonstrated more mitochondrial damage and decreased stores of adenosine triphosphate than those in which calcium administration was delayed. The data indicate that a period of normocalcemic reperfusion should precede calcium administration in the postischemic heart. Mitochondrial damage resulting in decreased synthesis of adenosine triphosphate is likely the cause of ventricular dysfunction associated with calcium administration in the postischemic heart.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The antiarrhythmic action of the synthetic acetylcholine analog EDIHYP in calcium chloride- and strophanthin-induced heart rhythm disorders].

The experiments on Wistar rats and chinchilla rabbits showed that EDIHYP (5 mg/kg intravenously) completely prevented cardiac fibrillation and mortality in rats with calcium-chloride-induced arrhythmias, (CaCl2-200 mg/kg intravenously). Administration of atropine (0.1 mg/kg, if administered subcutaneously, 30 minutes before the acute experiment) exerts no influence on the drug's antiarrhythmic activity but eliminates its cholinergic component--salivation and lacrimation. When administered in the same dose EDIHYP to a great extent prevents oubaine (strophanthin)-induced arrhythmias in rabbits but fails to influence aconitine-induced arrhythmias. This suggests that EDIHYP's ability of direct or indirect blockade of slow Ca-channels underlies the mechanism of its antiarrhythmic action.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A simple classification method for residual antibiotics using E. coli cells transformed by the calcium chloride method and drug resistance plasmid DNA.

Using three different plasmid DNA codings for kanamycin (KM), chloramphenicol (CP), and ampicillin- (AMP) and tetracycline- (TC) resistance, four different competent Escherichia coli strains were transformed by the calcium chloride method to produce KM-, CP- and AMP- and TC-resistant strains. Evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 22 antibiotics, showed KM-resistant E. coli to be cross resistant only to fradiomycin (FRM); CP-resistant E. coli, especially HB101 and JM109 strains, exhibited cross-resistance only to thiamphenicol (TP). On the other hand, AMP- and TC-resistant E. coli showed cross resistance to several penicillins, tetracyclines and erythromycin. E. coli ATCC-27166, the strain most sensitive to all drugs in this experiment, was employed for disc diffusion experiments and from the pattern of appearance of the inhibition zone, eight major antibiotics were divided into three groups depending on their activity against containing each of the three plasmids. Only gentamicin (GM) activity was not affected by any of the drug resistant strains. Assay techniques utilizing three resistant strains may be the technique for screening foods for antibiotic residues in the future.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

Endocardial and transcutaneous cardiac pacing, calcium chloride, and epinephrine in postcountershock asystole and bradycardias.

Clinically, asystole or a bradyarrhythmia may follow countershock of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in up to 40% of attempts. This study evaluated the effects of artificial cardiac pacing, calcium chloride (CaCl2), and epinephrine in postcountershock asystole/bradycardia. Micromanometer catheters were positioned in the aorta (Ao) and right atrium (RA) of ten dogs and VF induced by right ventricular (RV) stimulation. After 2 min of VF, a 400-J countershock was given. In six animals, asystole or a pulseless bradyarrhythmia followed one countershock. In four animals, up to three countershocks were needed to terminate VF and resulted in asystole or a pulseless bradyarrhythmia. Thirty seconds after termination of VF, cardiac pacing was begun in all animals using conventional RV endocardial pacing (RVEP) or a transcutaneous transthoracic pacing (TTP) technique. RVEP and TTP produced ventricular depolarizations, but electrical capture was never associated with Ao pressure fluctuations. After 2 min of pacing, CaCl2 was given and chest compressions and artificial ventilations (CPR) initiated. CaCl2 had no effect on CPR pressures. After 2 min of CPR, RVEP and TTP were again studied; capture without Ao pressure fluctuations was seen in all animals. Epinephrine was then given and CPR reinstituted. Epinephrine produced a significant increase in CPR Ao systolic pressure (58 +/- 13 to 84 +/- 24 mm Hg, p less than .001) and end-diastolic coronary perfusion pressure (Ao-RA) (9 +/- 4 to 34 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than .001). Within 94 +/- 53 sec after epinephrine, spontaneous circulation was restored in eight animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for nonsurgical sterilization in adult albino rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a method of chemical sterilization and its efficacy in adult albino rats. METHOD: Evaluation was conducted 3 weeks after a single bilateral intratesticular injection of calcium chloride (CaCl2) at the dose of 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg per testis per 100 g body weight. RESULTS: The significant graded diminution in relative sex organ weights, testicular androgenic enzymes like Delta5,3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Delta5,3beta-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, testicular content of reduced glutathione (GSH), plasma and intratesticular concentrations of testosterone, epididymal sperm count as well as significant elevation in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testicular content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were noted in all the treated groups with respect to vehicle control. There was no chronic general stress in experimental animals as indicated by insignificant changes in plasma concentrations of corticosterone, prolactin, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and fasting blood sugar level. Dose-dependent responses on testicular histopathology were recorded by noting multinucleated giant cells in seminiferous tubules, derangement of tubular architecture along with infiltration of leucocytes and appearance of fibrous tissue throughout the testicular sections. The fertility efficacy of the 10, 15 or 20 mg CaCl2-treated males was nil, proven after mating with fertile, virgin healthy females, as there were no implantation sites in each uterine horns noted by laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Intratesticular CaCl2 injection at a specific dose might serve as a way of sterilization and may be considered as an alternative to surgical castration in male animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Synthesis of osteoconductive organic inorganic nanohybrids through modification of chitin with alkoxysilane and calcium chloride.

The so-called bioactive ceramics have been attractive because they spontaneously bond to living bone. Organic-inorganic hybrids consisting of organic polymers and the essential constituents of the bioactive ceramics, i.e., silanol (Si-OH) group and calcium ions (Ca(2+)), are useful as novel bone substitutes, owing to bioactivity and high flexibility. In the present study, organic-inorganic hybrids are synthesized from chitin by modification with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) and calcium chloride (CaCl(2)). Their apatite-forming ability is examined in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The prepared hybrids form apatite on their surfaces in SBF within 7 days.

Apatites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of severe left ventricular dysfunction with calcium chloride in patients receiving verapamil.

This report describes two patients who received verapamil because of supraventricular arrhythmias. The patients both developed severe hypotension and signs of left ventricular compromise. The hypotension and left ventricular compromise were promptly reversed by administration of intravenous calcium chloride. The dramatic improvement was documented clinically and in one case by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1975

Complete respiratory paralysis caused by a large dose of streptomycin and its treatment with calcium chloride.

Several cases have been reported, in which a rather large dose of streptomycin given intraperitoneally at operation has produced respiratory paralysis. In these cases the treatment has usually consisted of respirator ventilation and administration of atropine and neostigmine. In animal experiments, in which a cessation of breathing has been produced, calcium salts have produced quick recovery. The authors present a case, in which appendicetomy was performed on a 10-year-old girl for a perforated appendix at the end of which, an overdose of intraperitoneal streptomycin was given, followed 10 minutes later by complete cessation of breathing. The patient had to be intubated again and put into a respirator. Neostigmine and atropine were used without noticeable effect. One and a half hours after the breathing had stopped 0.6 g calcium chloride was given intravenously and the girl recovered immediately and completely.

Calcium Chloride↗
PubMed1992

Effect of methyl methacrylate on isolated atria and interaction with isoproterenol, atropine and calcium chloride.

1. Spontaneous rate and contractile force of isolated rat and rabbit atria suspended in a tissue bath were recorded before and after drugs. Methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) alone both decreased force and increased rate dose-dependently. 2. Concentrations of calcium chloride or isoproterenol that alone increased both rate and force of rat atrial contraction were fully and only partially able, respectively, to restore force to normal after MMA. 3. Atropine prevented changes in rat atrial function from low-effective doses of MMA, but not higher ones; it also failed to prevent the reduction of contractile force by a calcium channel blocker, verapamil. 4. There are similarities but also differences between actions of MMA and verapamil on rat atria.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Acute cardiovascular effects of methyl methacrylate monomer: characterization and modification by cholinergic blockade, adrenergic stimulation and calcium chloride infusion.

1. Methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) given by i.v. infusion to anesthetized dogs caused a sustained hypotension, bradycardia, reduction of cardiac output and stroke volume, and increased peripheral resistance. 2. Epinephrine i.v. could reverse the hypotension but not the bradycardia; isoproterenol i.v. could reverse the bradycardia but not the hypotension. 3. Bilateral cervical vagotomy prevented bradycardia but not other cardiovascular effects of MMA, and prevented all respiratory effects except hypoxemia. 4. Calcium chloride i.v. reversed all circulatory changes except bradycardia; a combination of atropine and calcium reversed all cardiovascular changes from MMA.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Electromechanical dissociation 48 hours after atenolol overdose: usefulness of calcium chloride.

Electromechanical dissociation (EMD) occurred in a 20-year-old woman 48 hours after an overdose of atenolol, despite intensive treatment of the beta-blocker poisoning (gastric lavage, charcoal, glucagon, epinephrine, atropine, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, administration of fluids, cardiac pacing, and mechanical ventilation). Administration of calcium chloride during EMD repeatedly restored blood pressure. Therefore it may have a role to play in management of atenolol overdose.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

Differentiation of specific DNA binding activity of SLE sera from non-specific binding by an addition of dextran sulfate and calcium chloride to the Farr assay system.

A new method for differentiation of specific DNA-binding by human sera from non-specific binding was evaluated with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in different stages of the disease. An addition of dextran sulfate or calcium chloride to Farr's radioimmunoassay mixture reduced non-specific binding of thermally denatured [3H]DNA of the patient sera without much effect on the specific binding. The measurement of DNA-binding value by the sera in these addition systems provides accurate information with regard to the pathophysiological state of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Antiarrhythmic action of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylaminoacetyl-iminodibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS -15) on experimental arrhythmia induced by aconitin, ouabain, calcium chloride and barium chloride].

In comparison with detajmium, prajmalium, ajmaline, quinidine, lidocaine, disopyramide, propranolol, and Ethmozin the substance GS 015 is tested on the aconitin-induced arrhythmia of the rat, the auricular fibrillation by aconitin of the dog, the ventricular arrhythmia induced by ouabaine of the dog, the arrhythmia caused by calcium chloride of the rat, and the arrhythmia induced by barium chloride of the rabbit. The particular qualities of effect in the special forms of arrhythmia are discussed in connection with the study of the antiarrhythmic action in case of coronary occlusion, with the increase of the electric fibrillatory threshold, and with the electrophysiologic tests.

Aconitine↗